Unit 9 World in the Web

World in the Web Warm-up Reading Language in Use Homework Project Culture Tips

How has internet changed your life? Discuss in groups. Warm-up Watch the video “April Fool’s Day in the Internet Age”. What tricks did the websites play? How are they different from the past? How has internet changed your life? Discuss in groups. BACK

Task 1 Pre-reading Activities Task 2 Reading Comprehension Task 3 After-reading Activities BACK

Discuss the following questions in groups: Reading Task 1 Pre-reading Activities Discuss the following questions in groups: In what way has the Internet made our life easier or less convenient? Imagine life in the next 20 years. How do you think the Internet will further change our lives? BACK

Out There in Cyberspace Reading Task 2 Reading Comprehension Out There in Cyberspace 1 Cyberspace is known by various names, such as the Web, the Matrix and the Net. Cyberspace describes all of the information, electronic mail, bulletin boards and discussion groups. It is an electronic communication system that uses computers, phone lines, modems and satellites to interconnect people and their machines. Cyberspace includes the Internet, which has no central computer and functions as a high-speed global backbone for computer networks everywhere.

Reading Out There in Cyberspace 2 The recent years have seen rapid growth in the Internet use. This is particularly the case in the developed world, where access to the Internet is easy and relatively cheap.1.______________ Now the Internet has millions of users worldwide. And this growth is clearly going to continue. 3 So what is the future of the Internet going to be like? Some experts are pessimistic about the future. One worry is the activities of cybercrime. Even now, young hackers can get into the computer systems of banks and governments. In future, cyberfraudsters may deceive people in order to gain money and power. Cyberterrorists may use the Internet to damage computers to cause chaos, and make planes and trains crash.

Reading Out There in Cyberspace 4 However, many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet. Working lives and leisure time are being changed completely for millions of people. With the development of multimedia software, people can click their mouse on a page, view a film clip and listen to music at the same time. Messages are being sent to people all over the planet from other people who have access to the Internet. 2._________________The way we do business and shop are being changed by electronic commerce. The Internet has become an essential part of life at our universities, offices, schools and homes.

Reading Out There in Cyberspace 5 Some specialists see our future in virtual reality—the use of computers with sound and images that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. “Personally, I think simulated reality will become a part of modern life,” says Australian expert Peter Anderson. “I see people living and working in a virtual world. 3._________________”

Reading Out There in Cyberspace 6 Why do people want to be “on the Internet”? Some of us need it to work, some of us need it to study and some of us need it for pleasure. But, one of the main reasons is it changes the way we live. As more and more people log on the Internet, it has undoubtedly changed the way people think and feel about each other and the world around us. When we begin to look at the ways it has changed society, we can clearly see many reasons to its assimilation into modern life. First, it has given people a new way to communicate, through e-mail and webcams. 4.______________ And finally, not only in the virtual sense has it changed the world but also in the physical sense. Millions of jobs have been created by way of the Internet; the economy and the way people purchase things have also changed.

Reading Out There in Cyberspace 7 5.________________ It is a free form of expression to the masses. Anyone with a home computer can now have a dedicated web page for anything that they would like to have on it. From views on their favorite movies to the state of the government, all can be found on the Internet. Therefore, the Internet has become a staple in society and will continue to influence our lives in a productive way. 8 Nothing will ever be looked at the same as before the Internet. The Internet as a whole, unlike the phone system, doesn’t charge for long-distance service. In fact the “Internet” itself, which doesn’t even officially exist as an entity, never “charges” for anything. The Internet belongs to everyone and no one. BACK

e.g. Such people are the backbone of the country. Reading Words & Expressions 1. backbone n. the most important part of an organization or group of people 骨干，中坚 e.g. Such people are the backbone of the country. BACK

e.g. If that’s the case, you’ll have to work harder. Reading Words & Expressions 2. case n. actual state of affairs; situation 实情，情况 e.g. If that’s the case, you’ll have to work harder. BACK

e.g. Students must have access to a good library. Reading Words & Expressions 3. access n. opportunity or right to use sth. 使用某物的机会或权利 e.g. Students must have access to a good library. BACK

on the Internet in order to gain money, power, etc. 网络骗子 Reading Words & Expressions 4. cyberfraudster n. a person who deceives people on the Internet in order to gain money, power, etc. 网络骗子 e.g. The Internet has given birth to the cyberfraudster. BACK

a state of complete disorder and confusion 混乱；无秩序状态 Reading Words & Expressions 5. chaos n. a state of complete disorder and confusion 混乱；无秩序状态 e.g. The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads. BACK

