For Master’s Degree Applicants Reading Strategies For Master’s Degree Applicants

课程安排 1.概述 2.语言基本功的训练 3.阅读技巧 4.应试技巧 5.考试注意事项

概述 文章的题材和体裁 基本能力的要求

文章的题材和体裁 科普知识（思维，睡眠，电脑，健康,航空研究，网上购物） 人物传记 人文社科(哲学、经济、政治、历史、法律、文艺、伦理、语言) 社会生活（媒体,交通，教育,空气污染，全球变暖） 就文体来说，虽然叙述、描写、说明和议论均有出现，但是还是说明文和议论文占多数

基本能力的要求 能够综合运用英语知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料。 1。抓住所读短文的中心大意，领会作者的基本观点和态度。 2。理解关键词，短语和单个句子的意思。 3。掌握文中重要的事实和细节。 4。理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。 5。根据短文内容作出一定的判断推理引申。

语言基本功的训练 词语 句子 段落 语篇

词语 词汇量决定了你的阅读理解能力，词汇量越大，你阅读得越广，视野就越开阔，你阅读理解的得分就越高。 掌握大纲上的词汇、动词词组、和常见的前缀和后缀（构词法）。 超纲词，但每篇不会超过3个。 生词的解决办法在以后的应试技巧中会提到.

语句的理解 1.找出句子的主干，正确把握逻辑关系 If you add to this the effects of a sonar set mounted in the small nose of a torpedo rushing through the water at speeds up to 80 miles per hour with its consequent noise and vibration, plus hullborne vibrations from the power plant, it can be seen that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chances of success.

如果你把带着巨大噪音和震动的，以每小时８０英里速度穿过水中的一个鱼雷的鼻尖部位上所安装的一套声纳设备的效果也加进去考虑的话，再加上还有电机部分所造成的外壳的震动，那么，可以清楚地看到，只有最先进的电子过滤器才有可能获得成功．

What he earned didn’t cover the costs of the expensive restaurants and nights spent in bars that had become a habit with him, as well as the expensive clothes that he liked to wear on the evenings when he went out. 他习惯于光顾豪华餐厅并在酒吧里消磨夜晚．而且晚上出门时总喜欢穿上高档服装．这些花费使他入不敷出．

More practice on the paper 2.避免片面看待句子，把握句与句之间的关系 并列关系 相互解释关系 正反陈述 递进关系 因果关系 ３．举例说明(见练习4-7)

段落的阅读 一般来讲,在说明文和论述文中,每段都涉及问题的一个方面或论据的一个方面,而段首句和段尾句则往往起到一个概括全段的作用.当然,这并不是说每段的段首句和段尾句都代表该段的主题,但是,无论如何,每段往往的确要围绕一个主题展开,否则,文章的脉络就不清楚了.

段首主题句 主题句位于段落的开端，一开始就明确主题，然后展开讨论或说明，即采用演绎法，由一般到个别，由概述到详解。这种主题句给读者一种清新明了的感觉，使人一看就明白段落所要阐述的内容，一语道破，具有极强的感染力。段落中其他句子均受主题句的约束。判断段首主题句的方法是：分析段落的首句与第二、三句的关系，如果从第二句开始就对第一句进行说明、论述或描述，那么第一句就是主题句。

The actual amount of water in the plant at one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined-in the presence of chlorophyll(叶绿素)and with energy derived from light-to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas-water vapor-to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities(3 to 4 parts in 10000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80°F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leafs synthesized into carbonhydrate (碳水化合物).

段尾主题句 主题句位于段落末尾，以加强段落的说服力，作者采用的是归纳法，先叙述、后概括，以强调根据阐述句提供的具体事实做出的结论。是对整段文章的概括和总结，前面的句子都是最后一句结论的铺垫。

Imagine a world in which children would be the rulers and could decide not only the outcome of each and every occurrence, but also dictate the very structure and form of the environment. In this world, a child's wildest thoughts would become reality limited only by the extent of his or her imagination. Which such a world might sound both fantastic and frightening, at least from a logical, adult perspective, it does exist. What's more, it has been in existence for some time and is populated by hundreds of thousands of children who spend hours within its boundaries experimenting and learning. This world is not real, at least not in the traditional sense, but exists within a computer and is generated by an educational programming language called LOGO. Unlike other computer languages and programs that are designed to test children and provide applications that formally dispense information, LOGO allows children, even preschool children to be in total control. Children teach the computer to think and as a result develop and sharpen their own reasoning ability.

