Quality Review 质量检查

Agenda 议程

Introducing ACCA ACCA简介 ACCA’s Quality review clients ACCA质量检查对象 Introducing Sha Ali Khan 介绍演讲人沙.阿里.汗 Regulatory structure in the United Kingdom 英国监管体制 Relationship between ACCA and government ACCA与政府的关系 ACCA quality review methodology: principles ACCA质量检查方法：原则 ACCA quality review methodology: overview ACCA质量检查方法：概况 Structure of a quality review visit 质量检查（实地走访）的构成

Selection of reviewers 挑选检查员 ACCA reviewers: interpersonal skills ACCA检查员：人际关系技巧 ACCA reviewers: training ACCA检查员：培训 Assessment of result of quality review 质量检查结果的评价 Basis of audit file assessment 审计档案评价的基础 Overall assessment of the quality review 质量检查的总体评价 Regulatory action: future licensing vs. punishment 监管行为：未来执业执照与惩戒

ACCA’s disciplinary sanctions ACCA’s licensing sanctions ACCA执业执照处罚 Regulatory action: no public interest 监管行动：无公众利益 Publicity 对外公布 International trends in quality review 质量检查的国际趋势 Concluding remarks 结束语

ACCA 特许公认会计师公会

United Kingdom based global accountancy body 以英国为总部的全球性会计职业组织 122,000 members and 325,000 students 拥有122,000 名会员和325,000名学员 35,000 members work in public practice globally 在全球公开执业的会员有35,000 Recognised audit regulator under UK and Irish Law 英国和爱尔兰法律认可的审计监管者

Regulates 5,000 partners/directors in UK and Irish audit firms 监管在英国和爱尔兰审计事务所工作的5,000名合伙人（董事） Has undertaken quality review since 1991 自1991年起进行质量检查 Undertakes quality review for 10 other bodies under contract 根据相关合约为其他10家组织进行质量检查

ACCA’s quality review clients

Dubai Financial Services Authority 迪拜金融服务局 UK Audit Commission 英国审计委员会 Dubai Financial Services Authority 迪拜金融服务局 Professional accountancy body regulators of: 是下列职业会计组织的监管者 Cyprus 塞浦路斯 Botswana 博茨瓦纳 Kenya 肯尼亚 Malawi 马拉维 Zambia 赞比亚 Barbados 巴巴多斯 Guyana 圭亚那 Trinidad 特立尼达

Sha Ali Khan 沙.阿里.汗

Trained and qualified as an auditor with Price Waterhouse London 在伦敦普华会计师事务所培训并取得审计师资格 13 years audit experience 拥有13年审计经验 Worked for Canadian insurance company in UK 曾任职于加拿大保险公司的英国分部 Joined ACCA as quality reviewer in 1991 1991年加入ACCA成为质量检查员 Personally undertook over 300 audit quality reviews when he was a quality reviewer 担任质量检查员时完成了300多次审计质量检查 Now Head of Practice Monitoring (Quality Review) Department 目前担任执业监管（质量检查）部主管

Regulatory structure in the United Kingdom 英国监管体制

Development constrained by historic structures 沿袭历史结构的发展 Auditor must hold qualification from one of four institutes (includes ACCA) 审计师必须具有来自包括ACCA在内的4家协会的资格之一 Law amended in 1989 to require institutes to have quality review Auditors 1989年法律经修改后要求会计师协会配备从事质量检查的审计师 Further developments effected after Enron and US Sarbanes-Oxley legislation 在安然事件及美国实行萨班斯法案后有了进一步发展 Presently Financial Reporting Council responsible for oversight of the accounting and actuarial professions 目前财务报告理事会负责会计和精算行业的监管

