状语从句

 状语从句根据它表达的意思 不同，可分为时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、条件、 方式、比较、让步等九类。

一、 时间状语从句  １． when, while, as,  When 引导时间状语从句，主句和 从句的动作可以同时发生，也可以 有先后．  When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.  He waved hello when he saw her.

 ＊ 当 when 意思是正当 …… 时候 （ and at that moment ）时， when 只能跟在主句，而且后面的 动作多是突发性的动作之后。  He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.

 while 通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用 持续性动词作谓语。  Strike while the iron is hot. She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper  while 有时可以表示对比，可译成 …… 而 ……  I am fond of English while he likes maths.  We slept while the captain kept watch.

as 表示 一边 …… 一边 …… ，强调从句和主 句中两个动作几乎同步进行。  They talked as they walked.  He looked behind from time to time as he went.  as 表示随着  As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.  As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.

 ２ whenever  You are always welcome whenever you come. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. ．

3. before, after  You must first learn to walk before you try to run.  The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.

*before 的常用句式  Before 和 can/could 连用常表示 “ 还 没来得及．．．就．．． ”  He ran off before I could stop him. Ｈ e was knocked down by a car before he could realize what happened.

It +be + 时间段 +before  It will be five years before we meet again.  It will be not long before you regret what you have done.  It was minutes before the police arrived.  It will be not long before you regret what you have done.

 until,till 用于肯定句时，表示直到 … 为止， 主句必须为持续性动词。  We shall wait until / till he comes back.  Everything went well until/till that accident happened. 4.till, until

 notuntil/till 表示直到 才 ，主句 通常要用短暂动词，这时 until 和 till 可用 before 代替。  I didn't leave until/ till/ before she came back.  Bells don't ring till /until you strike them.

＊注意问题  当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、 谓语要使用倒装语序。  Not until she stopped crying did I leave.  until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主 句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。  在强调句型中一般只能用 until ，不用 till 。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.

5.since  It has been just a week since we arrived here.  Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.

6. 一 …… 就 …… 的表示方法  as soon as  He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.  On/upon doing  On hearing the news, he burst into tears.  immediately /instantly / directly  They phoned her immediately they reached home.

 the moment, the minute, the instant, the second  he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.  Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.

 hardly scarcely…when, no sooner…than  Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up. 

7.once  Once you begin, you must continue. Once you see him, you will never forget him.

8. next time, the first time, the last time, every time  Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.  He left me a good impression the first time I met him.  The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.

9. by the time  by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句， 意为到 时为止，主句一般要用完成时 态。  I shall have finished my work by the time you return.  By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.

二、地点状语从句  地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever 和 everywhere 引导  Where there is a will, there is a way.  Wherever you go, you should do your work well.  Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.

三、原因状语从句  because, since, as  1 ． because 语气最强，表达的是未知 的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以 放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结 构 It is/was that 和关联词 not but 引 导的原因状语从句中，要用 because 。 另外， because 还常和副词 just, merely 等连用。

 2 ． since 往往表示的是已知的客 观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的 从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态 一般相同。 3 ． as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主 句的附带说明，重点在主句。 as 从 句通常放在主句前。.

 Just because he doesn't complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied  Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.  As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.

because 和 for  1 ． for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原 因的分句，因此不能用于句首。 because 表示原因时，可位于句首。  2.for 表示的是推断解释， because 强调 动作发生的直接原因。

 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.  The day breaks, for the birds are singing.  He must be tired, for he went to bed early

 now that now that 既然，因为。 that 可以 省略。 Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands. Now you mention it again, I do remember.

四、目的状语从句  引导目的状语从句的主要连词有， so that, in order that 等，从句中常 常使用一些情态动词，如 can, could, may, might, should 等。表 示为了，以便.

 They hurried so that they might not miss the train.  In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.

当主从句的主语一致时， so that 和 in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以 转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。  Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer.  Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.  They hurried so that they might not miss the train.  They hurried so as not to miss the train.

in case, lest, for fear that  Take an umbrella in case it should rain.

五、结果状语从句  引导结果状语从句的连词有： so…that, such…that, so that 等  I didn't plan the work well, so that I didn't finish it in time.  The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.  Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.

 结果状语从句要点：  ＊ Such +a/ an +adj.+that  So +adj. +a/an +that  She is such a kind girl that we all like her very much.  She is so kind a girl that we all like her.

 ＊ Such/ So 位于句首的倒装句  Ｓ o careless was he that he knocked into a big tree.

六、条件状语从句  引导条件状语从句的有 if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing 等。

 If you ask him, he will help you.  They will go tomorrow unless it rains.  As/So long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.  Provided /Providing （ that ） we invite him, he would surely come to dinner.  Suppose/Supposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do?

七、方式状语从句  方式状语从句常由 as, as if as though 等词引导，通常位于主句之 后。

 Do in Rome as the Romans do.  Leave things as they are.  Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.  The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.  He acted as if ／ though nothing had happened

八、比较状语从句  Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.  She works in the same building as my sister.  It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.

比较状语从句的要点  the +adj 比较级， the+adj 比较级  The more you read, the better you understand.  The busier he is, the happier he feels.

倍数的表示法  Our new school is four times bigger than the old one.  Our new school is four times as big as the old one.  Our new school is four times the size of the old one.

九、让步状语从句  让步状语从句由 although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether （是否）, no matter (who, what, etc), even if, even though 等词引导。

 It was an exciting game, although no goals were scored.  I haven't checked the information yet, though I think it is correct.  We won't be discouraged even if though we fail ten times.  No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.  Whatever happens may happen, we shall never lose hope.

 Whether you believe it or not, it's true.

让步状语从句要点  No matter 结构只能用于状语从句 – ever 结构既能用于状语从句，也能 用于名词性从句．  No matter what / whatever he wants, his parents will give him.  His parents will give him whatever he wants.

As/though 引导的让步状语从句的特 殊句式  Young as ／ though he is, he knows a lot.  Cold as/though it is, the children play outdoors.  Hard as/ though he worked, he didn’t pass the exam.