段中主题句 有的段落开段一、两句或几句都是铺叙，作者的目的是用这个引子引出主题。主题句之后仍有一定数量的句子陈述、论述或引申这一主题句。段中主题句的段落结构是：或者先提出问题，然后给予回答，再给予解释，即“提问—回答—再解释”；或者先用一、两个引子，然后点明主题，再给予解释，即“引题—主题句—解释”。

 Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training, as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student's role is one of receiving information; the teacher's role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know (and therefore, not capable of being wrong) and another, usually younger person, who is supposed not to know. However, teaching need not be the province of a special group of people, nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting, than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone. You do not nave to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures, should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge or skill.

练习见第4篇文章的2,3段 正确把握段与段之间的关系 一篇文章各段落之间都存在着一定的逻辑联系，而这种逻辑联系通常情况下都体现在段落的开头和结尾。 例如: 第一篇文章的第一和第二段. 第二篇文章的第二和第三段 第三篇文章的第一和第二段.

掌握短文主题句 为使读者能直接地了解语篇的主旨大意，作者通常采取主题句的写作手法，即用一句或几句话来直接表达主题。这一主题句在意义上具有概括性，在句法上简洁明了，全篇文章的各个部分都要紧密围绕主题展开。在内容安排上层层铺述，逐渐深入，直到把某一观点或事物论述得透彻明晰。      鉴于文体不同，短文主题句在文中的位置也不同。通常情况下可为分：首段主题句和 中段主题句 .例如: 见练习文章1-4

介绍两种种阅读方法： 略读(skimming) 寻读(scanning)

略读 略读又称跳读（reading and skipping）或浏览（glancing），是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速读阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰（bird‘'s eye view）地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者（skimmer）的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。

略读有下列三个特点： 以极快的速度阅读大量的材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。 可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。 根据文章的难易程度和要达到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度。

可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。 阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。 若无需要，不必阅读细节． 对上一句解释说明的句子不用读.关键词:that’s that’s to say This means …… 列举的人名,地名,国家名不用读．

调整阅读速度 文章开头，结尾要慢 段落的开头，结尾要慢． 主题句要慢，细节要快． 注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however，but yet in fact nevertheless moreover，等；序列词firstly，secondly等。

大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。但是有意识地训练会大大地提高你的略读速度和效率。进行略读训练的最简单的方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇，开始训练时，可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的5/4倍，以后逐步提高。略读的关键是增加眼跳的幅度，高度集中注意力，努力捕捉那些能引起注意或者你认为重要的内容。 以第5篇为例。

寻读 寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。熟练的读者善于运用寻读获得具体信息，以提高阅读效率。 寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分则略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法，读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。 这种扫描方法主要用于找出文章的事实和细节。 练习见第一篇第3题；第二篇第11题

应试技巧 根据不同的命题方式采用不同的应试技巧

What is the main idea the subject of the passage? The key point ／The main idea of the passage / The best summary is . The passage mainly deals with (is mainly about) . Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article? The main point the author makes in the passage is . The best suitable title for the passage would might be . With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? The author's purpose of writing this passage is .

