關係子句(二)：關係副詞 介係詞和關係代名詞融合在一起 限定與非限定用法

單元大綱 關係副詞 where/when/how/why 關係子句的限定用法 關係子句的非限定用法 以as/which 引導非限定關係子句

關係副詞 where/when/how/why 定義 用於引導關係子句，因代替關係子句中的副詞片語(如in the house) ，所以稱為關係副詞。 原則 詞性為副詞，不能像who / whom / which / that等當作關係子句中的主詞或受詞。 引出的關係子句必然已經有主詞、甚至受詞。

如何選擇介係詞、關係副詞取代「介係詞＋which」？ 關係副詞 where/when/how/why 關係副詞 = 介係詞 + 關係代名詞 如何選擇介係詞、關係副詞取代「介係詞＋which」？ 視先行詞而定 介係詞 關係副詞

關係副詞 where/when/how/why He sells the mansion. He was born in the mansion. 例句 → He sells he was born in. the mansion which/that ( ) 其中 代替了the mansion 之後，前移至 。 which/that 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why He sells the mansion. He was born in the mansion. 例句 the mansion in which →He sells he was born. 其中 代替了 the mansion ，並連同 一起前移至 。 which in 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why He sells the mansion. He was born in the mansion. 例句 →He sells he was born. the mansion where 其中 代替了 in the mansion ，然後前移至 。 where 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why 因為in the mansion 是場所副詞，所以用where 引出he was born的完整子句。 where = in + which

關係副詞 where/when/how/why I will never forget the day. I got the first prize on the day. 例句 →I will never forget I got the first prize on. the day which/that ( ) 其中 代替了the day 之後，前移至 。 which/that 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why I will never forget the day. I got the first prize on the day. 例句 →I will never forget I got the first prize. the day on which 其中 代替了 the day，並連同 一起前移至 。 which on 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why I will never forget the day. I got the first prize on the day. 例句 →I will never forget I got the first prize. the day when 其中 代替了 on the day，然後前移至 。 when 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why 因為 on the day為時間副詞，所以用 when引出 I got the first prize的完整子句。 when = on + which

關係副詞 where/when/how/why We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason. 例句 →We want to know Maggie left earlier for. the reason ( ) which/that 其中 代替了the reason 之後，前移至 。 which/that 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason. 例句 →We want to know Maggie left earlier. the reason for which 其中 代替了 the reason ，並連同 一起前移至 。 which for 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason. 例句 → We want to know Maggie left earlier. the reason why 其中 代替了 for the reason ，然後前移至 。 why 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why 因為 the reason為原因，所以用why引出 Maggie left earlier的完整子句。 why = for + which 可同時使用 可擇一使用 The reason why

關係副詞 where/when/how/why Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way. 例句 →Ted shared with me he achieved his goal for. the way ( ) which/that 其中 代替了the way 之後，前移至 。 which/that 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way. 例句 →Ted shared with me he achieved his goal. the way in which 其中 代替了 the way ，並連同 一起前移至 。 which in 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way. 例句 →Ted shared with me he achieved his goal. how 其中 代替了 in the way，然後前移至 。 how 子句的開頭

關係副詞 where/when/how/why 因為 the way是方式，所以用 how引出 He achieved this goal的完整子句。 how = in + which the way 可擇一使用， 切勿一起使用。 how

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei. There are many fancy shops in Taipei. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei. There are many fancy shops in Taipei. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. Many people in America enjoy Christmas. They can get together on Christmas. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. Many people in America enjoy Christmas. They can get together on Christmas. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can get together. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Ryan did not know the reason. Rachel kissed him on his cheek for a reason. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Ryan did not know the reason. Rachel kissed him on his cheek for a reason. Ryan did not know the reason why Rachel kissed him on his cheek. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 4. Judy is curious about the way. Simon dealt with the obstacles in the way. I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 4. Judy is curious about the way. Simon dealt with the obstacles in the way. Judy is curious about the way (how) Simon dealt with the obstacles . I’m looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops. Many people in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can gather together. Ryan doesn’t know the reason why Rachel kisses him on his cheek. Judy is curious about the way/how Simon deals with the obstacles .

