从高教国际化看基础教育 英国利物浦大学副校长 西交利物浦大学执行校长 西安交通大学教授 Youmin Xi Ph.D 主编 Email: ymxi@mail.xjtu.edu.cn http://www.ymxi.com 从高教国际化看基础教育 英国利物浦大学副校长 Pro-Vice-Chancellor of University of Liverpool 西交利物浦大学执行校长 Executive President Xi’an Jiaotong- Liverpool University 席酉民博士 西安交通大学教授 Youmin Xi Ph.D Prof. of Xi’an Jiaotong University 主编 ManaMaga Chief Editor
1、机会:The world has been changing 世界变迁 Ancient oriental civilization( declined because of the closure and backwardness of the feudal society) 古代东方文明(因封建社会封闭而衰落) Renaissance pushed forward the western civilization ( reached its culmination in the 19th century) 文艺复兴推动西方文明(19世纪达顶峰) Two world wars in the early 20th century; a lot of elite moved to America: American prosperity) 20世纪初叶两次世界大战,大批精英流向美国:美国的强盛 The rise of China began in the early 21th century, elite would swarm into China 21世纪初中国的崛起,精英将蜂拥而至 …… Closure causes decline, Opening up leads to flourish; intellectual elite are basis of prosperity 封闭则退、开放则兴、知识精英、强盛之基 Innovation, Talent, Management, Education, internationalization?? 创新、人才、管理、教育、国际化??
背景 Background Education is facing unprecedented challenges at the beginning of 21st century, under the impact of 21世纪初,教育正面临着空前的挑战,主要基于下列因素的影响: Globalization 全球化 Knowledge-based economic growth 知识经济的发展 The information and communication revolution (Salmi 2002) 信息和通信革命(Salmi 2002) Sustainable development 可持续发展
2、Rethinking of University 大学(教育)的反思 Main function of university in 21st century? 21世纪大学(教育)的主要功能? Key Characteristics of the modern university? 现代大学(教育)的主要特征?
Future Trends & Challenges 未来的趋势与挑战 Traditional Education Since Industry Revolution 工业革命以来的传统经济 Demands to Talents In Knowledge Economy 知识经济下对人才的需求 To provide skilled and controllable labor in factories 培养可控技能工人 Behavior oriented philosophy 行为导向的哲学 Knowledge was divided aligning with division of labor 被分工割裂的知识 Content based teaching 以教为主 Measuring outcomes by tests考试导向 Creation and innovation of knowledge 知识创造与创新 Knowledge application in new uncertain context 不确定环境下的知识运用 Rethinking traditional education model in terms of: 反思教育模式 What should students get in campus learning? 在学校学什么? How could students learn what they want? 学生怎样学他们想学的? The roles of educators and learners should be redesigned 重新设计教育者和学生硬扮演的角色 Challenges 6 本科教学工作水平评估 6 6
Challenges and Solutions 挑战与对策 相机行事、能动致变 Evolution, Adaptive Action 事物发展 Development 智慧 Wisdom 素养 Philosophy & Value 能力 Capability 知识 Knowledge ? 不确定性 Uncertainty 探索Exploration H 选择Choice L 执行Execution 设计、优化 Design, Optimization 时间Time
How to train these on campus? How to improve the wisdom, value and capacity of students? 如何提升学生智慧、素养和能力 Capacity:?? (can be trained through teamwork and innovation) 能力靠训练:??(互动和创新) Philosophy and Value:?? (can be edfied by culture and good environment) 素养靠熏陶:??(文化和环境) Wisdom:?? (can be sawyed through following the masters and promotion) 智慧靠感悟:??(效仿与提升) Knowledge:?? (can be learnt and gained by practice) 知识靠学习:??(习得和操练) How to train these on campus? 校园如何满足这些要求?
