主谓一致 Subject-verb Concord.

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1 主谓一致 Subject-verb Concord

2 基本规律 谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。 如果主语是一个抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health.

3 当主语中包含有and或both…and…时，如果它表示一个单一概念，谓语要用单数动词，否则用复数动词。
The iron and steel industry plays an important part in our national economy. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.

4 如果主语是单数，后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍旧用单数形式。
Justice, as well as the law, demands that these bandits be severely punished. Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.

5 each, 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待。
Each of us has something to say. either, neither通常作单数看待。 Neither of us has gone through regular training.

6 Many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a person has had that kind of experience. More than one person was involved in the case.

7 either…or或neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or Lao Yang is to do the work. 在由there或here引起的句子中，如果主语不止一个，谓语也遵循“邻近一致”的原则。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.

8 以集体名词作主语 通常作复数的集体名词，如police, people, cattle, poultry
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise The merchandise has arrived undamaged.

9 即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public等。
如其表示整体，动词用单数。如果侧重其集体成员上，动词用复数。 His family isn’t very large. His family are all music lovers. The audience was enormous. The audience were greatly moved at the words.

10 以数量概念名词词组作主语 表示确定数量的名词词组(时间、金钱、距离)通常被看成整体，动词用单数；但是如果被看成个体，动词用复数。
The treasurer thought that 200 dollars was too much to ask. There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.

11 以算式作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。 Seven plus five makes twelve. Forty divided by eight is five. 在one in/one out of+复数名词作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 One in ten students has failed the exam.

12 如果主语是“分数（百分比）+ of-词组”或者一般表示非确定数量的名词词组时，如all of, some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of +名词，谓语动词的形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。 35% of the doctors were women. Half of the building was damaged in the explosion. Plenty of the sugar is imported from Cuba.

13 如果主语是由 “a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数。
A substantial portion of the reports is missing. A series of accidents has been reported.

14 a kind /sort/type of, this kind/ sort/ type of 后面接单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。
That type of car is old-fashioned. these kinds of, many/ several kinds of后面可以接单数或不可数名词，也可以接复数名词，动词都用复数。 These types of car are imported from Japan. There are several sorts of cheese for sale in the shop. Those kinds of insects are harmful.

15 Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install ___ solar heating device in our home. A) some type of B) some types of a C) some type of a D) some types of

16 Practice The pair of trousers (costs, cost) fifty dollars.
The United Nations (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945. He suffers from diabetes, which (is, are) a kind of chronic disease. Fish and chips (is, are) getting very expensive. John, rather than his roommates, (is, are) to blame.

17 The statistics (proves, prove) that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. Many a (boy, boys) (was, were) disappointed after seeing the film. Two-thirds of the people (is, are) against the plan. All of the fruit (looks, look) ripe.