Unit11 football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and the team may be divided into several positions: goalkeeper, defensive players, midfield players and offensive players.

Football is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world. It is played on a rectangular grass or artificial turf field, with a goal at each of the short ends. Rectangular: 长方形的 Artificial : 人工的 Turf: 草皮

The object of the game is to score by manoeuvring the ball into the opposing goal. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. Score: 得分 Manoeuvre: 移动，操作

The game consists of two 45-min halves with 15-min halftime break. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the competition system.

In general play, the goalkeepers are the only players allowed to use their hands or arms to propel the ball; the rest of the team usually use their feet to kick the ball into position, occasionally using their torso or head to intercept the ball. Propel ：推进， 驱动 Torso ：躯干， pl: torsi Intercept: 拦截 butterhand

According to FIFA, the “very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise of precisely this skilful technique dating back to the 2nd and 3nd centuries BC in China (the game of cuju). Evidence: 证据 Technique: 技巧

In medieval times, various forms of football were played in Europe, though rules varied greatly. Modern football was devised by the English in the mid-19th century. Now it is played on every continent but is particularly strong in Europe and South America. Devise: 设计 Particularly ；特别

The international federation of association football, which was founded in Paris on May 21, 1904-the French name and its acronym, FIFA, persist to this day, even outside French- speaking countries, is the international governing body of association football. Acronym ：首字母缩写词 Persist to: 坚持

FIFA is responsible for the organization and governance of football’s major international tournaments, most notably the FIFA World Cup, held since FIFA has 208 member associations.

Corner arc Touchline/sideline Substitutes’ area Center line Center circle Center mark Penalty arc Penalty point Penalty area Goal area Goal line goal

officials Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the laws of the game in connection with the match. He makes all decisions, acts as timekeeper, calls fouls, starts and stops play. Authority: 权威 Enforce: 实施 In connection with: 与。。。相关

Two linemen ( or assistant referees ) are appointed who assist the referee in making his decisions. They monitor the sidelines and goal lines to determine when a ball goes out of bounds and they carry a flag to signal their observations.

In many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise. The officials wear uniforms that distinguish them from the players on both teams.

FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup is an international football competition contested by the men’s national football teams of the member nations of FIFA. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 at Uruguay, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War Ⅱ. Awarded: 给予； 授予

The current format of the Finals involves thirty-two national teams competing at venues within the host nation over a period of about a month. To determine the participating teams, qualifying rounds take place over the three years preceding the Finals. format ：格式、设计、 安排，规模

The 32 teams are allotted by region, which are divided among eight groups that play round-robin tournaments, with the top two teams in each group advancing into the single- elimination tournament round. allot ：分配 round-robin ：循环， 循环赛 single-elimination ：单循环的

In the 18 tournaments held, only seven nations have won the title. Brazil is the most successful World Cup team, having won the tournament five times. The current Cup holder, Italy, follows with four titles, while Germany holds three. The other former champions are Uruguay and Argentina with two titles each, and England and France with one title each.

Since 1991, FIFA has also organized the FIFA Women’s World Cup every four years. The current format has sixteen teams competing for the winner’s trophy （奖品、奖杯）. Of the first five tournaments held, the united states has won the championship twice, Norway once and Germany twice. The 19th Men’s World Cup Finals will be held in 2010 in South Africa.

FIFA Word Cup 届数 年份 举办地 参赛球队数 冠军 亚军 季军 殿军 乌拉圭 13 乌拉圭 阿根廷 美国 南斯拉夫 意大利 16 意大利 捷克 德国 奥地利 法国 15 意大利 匈牙利 巴西 瑞典 巴西 13 乌拉圭 巴西 瑞典 西班牙 瑞士 16 西德 匈牙利 奥地利 乌拉圭 瑞典 16 巴西 瑞典 法国 西德 智利 16 巴西 捷克 智利 南斯拉夫 英国 16 英格兰 西德 葡萄牙 苏联 墨西哥 16 巴西 意大利 西德 乌拉圭 西德 16 西德 荷兰 波兰 巴西 阿根廷 16 阿根廷 荷兰 巴西 意大利 西班牙 24 意大利 西德 波兰 法国 墨西哥 24 阿根廷 西德 法国 比利时 意大利 24 西德 阿根廷 意大利 英格兰 美国 24 巴西 意大利 瑞典 保加利亚 法国 32 法国 巴西 克罗地亚 荷兰 韩国 - 日本 32 巴西 德国 土耳其 韩国 德国 32 意大利 法国 德国 葡萄牙 南非 32 西班牙 荷兰 德国 乌拉圭

Championship titles 巴西 5 次 意大利 4 次 德国 3 次 阿根廷 2 次 乌拉圭 2 次 英格兰 1 次 西班牙 1 次 法国 1 次

Technical words and phrases Back, back line, center field, corner ball, crossbar, end line, final whistle, goal keeper, hand ball, indirect free kick, kick off, off-side, corner area, corner kick, extra time, forward, free kick, goal line, goal post, injury time, penalty kick, penalty area, penalty shoot-out, shoot, substitute, trapping, throw-in

homework Write an article about your recognition for football; Try to speak something about football, such as the famous stars, advantages of taking part in football, etc.