3、中国教育面临的挑战:舆论与教育界的反应 中国民众对教育的喊打 …… 国际对中国教育的微词 被“教育”“摧残”的“孩子” 被格式化的一代 教育等于读书,读书等于赶考-消灭民族生存力 幼儿园把小学的内容讲了,小学把中学的内容讲了,中学又把大学的内容讲了,哪大学讲什么?就把幼儿园的内容补上,讲基础文明! 中国的学生一般不敢对老师说不,美国学生虽然也很尊重老师,但会和老师争论。中国的学生太听话。 -Richard C. Levin President of Yale 大家经常将责任归罪于体制问题 体制问题、管理问题、技术问题 体制不能成为不解决其他问题的借口
我国现代大学运行问题 扩招导致教育质量严重下滑! 大学科研闭门造车,与实际脱节! 强调合作交流,而夫妻店、师徒团队成主要合作团队! 行政权代表资源占有权、资源优先享有权? Paper第一,研究成果使用价值第二? 论文=ctrl+c、ctrl+v? ……
中国高等教育的挑战及改革趋势 中国:举世瞩目成就 世界强国 人才+科技+管理 高等教育 高等教育面临的挑战 The Dream to be a Strong Country and the Challenges Faced by Higher Education of China 中国:举世瞩目成就 世界强国 人才+科技+管理 高等教育 高等教育面临的挑战 从精英教育到大众化教育,大学功能定位和管理理念需调整; 从计划经济到市场机制,大学治理体制和资源配置方式需调整; 从官僚机械组织到知识组织,大学管理体系及组织方式需调整; 从知识传播到大学新功能的履行,育人模式和教育流程需调整; 从书斋式教育到实用主义倾向,大学人文精神与创新文化须强化。
4、大学体系:体制上看中国大学体系的转换 精英教育计划管理 大众教育市场机制 千军万马争攀金字塔 千军万马按兴趣实力择校 部分本科院校、三本、民营、职业高等教育 教学型大学 研究型大学 社区大学 政府投资重点 Public Universities? Private Universities? XJTLU! 教育体制改革 大学管理改革
Exploration of Higher Education 高等教育的新探索 Western education model and Best Practice Religion 宗教 Exploring XJTLU Model 西交利物浦大学模式探索 Law 法律 Learning From Each Other Morality 道德 Future Trends & Challenges 未来趋势与挑战 Eastern Education Model and Best Practice Religion 宗教 Science 科学 Art 艺术 Basis of Western Culture 西方文化的基础 Basis of Eastern Culture东方文化的基础 Law 法律 Morality 道德 Art 艺术 Science 科学 2017/3/7 Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL 13 13
Vision of XJTLU 西交利物浦大学愿景 To become a research-led international university in China and a Chinese university recognised internationally, for its unique features in learning & teaching, research, social service, and education management. 研究导向、独具特色、世界认可的中国大学和中国土地上的国际大学。 2017/3/7 Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL 14
Campus culture and Environment 5、大学理念 My Idea of University Education Philosophy 育人、办学理念 Modern infrastructure and facilities 大楼 (校园) Dedicated teaching staff 大师 (老师) 学术共同体 Academic Community A supportive network system 管理(网络)体系 Campus culture and Environment 大学文化与环境
Eco-Campus生态校园 Physical Eco: Green 自然生态:绿色 Knowledge Eco: ACTIVE 知识生态:能动 Social Eco: Symbiosis 社会生态:嵌入 Eco-Campus “nurtures competitive global citizen” 生态校园孕育有竞争力的世界公民! Academic Community Teamwork Innovation, Interaction, International Virtue, Valued, Vegete Environment (nobility & elegance), Ecology
Mission of XJTLU 西交利物浦大学使命 Educating technical and managerial professionals with international perspectives and competitive capabilities; 培养具有国际视野和竞争力的高级技术和管理人才; Integrating into global economic and social development with its expertise in business and technology; 在人类面临严重生存挑战的领域有特色地开展研究; With its unique focuses and features, conducting research in areas where humanity faces severe challenges; 积极为经济和社会发展提供科技和管理服务; Exploring new models for higher education that will exert a strong influence on the development of education in China and the world. 探索影响中国甚至世界教育发展的高等教育新模式。 2017/3/7 17