文章的主旨和大意 出题方式主要有主题型、标题型和目的型. 利用略读的技巧. 需要特别指出的是，标题型虽然与主题句密切相关，但它们又有区别，找到了主题句不一定能找对标题。因为标题常常隐含于主题句之中，主题句只能使考生在定标题的时候有所启发，考生只能根据主题句进行再抽象，然后找到标题。主题句对整篇起到统帅作用，而标题是整篇表现的对象。主题句语义明确，而标题则内含较深。

Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off, usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether. The most common reason that procrastinators themselves give for their habit, which they are usually quite willing to talk about even if not willing to change, is that they are lazy. Other typical excuses are that they are undisciplined, brilliant but disorganized, or very poor at organizing their time.     Some procrastinators, however, almost against their very nature, actually get as far as trying to do something about their problem and seek help. Recent research with such people seems to suggest that their difficulties are much more complex than the procrastinators themselves think. The general conclusions are that such people have a vulnerable sense of self-worth, are particularly fearful of failure, and deliberately put things off precisely so that they never leave themselves time to produce their best work. The reason for their delaying tactics is that, since they do everything at the last moment and under pressure, the procrastinators can retain their illusion of brilliance without ever having to put it to the test.

A suitable title for this passage might be _____ A suitable title for this passage might be _____ . ［A］ The Chronic Habit of Procrastination ［B］ Procrastination: Exercises and Reality ［C］ Disorganization, the True Cause of Procrastination ［D］ Procrastination: Never Do Today What You Can Put Off Until Tomorrow

The word “…” (in line …) most probably means _____ The word “…” (in line …) most probably means _____ . The expression stands for The phrase suggests According to passage, what is “…”? From the passage, we can infer that the word “…” is _____ . As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests _____ . By “…”,the writer (probably) means _____ . The author uses the phrase “…” to illustrate _____ . What does the author probably mean by “…” in …Paragraph?

判断超纲词汇和短语的意义 根据构词法推断词义 根据上下文推断词义 . 1.利用定义或重述 2.利用相关信息 3.利用举例 4.利用比较、对照关系 5.利用常识性知识

利用定义或重述 The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. ……

Martha Graham founded the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance  Martha Graham founded the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance. Her classes were used as a laboratory for her stage works, and her stage works in turn were a means for attracting new pupils to her school,a sort of self-winding process, with herself as the key to the development. In line 3 the author uses the phrase “a sort of self-winding process” to illustrate ［A］ the new steps Graham developed for dance ［B］ the relationship between Graham's performances and her school ［C］ the discipline demanded in Graham's school ［D］ the physical endurance of Graham's dancers

利用相关信息 Discoveries in science and ethnology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph? ［A］A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. ［B］ A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. ［C］ A person who has had no education. ［D］ An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.

利用举例 Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washingmachines, refrigerators and color televisions.

利用比较、对照关系 The hotair balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork(软木塞) in water. The word “buoyant”in this sentence most probably means ［A］ able to be used ［B］ able to move from one place to another ［C］ able to float or rise to the surface ［D］ able to carry anything

利用常识性知识  Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night. The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means _____ . ［A］ an object used for sleeping ［B］ a bay on which one can rest ［C］ a seat for second person on a motorcycle ［D］ a place for sitting

1. In line…, the word “it” refers to _____. 2 1.In line…, the word “it” refers to _____ . 2.In line…, the word “it” could best be replaced by _____ . 3.In paragraph…, the word “…” stands for _____ . 4.The word “one” (in line…) could best replaced by which of the following words? _____ . 5.It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding (following) the passage most probably discusses _____ . 6. The paragraph preceding (following) this one is probably about _____ .

句子之间的指代关系及上下文逻辑关系 句子之间的指代关系 在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如：要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象等。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。这种类型的问题一般来说难度不是很高，考生只要仔细品味上下文，一般都能看出来某行中的代词是指代前面的哪个名词。但是，需要注意的是，这类问题一般都具有一定的迷惑性。

In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

The word “it” (line 3, para. 2)most probably refers to _____ The word “it” (line 3, para. 2)most probably refers to _____ . ［A］ the lack of stable communities ［B］ the breakdown of informal information channels ［C］ the increased mobility of families ［D］ the growing number of people moving from place to place

文章各段落之间的关系 这种类型的题目一般要求考生根据所阅读的短文推测出该文章的前一段或后一段的内容。这类测试题难度较大，需要考生充分理解测试材料、分析语篇特点、仔细寻找解题依据。如果问题要求考生猜测短文之前的内容，考生就必须注意短文的开头部分；如果问题要求考生猜测短文之后的内容，考生就必须注意短文的结尾部分。

值得一提的是，在寻求解题依据时，千万不可忽视对篇章结构的分析。例如：论说文是用理由、论据来说明作者观点的，如果所选段落仅叙述其中一点，那么该段落的上、下文可能是对另一点的叙述。

When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.