關係子句的限定用法 限定用法 His uncle who drinks a lot everyday had a car accident yesterday. 例句 →若刪除“who drinks a lot every day”，不清楚指哪一個叔叔， 因此這個形容詞子句有限定性，不能刪除。

關係子句的限定用法 限定用法 Andrew’s friends who are very supportive of his new proposal will have a meeting this afternoon. 例句 →若刪除“who are very supportive of his new proposal”，不清楚指哪一個朋友， 因此這個形容詞子句有限定性，不能刪除。

關係子句的限定用法 限定用法 定義 作用 關代之前沒有「，」時。 形容詞子句和先行詞之間不能用逗號分開。 拿掉形容詞子句，則主要子句會無法表達完整的意義。

關係子句的非限定用法  非限定用法 I met my friend Rosana the other day, who has stayed in France for years. 例句 →若刪除“who had stayed in France for years”，主要子句的基本語意並沒有改變，仍然是「我遇見好友Rosana了」，因為Rosana就這麼一個。 →加上此關係子句，只是提供額外的訊息，並無「界定是哪一個Rosana」的作用。

關係子句的非限定用法  非限定用法 My iPod, which my dad gave me as a birthday present, was lost last week. 例句 →若刪除“which my dad gave me as a birthday present”，主要句的基本語意並沒有改變，仍然是「我的iPod丟了」，因為我只有一支iPod ，語意上不會有疑義。

關係子句的非限定用法  非限定用法 定義 關代之前有「，」時。 使用時機 用在先行詞相當明確，子句和先行詞之間關係比較鬆散時。

關係子句的非限定用法 非限定用法 功能 主在補充說明之用，即使省略了關係子句也不影響全句意思的完整性。  非限定用法 功能 主在補充說明之用，即使省略了關係子句也不影響全句意思的完整性。 此種用法尤其在先行詞為專門名詞 ( 如人名、地名等 ) 時，應加上逗號，用非限制子句修飾，因先行詞很明確，不需指認或界定，而且先行詞只有一個。

關係子句的非限定用法  非限定用法 非限定用法的形容詞子句： 因加上逗號，關係代名詞不可用that。

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. Foreigners like the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum is full of precious collections.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. Foreigners like the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum is full of precious collections. Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections. Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often encourages him to attain his goal. Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading. I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge. Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. Dave likes to talk to Gina. Gina often encourages him to attain his goal.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. Dave likes to talk to Gina. Gina often encourages him to attain his goal. Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections. Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often encourages him to attain his goal. Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading. I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge. Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often encourages him to attain his goal.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Jeff smiles at the girl. The girl is sitting under a tree reading.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Jeff smiles at the girl. The girl is sitting under a tree reading. Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading. Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections. Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often encourages him to attain his goal. Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading. I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 4. I like to learn all the subjects. The subjects contain various kinds of knowledge.

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 4. I like to learn all the subjects. The subjects contain various kinds of knowledge. Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections. Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often encourages him to attain his goal. Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading. I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge. I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge.

以as/which引導非限定關係子句 He cheated on the exam, as/which made his parents very angry. 例句 →在形容詞子句中，as / which 不代替名詞exam, 而是代替前面一整句，即“He cheated on the exam”這件事，而這件事使父母親很生氣。 →這種子句只能用as / which 作關係詞，且一定要有逗號。 請問老師提供的簡報中，將as的字型改小是要刪除的意思嗎？

以as/which引導非限定關係子句 →As引導的非限定關係子句位置靈活，亦可置於句首。 As is often suggested by experts, reading can broaden one’s horizons. 例句 →As引導的非限定關係子句位置靈活，亦可置於句首。

學習完本課程後， 你對這個單元是否真的瞭解了呢？ 現在就進入評量區，試試自己的身手吧！ 簡報檔結束，可提示學生至評量區做線上測驗。 47