Uniqueness of XJTLU 独具特色的西交利物浦大学 Education Model 独特的育人模式 Governance Structure & Systems 独特的组织架构 Ideal of University 独特的大学理想 Vision & Mission Management Philosophy & Technology 独特的管理理论与方法 Open Campus & Culture 独特的开放式校园与文化 2017/3/7 18
Leadership 管理 6、育人模式 Education Model 哲学 Philosophy (智慧Wisdom ) (V&M) Knowledge system of successful life 成功人生的知识体系 科学 Science (知识 Knowledge) 实务 Practice (经验Experience ) (HT) Leadership 管理 Management (HP+XP) 艺术 Art (技巧Technique) (HC) 技术 Technology (工具 Tools )
事业发展 Career Development 基于文化 的特殊性 Characteristics related to Culture 事业发展 Career Development 管理 哲学 Philosophy (Fusion of I&C) (智慧 Wisdom) 经验 Experience (实务Practice) (知识 Knowledge) 科学 Science (技巧 Technique ) 艺术 Art 技术 Technology (工具 Tools) Management Morality Ethics Leadership How to training students to enhance their leadership and management skills, master the knowledge system and improve global competitive capabilities Initiative 能动性 普适性 Universality 科学性 Scientific 发展环境 Development Environments 事业发展与知识体系 Career Development and Knowledge System
New Trends in Education 教育模式的趋势 Philosophy: constructivism, defines learning as a permanent change in both behavior and thought, emphasizes meaning-making 哲学:建构主义将学习定义为行为和思想的永久改变,强调意义获取 Roles: see learners are naturally creative and innovative who posses self-direction rather than child-like and require direction, educators see themselves as guides and resources 角色:认为学习者天生具备创造力,能自我导向,而不是看成孩子需要定向,教育者将自己看成指导者和资源 Teaching: while learning may initiate within the class setting, the bulk of the learning happens when learners apply new knowledge within the context of their environment, and finally change values and beliefs, teachers strive to create these contexts 教学:尽管学习始于课堂,但主要发生在学习者将知识应用于实际环境的过程中,并最终改变价值观,教师要努力创造这种环境 Evaluation: balance process measures and performance measures in a holistic way 评价:有机整合过程评价和结果评价
Exploration of Education Model: Comparison & Integration 教育模型的探索:比较与融合 对比 Comparison 视角 Perspective China 中国 XJTLU 西交利物浦 UK 英国 Value 观念 Kids 孩子 Young adults 年轻的成年人 Adults 成年人 System 体系 Teaching oriented 以授课为主导 Student-development oriented, learning centered 以学生健康成长为主导,以学习为中心 Learning centered 以学习为中心 Learning 学习 Utilitarian oriented, passive 功利导向,被动学习 The pursuit of a valuable life, active 人生导向,积极主动 Interest oriented, active 兴趣导向,主动学习 Teaching 教学 Solid foundation, knowledge feeding 重基础,灌输式 Integration, problem oriented, team work and project 问题导向,团队合作与项目训练,重视知识的整合与运用 Problem oriented, team work and project 问题导向,团队合作与项目训练 Culture 文化 Market oriented, utilitarian, restlessness 市场导向,功利,浮躁 Interest oriented, diversity, self organizing, interaction, innovation 兴趣导向,多样性、自主、互动、创新 Interest oriented, individualism 兴趣导向,个人主义 2017/3/7 22
Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL Challenges and Future Trend 挑战与未来趋势 Wisdom of Human Management 人类管理的智慧 Comparison & Integration Culture 中西文化比较与融合 Comparison & Integration Education 中西教育比较与融合 Philosophy & Value System 素养体系 Capability System 能力体系 Knowledge System 知识体系 Global Citizen 世界公民 The Education Model of XJTLU 西交利物浦大学 育人模式 Support Systems of Implementation 支持系统 Comprehensive Education Strategy 综合的教育策略 2017/3/7 Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL 23