Relationship between ACCA and government

ACCA consulted by Government Department of Business, Supervison and oversight of ACCA delegated to Professional Oversight Board ACCA受英国职业监管委员会的监督 ACCA consulted by Government Department of Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform on changes to legislation and infrastructure 政府的商业、企业和监管改革部门就法律和基础设施的变化问题征求ACCA的意见 Oversight exercised by Professional Oversight Board 英国职业监管委员会执行监督 Rulebook amendments 规则修订 Licensing 执业执照 Discipline 惩戒 Quality Review 质量检查

ACCA quality review methodology: principles 原则

Understanding the firm, its clients and its quality control policies and procedures 了解事务所、其客户和质量控制政策及程序 Assessing compliance with International Standard on Quality Control No. 1 issued by IAASB 评价对国际审计与鉴证准则理事会（IAASB）发布的国际质量控制准则第1号的遵循情况 Examination of audit files and assessment of compliance with auditing standards (ISA) 检查审计档案并评价国际审计准则的遵循情况 Methodology designed to comply with SMO1 issued by IFAC 按照IFAC发布的会员义务公告第1号（SMO1）的要求设计检查方法

ACCA quality review methodology: overview 概况

Six year cycle 6年一个循环 Early revisit and warning where considered necessary 必要时提前回访并给予警告 Firm can lose its audit licence after 3 monitoring visits with unsatisfactory outcomes 如果事务所经3次检查均不合格就有可能失去审计执业资格 If failure to comply jeopardises public interest, immediate regulatory action taken by ACCA 如拒不改正且危害公众利益，ACCA将立即采取监管行动 Considerable emphasis given on helping firms to improve standards of work 十分强调帮助事务所提高工作水准

Structure of a quality review visit 质量检查（实地走访）的构成

Visit allocation 检查工作的分配 Visit plan and confirmation 检查计划及其确认 Opening meeting 第一次会议 File examination 档案的审查 Closing meeting 总结会议 Report 报告 Regulatory action (if necessary) 监管行动（如有必要）

Selection of reviewers 检查员的挑选

Recruit from audit managers in practice 从执业的审计经理中招聘 Required to become full time ACCA employees 要求成为ACCA全职工作人员 No private work allowed 不允许私自承接工作 Strength of personality 人格力量 Ability to exercise sound professional judgement 做出良好职业判断的能力 Ability to write reports 撰写报告的能力

ACCA reviewers: interpersonal skills 人际关系技巧

Strong personality essential 最根本的是个性鲜明 Ability to take control at meetings and not be intimidated 在会议中能够取得控制权且不胆怯 Ability to ask open questions and not prejudge issues 能够提出开放式的问题且不会带有偏见 No aggressive personalities 不是咄咄逼人的性格

ACCA reviewers: training 培训

Auditing expertise already acquired – no audit training necessary 已具有审计技能 – 不需再培训 Quality review taught on-the-job 在工作中学习质量检查 All reviewers required to keep up to date on technical matters 要求所有检查员在技术问题上保持更新 Some specialist training organised by ACCA annually ACCA每年组织一些专家培训 Reviewers also attend external courses 检查员也参加外部培训 Department training budget is sufficient 部门培训预算充足

Assessment of result of quality review 质量检查结果的评价

Four stage assessment 分为4个阶段的评价 Assessment of firms quality control policies and procedures (ISQC1) 评价事务所的质量控制政策和程序（ISQC1） Assessment of compliance with IFAC Code of Ethics 评价IFAC职业道德守则的遵循情况 Assessment of individual files 评价单独（业务）档案 Overall assessment of monitoring visit based on the above 自上述基础上对检查做出总体评价

Basis of audit file assessment 审计档案评价的基础

“Perfect” audit files do not exist “完美”的审计档案（业务）并不存在 Always some deficiencies 总有一些缺陷 ACCA reviewers assess deficiencies ACCA检查员评价其缺陷 If, as a result of one of more deficiencies, a material misstatement may remain undetected, then file is assessed as unsatisfactory 如果其中一项缺陷造成一项重大错报未被发现，该档案（业务）则被认定为不令人满意 Therefore assessment of audit can be unsatisfactory even if there is only one deficiency 因此审计评价的结果可能仅因为只有一项缺陷也被认定为不令人满意

