中国法律制度 CHINESE LEGAL SYSTEM Kepan Gao 高可攀 MCLS - Chinese Classes (Advanced Stream )
上节回顾 Recap 刑法,基本原则,管辖(Jurisdiction) 犯罪的构成(The elements of a crime ) 中国刑事司法制度概况 严打(The Crackdown) 死刑复核制度 (Judicial review system on death penalty)
第七周:行政法 Week 7: Administrative Law
行政法 Administrative Law 行政主体 Administrative Body 《中华人民共和国普通护照和出入境通行证签发管理办法》第二条 本办法适用于公民向公安机关出入境管理机构申请 普通护照和出入境通行证。 Where citizens apply to the entry-exit administrative body of the public security organ for regular passport or entry-exit pass, these Measures shall apply. --- Article 2 Administrative Measures for the Issuance of the Regular Passport and the Entry-Exit Pass 行政行为 Administrative Conduct 第六条 公安机关出入境管理机构对符合签发规定的,以公安部出入境管理机构的名义签发普通护照 … If the application satisfies the relevant requirements for issuance, a regular passport shall be issued in the name of the entry-exit administrative body under the Ministry of Public Security 行政后果 Administrative Consequence 第六条 对不符合规定不予签发的,应当向申请人书面说明理由,并告知申请人享有依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼 的权利。 … shall explain the reasons to the applicant in written form, and shall notify the applicant that he has the right to petition for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.
行政法 Administrative Law 实体内容(Substantial part): 《护照法》 第四条 普通护照由公安部出入境管理机构或者公安部委托的县级以上地方人民政府公安机 关出入境管理机构以及中华人民共和国驻外使馆、领馆和外交部委托的其他驻外机构签发。 Article 4 Ordinary passports shall be issued by the entry-exit control department of the Ministry of Public Security or by the entry-exit control departments of the public security organs under the people's governments at or above the county level authorized by the Ministry of Public Security, or the embassies or consulates of the People's Republic of China, or other missions overseas authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 《条例》第一条 为了规范中华人民共和国普通护照和出入境通行证的申请、审批签发和管理,保障 中华人民共和国公民申请普通护照和出入境通行证的权利,根据《中华人民共和国护照法》(以下简 称护照法)的规定,制定本办法。 Article 1 To regulate the application, examination, approval, issuance and administration of regular passports and entry-exit passes of the People's Republic of China and protect the right of the citizens of the People's Republic of China to apply for regular passports and entry-exit passes, these Measures are made pursuant to the Passport Law of the People's Republic of China
行政法 Administrative Law 程序内容(Procedural part) 《护照法》 第六条 公民申请普通护照,应当提交本人的居民身份证、户口簿、近期免冠照片以 及申请事由的相关材料。 《条例》 第三条 公民申请普通护照,应当由本人向其户籍所在地县级以上地方人民政府公安 机关出入境管理机构提出,并提交下列真实有效的材料: (一)近期免冠照片一张以及填写完整的《中国公民因私出国(境)申请表》(以下简称申请表); (二)居民身份证和户口簿及复印件 (三)未满十六周岁的公民,应当由其监护人陪同,并提交其监护人出具的同意出境的意见、监护人的 居民身份证或者户口簿、护照及复印件; (四)国家工作人员应当按照有关规定,提交本人所属工作单位或者上级主管单位按照人事管理权限审 批后出具的同意出境的证明; (五)省级地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构报经公安部出入境管理机构批准,要求提交的其他材 料。
行政法 Administrative Law 救济内容 (remedial part) 行政复议法 Administrative Reconsideration Law 行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedure Law 国家赔偿法 Law on State Compensation
行政行为 Administrative Conduct 抽象行政行为 - 行政立法行为 执行性立法 《护照法》与《中华人民共和国普通护照和出入境通行证签发管理办法》 自主性立法 为了保障公民的知情权,国务院制定了于 2008 年 5 月 1 日生效的《政府信息公开条例》 Regulation on the Disclosure of Government Information 授权性立法 经全国人大常委会授权,1993年国务院制定了《国家公务员暂行条例》(Temporary Regulation on Civil Servant)。2006 年 1 月 1 日《公务员法》生效施行,《国家公务员暂行条例》同时废止。 犯罪刑罚,政治权利,人身自由和司法制度除外 具体行政行为
行政复议 Administrative Reconsideration 《行政复议法》 第二条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益,向行政机关提 出行政复议申请,行政机关受理行政复议申请、作出行政复议决定,适用本法。 This Law is applicable to a citizen, legal person or any other organization who considers that his or its lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by a specific administrative act and applies for administrative reconsideration to an administrative organ which accepts the application for administrative reconsideration and makes a decision of administrative reconsideration. 一般管辖 General Jurisdiction 政府 部门 特殊管辖 Special Jurisdiction 派出机关 派出机构 授权组织
行政诉讼 Administrative Lawsuit 人民法院受理公民、法人或者其他组织提起的下列诉讼: (一)行政处罚 Administrative sanction 拘留、暂扣或者吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收违法所得、没收非法财物、罚款、警 告等行政处罚不服的(administrative detention, the withholding or revocation of a license or permit, an order to stop production and operations, confiscation of unlawful gains, confiscation of illegal property, fines or warnings) (二)行政强制措施 Compulsory administrative measures 对限制人身自由或者对财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施和行政强制执行 (limits on personal freedom or the sealing, seizing or freezing of property) (三)申请行政许可(administrative permit) (四)对行政机关作出的关于确认所有权 (determination of ownership or usage rights) (五)对征收、征用决定及其补偿决定不服的 (expropriation, requisition or the compensation); (六)不作为; (七)其它
信访制度 Letter and Visit System “人民来信来访” 《宪法》 第四十一条 中华人民共和国公民对于任何国家机关和国家工作人员,有提出批评和建议 的权利;对于任何国家机关和国家工作人员的违法失职行为,有向有关国家机关提出申诉、 控告或者检举的权利,但是不得捏造或者歪曲事实进行诬告陷害。 Article 41 Citizens of the People’s Republic of China have the right to criticize and make suggestions regarding any state organ or functionary. Citizens have the right to make to relevant state organs complaints or charges against, or exposures of, any state organ or functionary for violation of the law or dereliction of duty; but fabrication or distortion of facts for purposes of libel or false incrimination is prohibited.
信访制度 Letter and Visit System 《信访条例》 第二条 本条例所称信访,是指公民、法人或者其他组织采用书信、电子邮件、传真、电话、 走访等形式,向各级人民政府、县级以上人民政府工作部门反映情况,提出建议、意见或 者投诉请求,依法由有关行政机关处理的活动 Article 2 The term "letters and visits" in these Regulations means that citizens, legal persons or other organizations give information, make comments or suggestions or lodge complaints to the people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level through correspondence, E-mails, faxes, phone calls, visits, and so on, which are dealt with by the relevant administrative departments according to law.
信访制度 Letter and Visit System 弊端 地方政府 人治 Rule by people 无效
户籍制度 Household Registration System 《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》 Regulations on Household Registration 第二条 中华人民共和国公民,都应当依照本条例的规定履行户口登记。
户籍制度 Household Registration System
户籍制度 Household Registration System 第一,人口信息的收集与管理。 第二,资源分配功能。 住房,医疗,教育,就业以及养老救济等方面 第三,调节人口流动。
占海特事件