Global Citizen 世界公民 Core Ideology (Happy Life, Successful Career) 核心思想(生活快乐,事业成功) Philosophy & Value System 素养体系 Core Value (Innovation & Contribution) 核心价值观 (创新、奉献) Core Purpose (Improve living capabilities) 核心目标 (提高生存能力) International Competitive Capability 参与国际竞争的能力 Core Ethics (Unity with Diversity) 核心伦理 (和而不同) Core View (Globalization and Sophisticate)核心世界观 (全球视野与练达) Philosophy 哲学 (Wisdom 智慧 ) Knowledge System 知识体系 Capability System 能力体系 Capability to Integrate & Apply Knowledge 扎实的整合和应用知识的能力 Initiative & Rigorous Executive Capability 主动的态度和坚实的执行力 Global Citizen 世界公民 Practice 实务 (Experience 经验 ) Art 艺术 (Technique 技巧) Science 科学 (Knowledge 知识 ) Technology 技术 (Tools 工具 ) Innovative & Lifelong Learning Capability 积极的探索和创新精神及终身学习的能力 Interactive Capability & Teamwork Behaviours 互动与合作的行为方式 Career Planning & Entrepreneurship Training 职业规划与创业教育 Campus Culture 校园文化 Comprehensive Education Strategy 综合的教育策略 Support Systems of Implementation 支持系统 Academic Support System 学术支持系统 Learning Support System 学习支持系统 Learning & Teaching 学与教 Extracurricular Activities 课外活动 International Interaction 国际交流 Internship 课外实践 Platform & Community 共享平台与共同体 Infrastructure 基础设施
The Education Objective 育人目标 Core Ideology: Happy Life, Successful Career Vision and Mission 愿景与使命 Global Citizen The Education Objective 育人目标 Philosophy & Value Capability Knowledge Lecture Teamwork Internship Sports Social Practice Seminar Experiment Workshop Forums Military Training The Education Process 育人流程 Tutorial Club Activities Publications Design & Planning Self-governing Experience Presentation Learning & Teaching Extracurricular Activities Career Planning & Entrepreneurship Training Internship International Interactions Lecture Arts & Music Internship Domestic Internship Culture Programme The Comprehensive Education Strategy 教育策略 Seminar Sports & Fitness Career Lecture International Internship International Exchange Tutorial Social Practice Workshop Presentation Student Activities Training Non-credit Internship Students & Staff Special Programme Professional Evaluation Study at UoL Experiment Internship for Credits Academic Support System Learning Support System Campus Culture Platform & Community Infrastructure Support Systems 支持系统 Department Tri-tutoring System Internationalisation Student Organisations Accommodation Research Innovation Labs/library Committees Committees External Collaborations Contribution Canteen IT & MIS Happy Sport Facilities Teaching Centres Student Support Office Parents Vision & Mission