The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ［A］ fire ［B］ hunting ［C］ farming ［D］ urbanization

According to the passage, who (what, where, which, when, why, how, etc 2.Which of the following is true? correct? Which of the following is false? incorrect? unusual? not included? All of the following are (not) true, are (not) mentioned except _____ . The author mentions all of the items listed below the following except _____ . The author (the writer) states that _____ .

阐述主旨的事实和有关细节 词语和句型上的转换 虽然细节题在文章中能够找到答案，但正确选项不可能与阅读材料的原句一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的思想，如同是表示否定，可以用not clever,也可以用fool，或是averagely intelligent。命题人命题时就是利用这种手法造成与原作者在选词和句型结构上不同，但意义与原文相同。也就是说原文中作者表达具体事实和细节的信息值与问题的信息值虽然在选词和句法上不同，但表达相同意义。

With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it.     And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual license fee of &83 per household.     It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years-yet the BBC'S future is now in doubt. The corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.

The world famous BBC now faces ［A］ the problem of news coverage ［B］ an uncertain prospect ［C］ inquiries by the general public ［D］ shrinkage of audience

排除式结构 问题不管是哪种形式，它们拥有一个共同点：都属于正误选择，无论是三错一对，还是三对一错。解题时可采用“对号入座”的办法，带着问题去阅读文章，找到解题范围后应立即排除明显的干扰项。然后采用“层层剥笋”的方式对余下的三、两个选择项筛选，使选择的范围越缩越小，判断问题的准确率越来越高。

The “ shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.  

According to the passage, all of the following are true except that _____ . ［A］ the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers ［B］ the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers ［C］ the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly ［D］ the trade unions seemed to play a positive role

1.According to the author, _____ . 2.In the author's opinion, _____ . 3.The author thinks (believes, suggests, deems) that _____ . 4.The author gives impression that _____ . 5.How does the author feel about _____ . 6.What is the author's opinion (idea) about ? 7.Which of the following will the author agree (disagree) with? 8.The author's attitude towards … might be summarized an one of _____ . 9.The tone of the passage can best be described as (is) _____ . 10.What is the tone (mood) of the passage? 11.Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards ?

领会作者的观点和态度 在一篇文章里，作者在陈述自己的观点时，有时直接了当，有时先介绍某一观点，而接着在后面却提出了相反的观点，表明自己的态度。因此，要正确判断作者的观点时，必须把上下文联系起来看，文章中所陈述的内容并非都代表了作者的观点。只有认真细心的阅读，才能从一句话、一个段落或一篇文章中找到已提到过的或暗示的各种观点。

作者的语气和态度往往不是直接在文章中写出来，而是通过对词汇的选择或其他修辞手段(如：嘲讽、讽刺等)体现出来。运用不同含义或具有不同感情色彩的词汇，可以表明作者对某些具体事物或问题的不同态度。因此考生要特别注意琢磨文中所使用词汇的特点，可以通过对作者使用词汇(特别是动词、形容词和副词)的分析，推断作者的思想倾向和感情，弄清作者的态度是赞成，还是反对；是肯定还是否定；是中立、冷淡还是同情、厌恶等，从而把握作者的论述基调。 练习见paper

1. The author suggests in the passage that _____ 1.The author suggests in the passage that _____ . The writer indicates in the passage that _____ . The passage implies in the passage that _____ . 2. It is implied (indicated, suggested) in the passage that _ . 3.By … the author implies (suggests, indicates) that _____ . 4.From the passage, it can be inferred that _____ . 5.We can infer (assume, deduce) that _____ . 6. An inference which may (not) be made from the passage is _____ . 7. We can learn from … that _____ . 9. Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the passage? 10. The passage appears to be … _____ . Where did this passage most probably appear? 11.Itcan be concluded from the passage that _____ . 12.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _ . The first sentence (The last paragraph) conclude 13. What can be concluded about? 14.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage (the first paragraph, the last paragraph) ?

