┃陈述句┃ 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下： 1．be 动词的否定式：在be动词后面加否定词not。如：We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。 2．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如： I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。 3．实义动词的否定式：借助助动词do/ does构成。一般现在时的句子结构为：主语＋doesn't/don't ＋动词原形＋其他。如：He doesn't do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。 专题十二　简单句

┃疑问句┃ 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1．一般疑问句：用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 形式：be+ 主语+其他？ 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 助动词+主语+动词原形\过去分词+其他？ 如：—Are you tired? —Yes, I am. ---Must I finish the work today? --Yes, you must. Have you been to Beijing? 专题十三　简单句

2．特殊疑问句： 以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如： 常见的特殊疑问词有：who, which, what, when, where, why how many\how much, how often, how long, how soon, how far … 如：What do you like best? When did you go to Beijing last time? How often do you exercise? 3．选择疑问句：指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如： Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜？ 专题十三　简单句

4．反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要一致。 常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下： (1)陈述部分为Let us…时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”； 陈述部分为Let‘s…时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”如： Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? (2)陈述部分为“There (Here)＋ be ＋ 主语”时，问句部分用“动词＋there (here)？”形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there? (3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： She seldom goes swimming, does she? 专题十三　简单句

(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? (5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如： Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he? (6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don‘t think (believe, suppose, consider)＋ that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he? (7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un­， im­， in­， dis­等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair, isn't it? (8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用will you。 如： Don‘t make any noise, will you? 专题十三　简单句

┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：1．(please)+动词原形＋其他。 如： Please be careful. 2．Let +宾语+动词原形+其他。 如： Let’s have a picnic. 3．No+名词\动名词 如：NO PHOTOS! NO PARKING! 注意：回答祈使句时要用将来时。 如：---Please come here early tomorrow. ---Yes, I will. ---Don’t be late again. ---Sorry, I won’t. 掌握“祈使句+and\or+结果状语”结构。 如：Work harder, and you will get good grades. Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class. 专题十三　简单句

┃感叹句┃ 感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。 1．what引导的感叹句。 (1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：What a difficult question it is! (2)What＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：What useful information! 专题十三　简单句

2．how引导的感叹句。 (1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如： How kind they are! (2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如： How time flies! 3．what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如： What a good girl! ＝ How good the girl is! 专题十三　简单句

◆易错易混点 【易错点】感叹句 【易混点】how 词组辨析 ----Sure. --- delicious the ice cream is! Could you give me one more? ----Sure. A.What B. How C. What a D. What an 【易混点】how 词组辨析 --- will your father come back? ---In three weeks. A. How long B. How many C. how soon D. How often 专题十三　简单句

句子种类练习题 一、单项选择。 (A )1. —________ weather! It's raining! —Bad luck! We can't go climbing today. A. What bad B．How bad C．What fine D．How fine (B　)2.—She's never spoken to a foreigner, ________？ —Yes. She's active and can speak English freely. A．is she B．has she C．isn't she D．hasn't she (A　)3. ________ get off the bus before it stops. A．Don't B．Doesn't C．Didn't D．Hadn't (D　)4. ----________sweater is this? ----I think it’s Peter’s. A. Who   B.  What   C.  Which    D.  Whose (C )5. wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square! A.How B. What C. What a D. What an 专题十三　简单句

(A )6.--- do you go shopping with your mother? ---I seldom do that. A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long ( B )7.Please open the door. It is very cold outside. A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t D. no (C )8. interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer! A.What B. What an C. How D. How an ( C )9.----Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? ----______. A. Yes, a dictionary   B. No, a magazine   C.  A dictionary   D.  Yes,  both ( B )10. ---_____you _____TV at the moment? ----No ,you can turn it off. A. Did, watch   B.  Are ,watching   C. Do ,watch   D.  Have , watched 专题十三　简单句

二、连词成句（2014年中考真题） 86. night, did, last, rain, it _____Did it rain last night____________? 87. your, what, is, shirt, size _____What size is your shirt__________ ? 88. gift, him, birthday, gave, a, I ______I gave him a birthday gift___________________ . 89. flowers, what, are, beautiful, they _________What beautiful flowers they are______ ! 90. tennis, a, Nancy, twice, week, play ______Nancy plays tennis twice a week___________ . 专题十三　简单句