Interactive Capabilities & Teamwork Behaviors Tutorial Lecture Learning & Teaching An Example: Interactive Capabilities & Teamwork Behaviors 示例:培养互动与合作的行为方式 Seminar Experiment Group Project Case Study Presentation Sports & Fitness Voluntary Activities Culture Programme International Interactions Military Training Interactive Capabilities & Teamwork Behaviors Student Organisations Interaction with Foreign People Extracurricular Activities Student Committees Social Practice Placement Team Leadership Training Entre- preneurship Training External Mentoring Internship Direct/Strong Connections Career Planning Entrepreneurship & Training Career Workshop Career Lecture Indirect/Weak Connections
Gains of XJTLU Students under New Education Model 西交利物浦创新型育人模式下学生的收获 Domestic students 国内学生 Common gains 共同获得 International students 国际学生 Perspective 视野 Western perspective, independent thinking 西方视野,独立思维 International perspectives 国际化视野 Eastern perspective, morality stressed 东方视角,重视道德 Knowledge 知识体系 More integrated professional knowledge 更整合的专业知识 Integrated programs 扎实和整合的知识体系 Stronger foundation 更坚实的基础知识 Capability 能力 Active learning, teamwork behaviors 主动学习,团队合作能力 Innovative and life-long learning capability, and international competitive capability 积极的探索和创新精神, 终生学习的能力,及参与国际竞争的能力 Rigorous execution capability 坚实的执行力 Career Development 职业发展 Internship in international companies, entrepreneurship practice 国际企业实习,自主创业 Global career development 全球就业前景 Be familiar with Chinese market 熟悉中国市场 Language 语言 Proficient English 精通英文 Dual languages: Chinese and English 中英双语 Simple Chinese 简易中文
Student Development Oriented XJTLU Student Support-General Structure 西交利物浦大学学生工作结构 Self Governance 学生自治 Student Development Oriented Student Centered 以学生发展为导向 向以学生为中心 Service 服务 Guidance 引导 Platform Community 平台搭建 Supporting Systems 系统支持
7、基础教育问题思考 升学率与基础教育: 升学率紧箍咒严重影响了中国青少年健康发展 紧箍咒的打破依赖于大学和社会价值观的改革 探索教育新理念、改变教育方式并不必然导致升学率降低(西交大附中) 释放和挖掘学生内在兴趣,促进教育 鼓励学生全面发展,正确价值观和积极行为 鼓励学生从被动学习转向主动学习 ……
7、基础教育问题思考 健康人格、积极心理、主动精神 把学生健康成长放到第一位 家长会(重视与无奈)及其新价值(XJTLU与家长互动) 对学生的尊重和鼓励(积极心理与阳光心态;傻、没戏等断言的副作用) 家长与学校向后退,让学生向前冲(许多大学生衣来伸手饭来张口习惯的延伸) 正确态度和行为提升学习动力、刺激学生智慧
7、基础教育问题思考 释放中国青少年创造精神和学习动力 升学与兴趣(兴趣被升学扼杀或阻隔) 理想模糊(功利、浮躁,大部分学生没有明晰专业倾向) 不是为理想和自己学,而是为别人学 学习的内在动力和创新精神不足 职业规划和人生思考不被重视
7、基础教育问题思考 变被动学习与主动学习 中国学生太习惯听、记、考的套路 缺乏挑战教师、已有知识的精神 最聪明民族的创造性被扼杀 是害羞还是缺乏批判精神? 不是为自己问问题而是为别人问问题(数学例) XJTLU转变这种行为很艰难
7、基础教育问题思考 重视知识体系而不是解题技巧和考试技能 知识碎片与整合性知识(打成碎片教、记、考) 死知识与活知识(技巧、知识点与本质和会用) Project, Teamwork(大学:教主导到学中心) 我对教育的认识 知识在知识体系中的地位和作用 知识 理论、技术、工具 方法论 哲学
最后要说的话 外行的胡言乱语 站着说话不腰疼 欢迎访问XJTLU 看望你们的学生 中学英语老师培训和EAP 教育研究人才培养(硕士、博士) 教育国际化办学领导培训 双语教育师资培训基地 ……
Campus Development (Main Building) 校园发展:主楼 (60,000 m² ) 2017/3/7 Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL 35
新投用的理科教学与科研大楼(4,5000 m²)
Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL No.4+ buildings for BEM and Engineering 2017/3/7 Prof. Youmin Xi, EP of XJTLU, PVC of UoL 37
www.xjtlu.edu.cn Q&A 欢迎评论和提问!
http://t.sina.com.cn/xiyoumin www.ymxi.com www.guanlixuejia.com《管理学家》 www.xjtlu.edu.cn http://t.sina.com.cn/xiyoumin www.ymxi.com www.guanlixuejia.com《管理学家》 ymxi@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
谢谢! Thank you!