根据材料进行一定的判断推理和引申  这类题型要求考生不仅弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是领会作者的言外之意，即文章的潜在含义。这样才能对文章的含义和作者的暗示做出合理的推断。根据这类题型特点，现将其分做暗指题、推理题和结论题。以下将分别论述这三种题型的特点及解题原则。

暗指题 暗指题的特点是体味“言外之意”，信息只能从字里行间获得。  暗指题的特点是体味“言外之意”，信息只能从字里行间获得。 解暗指题时必须注意： 1.一定要在语篇整体水平上了解全文； 2.把握文章主题重要细节； 3.分清是明述还是暗指，即：言内还是意外； 4.做选择时，排除干扰信息(次要信息、语义干扰、无关信息)，确定正确信息

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the fiveyear survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).……

The author implies that by the year 2000, _____ The author implies that by the year 2000, _____ . ［A］ there will be a drastic rise in the five year survival rate of skin cancer patients ［B］ 90 percent of the skin cancer patients today will still be living ［C］ the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers ［D］ there won't be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients

推 理 题 推理题既有别于客观事实题，又有别于暗指题。推理必须以事实为依据，但得出来的结果又绝对不是事实本身。推理题与暗指题虽然有许多相似之处，如解题的难度、思路与方法等，但它更侧重于推理。 解推理题时，一定要严格遵循逻辑规律，这类题主要测试考生的思维判断能力。解题的方法是把握住推理范围——大到段落或全文，小到词语或句子；提倡“以事实为依据”，但又不能“就事论事”。

“All men are created equal “All men are created equal.” We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _____ . ［A］ is now enjoying legal support ［B］ disagrees with the tradition of the country ［C］ was clearly stated by the country's founders ［D］ will exert great influence over court decisions

结论题 解结论题时，一定要根据题目要求就短文的有关内容范围作出合乎逻辑的可靠的结论，有时为了克服片面性可扩大阅读范围，否则获取信息的范围太窄。既要以事实为依据，也要依据自己的常识和经验；既要重视文章主题，也要重视发展主题的细节；而尤为重要的是把握住作者的写作意图。 练习见paper.

小结 文章的主旨和大意 阐述主旨的事实和有关细节 判断超纲词汇和短语的意义 个别句子的意义及上下文逻辑关系 根据材料进行一定的判断推理和引申 领会作者的观点和态度

一般解题步骤 1）快速浏览全文。 目的是初步掌握文章体裁、大意、主题、作者意图、发展过程以及主要事实，并将浏览过程发现的问题或不懂的地方用笔标出。快速浏览的功夫在平时练习中就要注意培养。 2）看问题。 有些问题较简单，看过即可选出，但主要目的是了解问题，使心中有数，为下一步阅读有的放矢地阅读做准备。这是个加快阅读速度的重要环节。 3）研读。 要求进一步仔细阅读，结合问题和第一步阅读留下的印象，在原文中找依据，认真判断，仔细研究，逐个解决答题。

阅读理解综合练习

考试注意事项 1）忌心里紧张。 在阅读过程中，不可避免地会出现一些生词、一些初读时难解的问题。这时如果情绪紧张慌乱，必然越读越糊涂，不知所云，因此充满自信、沉着冷静是做好阅读理解的先决条件。 2）忌不带问题阅读。 不了解问题，阅读时无的放矢，全面开花，毫无重点，白白浪费精力和时间，影响做题速度。

3）忌凭主观印象和生活常识答题。 有些试题只根据生活常识就可判断出答案，但大部分试题则要求考生根据原文提供的依据作出正确的判断。考生切不可想当然或主观臆断、自作主张。 4）阅读理解的平时训练。 掌握阅读理解部分的主要出题方式和解题技巧固然极为重要，但这还不是问题的全部，更不等于这部分一定能拿高分。考生还必须进行经常、大量的阅读速度和技巧的基本训练，才能达到预定目标。