to (cause to) have a sudden, violent, and noisy accident （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁 Reading Words & Expressions 6. crash v. to (cause to) have a sudden, violent, and noisy accident （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁 e.g. The plane crashed into the sea. BACK

previous experience essential. Reading Words & Expressions 7. essential adj. extremely important and necessary 必要的，不可缺少的，最重要的 Secretary Wanted: previous experience essential. BACK

not real, but made to look, sound, or feel real 伪装的，模仿的 Reading Words & Expressions 8. simulated adj. not real, but made to look, sound, or feel real 伪装的，模仿的 e.g. The movie’s simulated tropical storm used up huge quantities of water. BACK

used for saying that sth. is certainly true or is Reading Words & Expressions 9. undoubtedly adv. used for saying that sth. is certainly true or is accepted by everyone 无疑地，肯定地 e.g. The painting is undoubtedly genuine. BACK

the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group 融合，同化 Reading Words & Expressions 10. assimilation n. the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group 融合，同化 assimilate v. e.g. The USA has assimilated people from many different countries. BACK

relating to real objects that you can touch, see, or feel 物质的 Reading Words & Expressions 11. physical adj. relating to real objects that you can touch, see, or feel 物质的 e.g. the physical world around us the physical environment BACK

e.g. They purchased a large house. Reading Words & Expressions 12. purchase v. to buy sth. 购买 e.g. They purchased a large house. BACK

all the ordinary people in society who do not have Reading Words & Expressions 13. the masses all the ordinary people in society who do not have power or influence 劳动者阶层 e.g. Leaders should trust and rely on the masses. BACK

made for or used for only one particular purpose 专 用的 Reading Words & Expressions 14. dedicated adj. made for or used for only one particular purpose 专 用的 e.g. a dedicated word processor BACK

the main product that is produced in a country 主要 产品 Reading Words & Expressions 15. staple n. the main product that is produced in a country 主要 产品 e.g. Cotton is one of Egypt’s staples. BACK

causing or resulting in sth. 造成某种结果的；产生 某种事物的 Reading Words & Expressions 16. productive adj. causing or resulting in sth. 造成某种结果的；产生 某种事物的 e.g. The changes were not productive of better labor relations. BACK

to ask someone to pay for sth. you are selling 收费 Reading Words & Expressions 17. charge v. to ask someone to pay for sth. you are selling 收费 e.g. I’m not going there again—they charged me ￡1 for a cup of coffee! ￡1 BACK

things with distinct and real existence 实体 Reading Words & Expressions 17. entity n. things with distinct and real existence 实体 e.g. The mind and the body are seen as separate entities. BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 网络空间的世界 1 网络空间有很多不同的名称，如万维网、矩阵、互联网等。网络空间意指全世界的互联网终端用户共享的电子邮件、电子公告、讨论社区等各种信息。网络空间是一种通过电脑、电话线、调制解调器、卫星等把人们与电脑连接起来的电子通讯系统。网络空间包含因特网，因特网没有主机，是世界各地所有电脑的高速国际联络主要支柱。 BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 2 近年来，因特网的使用量快速增长，在发达国家尤其如此，发达国家的因特网使用更加方便、便宜。在20世纪80年代，因特网的使用者只有几百人。现在，全世界拥有数以百万计的因特网使用者，并且使用者还会越来越多。 3 那么因特网的未来是什么样的呢？一些专家对因特网的未来持悲观态度。他们的担忧之一就是网络犯罪。即使在当前，年轻的黑客仍然能够非法侵入银行和政府的电脑系统。今后，网络诈骗分子也可能通过欺骗的手段来获取金钱和权力。网络恐怖分子可能会利用因特网毁坏电脑系统以制造混乱，甚至制造飞机失事和火车事故。 BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 4 然而，很多人对因特网的前景仍持乐观态度。数以百万人的工作生活和休闲方式发生了巨变。随着多媒体软件的发展，人们可以用鼠标轻点屏幕，就可以同时看电影，欣赏音乐。只要能上网，就能将信息传播给世界各地的人们。使用搜索引擎，就可以下载任何信息。电子商务也改变了我们做生意和买东西的方式。因特网已经成为大学、机关、学校和家庭生活不可缺少的一部分。 BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 5 一些专家已经预见了未来的虚拟现实世界——利用电脑声音和图像来虚拟仿真，可以制造出让人身临其境的感觉。澳大利亚专家彼得· 安德森说：“我个人认为虚拟现实将会成为现代生活的一部分。我认为人们将在虚拟世界中生活和工作。我们将在虚拟办公室办公，在虚拟超市购物，甚至在虚拟学校中学习。” BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 6 为什么人们那么想“上网”呢？一些人需要上网工作，一些人需要上网学习，还有一些人需要上网娱乐。但是，最主要的原因是网络改变了我们的生活方式。越来越多的人登陆网络，这无疑改变了人们的思维方式和看待周围世界的态度。当我们开始关注网络如何改变社会时，我们会清晰地发现有很多原因使得网络融为现代生活的一部分。首先，人们通过电子邮件和网络视频改变了交流方式。其次，它是一个现代图书馆，人们可以搜索到任何想象得到的事物。最后，网络不仅在虚拟意义上而且在现实意义上改变了世界。因特网创造了数以百万的工作机会，也极大地改变了经济和人们的购物方式。 BACK