Overall assessment of the quality review 质量检查的总体评价

Substantial compliance with ISQC1 required Substantial compliance with IFAC Code of Ethics required 要求实质遵循IFAC职业道德守则 All audit files inspected must be assessed as satisfactory 所有被检查的审计档案必须被评价为令人满意

Regulatory action: future licensing vs. punishment 监管行为： 未来执业执照与惩戒

ACCA differentiates between future licensing and punishment Above distinction made taking into account public interest and whether clients or others have suffered loss 上述区分考虑到公众利益及客户或其他人是否蒙受损失 If clients or others have suffered loss, disciplinary and licensing action considered immediately 如客户或其他人蒙受损失，将立即考虑采取惩戒和涉及执照的处罚行动

ACCA’s disciplinary sanctions

Reprimand 谴责 Severe reprimand 严厉谴责 Fine up to £50,000 (US$100,000) 最高处以50,000英镑 (100,000美元)的罚款 Exclusion from ACCA membership 取消ACCA会员资格

ACCA’s licensing sanctions

Warning 警告 Order to undertake training 强制培训 Supervision of work by another auditor 由另一位审计师监督其工作 Prohibition on taking new clients 禁止承接新客户 Removal of licence 吊销执业执照

Regulatory action: no public interest 监管行动： 无公众利益

First unsatisfactory monitoring visit 第一次检查不能令人满意 Warning from Practice Monitoring Department 执业监管部发出警告 Further visit within one or two years 在一、两年内再次检查 Second unsatisfactory monitoring visit 第二次检查不能令人满意 Warning from Admissions & Licensing Committee 准入和执照委员会发出警告 Audit work to be reviewed by a training company approved by ACCA 由ACCA认可的一家培训公司检查其审计工作 Pay contribution to cost of next visit 负担下次检查的费用 Third unsatisfactory monitoring visit 第三次检查不能令人满意 Removal of audit licence 吊销执业执照

Publicity 对外公布

All Disciplinary (punishment) Committee decisions published in the press, naming the partner and firm 所有惩戒（处罚）委员会的决定都向媒体公布，包括合伙人和事务所的名字 Decisions by Admissions & Licensing Committee not normally published 准入和执照委员会的决定一般不予公布 UK has considered – but rejected – US style publication https://www.pcaobus.org/inspections.public_reports/index.aspx 英国曾考虑采用美国式的公布方式，但已否决 见网站https://www.pcaobus.org/inspections.public_reports/index.aspx

International trends in quality review 质量检查的国际趋势

Motivation to implement quality review 开展质量检查的动因 IFAC membership obligation IFAC会员义务 Enron / public confidence 安然事件影响及公众信心 European Union directive 欧盟指令 Peer review abandoned for auditors of Public Interest Entities (e.g. US and Germany) 放弃对公众利益实体审计师的同业互查（美国和德国） Use of audit practitioners for quality review of auditors of Public Interest Entities is being discouraged (European Commission recommendation) 不鼓励由审计执业人员对公众利益实体审计师进行质量检查（欧盟建议） Increasing independent public oversight where accountancy body retains responsibility (e.g. UK, Poland, Cyprus) 会计职业组织仍负责检查，但独立公众监督日益加强（如英国、波兰、塞浦路斯）

Concluding remarks 结束语

Quality review is being implemented internationally and existing national systems are being strengthened 国际上普遍进行质量检查，各国的检查制度也日益强化 Very impressed with CICPA’s achievement in quality review 对中注协在质量检查方面的成就印象深刻 Welcome opportunities for CICPA and ACCA to work together in future on Qualitry Review for mutual benefit 欢迎中注协和ACCA今后在质量检查方面开展互利合作

THANK YOU 谢谢