The Participle as Adverbial

分词的语态 1 ）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示 被动 e.g.: He is the man giving you the money. （ = who gave you… ）他就是给你钱的那个人。 He is the man stopped by the car. （ = who was stopped by… ）他就是那个被车拦 住的人。

2 ）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经 发生， e.g.: gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 等。 e.g.: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书 的人 a much-traveled man 一个去过许多 地方的人 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火

判断下列句子是否正确： Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head. Looking out of the window, there are lots of people in the street. When using computer, the password must be remembered. Being a pop fan, Jay Chou is her favorite.

悬垂分词 ”dangling participle: 逻辑主语不一致，不搭配 = 汉语无无主 语句 After jumping out of a boat,. A. the shark bites the man B. the shark bit the man C. the man was bitten by a shark D. the man is bitten by a shark

Analysis: I am not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks. Good relationships are hard to find and once developed should be nurtured.

单独的分词（短语）作状语： 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关 键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句 的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反 之就用过去分词。 e.g.: Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去 很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。

将状语从句改为分词作状语分三步： 1. 去掉连词 ; 2. 去掉主语； 3. 将从句中谓语动词改为分词形式（从 句为主动语态时，用现在分词；从句 为被动语态时，用过去分词）。 We have met with success because we are led by our Party. Led by our Party, we have met with success.

Exercises:  When I arrived home, I found the door was locked. Arriving home, I found the door locked.

There was a mutual attraction between my sister and a trainee, who worked at her office. Both of them were very shy and could barely even speak to each other. During an office party, my sister went into the kitchen to get a drink. And the trainee followed her into it. After he opened the freezer, he took out some ice, and place it on the work surface and began smashing it with a tin of coffee. He smiled and explained, “I just want to break the ice between us.” There was a mutual attraction…..a trainee working at her Office. Hover, both being shy, they could…..other. During an office party, my sister went… and the trainee followed. Opening the freezer, he took…..coffee. Smiling, he explained,…

独立分词结构 1. “ n. + participle” 作 状语： 独立分词结构：逻辑主语不一致，分词 动作的执行者（发出者）与谓语动作的 执行者（发出者）不一致，分词有自己 独立的主语。 ( 为独立主格结构的一种）

Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow. (if weather permits,...) Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (since nobody had any more to say,…) The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity. ( 改错） The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man was Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15 th century.

(n.+) 分词 作状语的意义： 1. 表条件： Given more time, I would be able to complete it. = if I were given more time, I would be able to complete it. If seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. (‘If’ can be omitted)

2. 表时间： Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn. = after he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn. Reading the letter, she burst out crying. = as she read the letter, she burst out crying. Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful. = when you are riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.

3. 表原因： Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. = because I don’t know what to do, I want to ask … It being so nice a day, let’s go out for a walk. = since it is so nice a day, let’s go out for a walk. Clint, horrified at what he had done, could at first say noting.

4. 表让步： Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy. = though he was mocked at by everybody,… Though understanding no Japanese, Charles was able to communicate with them.

5. 表结果： 表结果时，一般放在句末，否则意义会不 同 比较： Finding he was absent, I went home. ( 表时间 ) I went home, finding he was absent. （表结果） It rained for three days, completely ruining our holiday. In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other and merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monop

6. 表方式： She came running hurriedly into her husband’s office one morning. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.

7. 表补充说明或伴随： I was talking on the radio, telling the guys to bring in resources, activating rapid mobilizations from around the city, calling in cops from every precinct (bureau).

独立分词结构 2. “ with+ n. + participle” 作状语：  A car roared past, with smoke pouring from the exhaust. 与 “n. + 分词 ” 结果的区别： 意义上只表示： 1. 伴随，补充说明，举例 2. 表示原因

1. 表补充说明等：  Mobile phones have broken many social taboos, with people answering calls in the middle of a conversation or chatting away on the toilet.  With more than 3 million hardcover copies __ (sell) in its first two years of publication, Who Moved My Cheese? Has become an amazing best-seller, __(top) the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Business Week and USA Today lists.

2. 表示原因： Good timekeeping is becoming a forgotten social etiquette, with a new generation considering lateness the norm rather than a faux pas that should be avoid.

固定搭配： 1. 副词 + speaking: Generally speaking, strictly speaking, broadly speaking… Strictly speaking, this is not a right answer.

2. 分词 + 介词： judging from, considering of, allowing for ( 考虑到）， taking sth into consideration Taking of e.g.: Allowing for her inexperience, she has done a great job.

3. 分词 + （ that ）从句： seeing that…(=since 既然） considering that… 既然 supposing that …(=if 假如） granting that..(=though 尽管） allowing that.. ( 考虑到） e.g.: Granting that he has mad a mistake, he is not to blame, for he intended to help us.

Exercises:  Before singing the school song, ___. A. A poem was recited B. recited a poem C. they recited a poem D. they have recited a poem  ___, we went swimming. A. Being a hot day B. Due to a hot day C. It was a hot day D. The day being hot

Bob was lying on the beach, his hand___ under his head. A. Were crossing B. were crossed C. crossing D. crossed

_____, a man who express himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A. Other thing being equal B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

___ in this way, the situation doesn’t seen so disappointing. A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at