Reading 网络空间的世界 7 现在，因特网也被看成一种新的表达方式——自由。对大众来说，它是一种自由表达的方式。只要家里有一台电脑，任何人都能创建一个自己的网页，把任何自己想表达的东西放上去。从人们对自己最喜爱的电影的评论到对政府现状的看法，什么都能在因特网上找到。因此，因特网已成为社会的主要组成部分，并将继续大力影响人们的生活。 8 自从有了因特网，所有事物都被赋予了不同的意义。与电话系统不同，总的说来，因特网并不对远程服务收费。事实上，“因特网”本身，作为一个并不存在的实体，从未征收过费用。因特网既属于所有人，又不属于任何人。 BACK

b. In the 1980s, there were only hundreds of users. Reading Task 3 After-reading Activities 1. The following sentences are taken from the text. Put them back in the correct place. a. We will work in virtual offices, shop in virtual supermarkets, and we will even study in virtual schools. b. In the 1980s, there were only hundreds of users. c. Secondly, it is a sort of modern library where anything imaginable can be researched. d. The Internet is now also seen as a new form of expression—freedom. e. Information can be easily downloaded using a search engine. 3 1 4 5 2

2. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. Reading Task 3 After-reading Activities 2. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. Do you feel pessimistic or optimistic about the Internet future? Why? What do you think about the relation of cyberspace freedom and protection of privacy? BACK

Task 1 Grammar Development Language in Use Task 1 Grammar Development Task 2 Vocabulary Building BACK

Type 1 Conditional & Type 2 Conditional Language in Use Task 1 Grammar Development Type 1 Conditional & Type 2 Conditional Type 1 Conditional Type 1 conditional is used to discuss things that will probably happen in the future as the result of something else that happens in the present. The first conditional consists of two clauses, one with If + simple present verb and the second with simple future verb, as in, "If you do something bad, something bad will happen to you." We can also use the first conditional to make predictions about the future. For example, we can predict that "If my brother crashes the car tonight, my mother will be furious.”

Task 1 Grammar Development Language in Use Task 1 Grammar Development Type 2 Conditional Type 2 conditional refers to present and future situations. It is used to talk about unreal—impossible, improbable or imaginary— situations. It refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. Type 2 conditional consists of two clauses, one with if + subject + simple past verb and the second with subject + would + verb, as in, “I would buy a big house if I had a million dollars. ” BACK

Formation of Computer Vocabulary Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building Formation of Computer Vocabulary 1、词义转移、引申 许多计算机英语词汇从普通英语中转移过来,词义转移或引申是 构建计算机英语词汇的一种常见的方法。 例如, wake up(叫醒某人)现引申为“激活”的意思。bridge原意 为桥，现引申为“网桥”。此外还有很多的例子：       原 意 引申意 vaccine 预防疾病的疫苗 防毒或杀毒软件 virus 病毒,毒素 计算机病毒 thread 线 线程 port 港口 端口

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 2、词类的转换 计算机英语中的部分词语是通过将通常情况下词语的词类转化而形成 的。 例如:我们知道bomb在英语中原意为“炸弹”是一个名词，很少做动 词来用。但在计算机英语中却被用作是动词。比如：My computer is bombed, which causes the lost of all the data. 此外，还有很多的词语是 通过这种方式来构成的： 原 意 引申意 pirate 海盗（名词） 盗版（名词或动词） index 书的索引（名词） 检索（名词或动词） window 窗子（名词） 使分屏（动词） route 路线（名词） 设定路径（动词）

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 3、词语的复合 复合构词方式较多,可以由介词、动词短语转换而成，也可能由形 容词加名词、名词加名词、名词加动名词、过去分词等方式构成。 例如:backup(备份)；sign-on（登录）；upkeep(维护)；online (网上的)；backspace(退格)；disk copy (全盘拷贝)；read me (自述文件)；interface (接口)；time-consuming operation（耗时 操作）；plug-and-play（即插即用）等等。

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 4、词语的缩略 词语的缩略是将较长的英语单词取其首部或者主干构成与原词同义的短单词,或者将成词汇短语的各个单词的首字母拼接为一个大写字母的字符串。这种构词法主要有两种方式： 1）取前几个字母 例如：Esc: escape info: information Tab: table ins: insert 2）取每个词的首字母 例如：BASIC: Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code COE: Common Operating System

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 5、词语的裁剪、拼合 这种方法指对原有的词语进行裁剪，取其中的一部分，经过重新的 拼合形成新的词语。例如： E-mail: E (lectronic) + Mail Numlock: Num (ber) + Lock Pgup: P (a) g (e) + up PCtool: P (ersonal) C (omputer) + tool

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 6、词缀构词法 1）前缀 例如：multi-: multiprogram, multicomplex, multiprotocol hyper-: hypermedia, hypertext, hyperswitch micro-: microsoft, microcode, microchannel 2) 后缀 例如：-scope: barscope -ware: hardware, software, groupware

Task 2 Vocabulary Building Language in Use Task 2 Vocabulary Building 7、词语的借用 词语的借用通过将普通公共英语词汇演变成专业词汇而实现，有的则是将原来已经有的词汇赋予新的含义。 例如：woofer 低音喇叭 tweeter 高音喇叭　 firewall 防火墙 mail bomb 邮件炸弹　 fit fall 子程序入口 BACK

Virtualising Your Dream College Project Virtualising Your Dream College Step 1 Vocabulary Which of these forms of virtual reality have become a reality? virtual holiday distant e-learning learning to drive using virtual reality simulators visiting virtual museums on the Internet

Project Step 2 Let your imaginations go Work in pairs. Tell each other about your dream college. Would you like to go to a virtual college? Why or why not? Step 3 Make a list List the advantages and disadvantages of a virtual college. Use as many adjectives as possible. Check your own and compare it with your partner’s. Pros: home educated … Cons: lack of interpersonal communication …

Project Step 4 Share your thoughts Either put your texts on the wall and walk around the class to read other students’ writing, or sit in a small group and read your writing to the other students. Give reasons for your thoughts and the ideas you want to share. Step 5 Evaluation Can you remember words and expressions related to the Internet? Are these activities helpful for you to remember them? Do you feel nervous when you were giving your talk? Don’t worry when you make a mistake. Continue talking. BACK

Online Chatting Abbreviations: Numbers and Characters Culture Tips Online Chatting Abbreviations: Numbers and Characters ? I have a question I don't understand what you mean ?4U I have a question for you ;S Gentle warning, like "Hmm? what did you say?" ^^ Meaning read line or message above <3 Meaning sideways heart (love, friendship) <33 Meaning heart or love (more 3s is a bigger heart) @TEOTD At the end of the day .02 My (or your) two cents worth 121 One-to-one (private chat initiation) 1337 Leet, meaning 'elite'

One for all, and all for one 19 Zero hand (online gaming) 1CE Once 1DR Culture Tips 143 I love you 14AA41 One for all, and all for one 19 Zero hand (online gaming) 1CE Once 1DR I wonder 2 to 2G2BT Too good to be true 2MI Too much information 2MOR Tomorrow 2NTE Tonight 4 for 411 Meaning 'information' 404 I don't know

Means I love you (ILY is 459 using keypad numbers) 4COL Culture Tips 459 Means I love you (ILY is 459 using keypad numbers) 4COL For crying out loud 4EAE Forever and ever  4NR Foreigner  ^5 High-five 555 Sobbing, crying. (Mandarin Chinese msgs) 55555 Crying your eyes out (Mandarin Chinese msgs) 6Y Sexy 7K Sick 831 I love you (8 letters, 3 words, 1 meaning) 86 Over 88 Bye-bye (Mandarin Chinese msgs)  9 Parent is watching BACK

Homework Some people are optimistic about the future of cyberspace, but some are pessimistic about the changes brought by the use of the Internet. Write a paragraph about the predictions you make about the life by the year 2050. The video may give you some inspiration. BACK