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第十六讲 情态动词

第一部分：基本知识

掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、 愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。 一、情态动词是什么？ 行为动词 能够独立做谓语 系动词 动词的类别 助动词 不能独立做谓语 情态动词 掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、 愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。

二、情态动词的基本句型 陈述句 – 主+情态动词+ v原 疑问句 – 情态动词+主+ v原？ 考点：注意may, must疑问句的否定回答 否定句 --主+情态动词 not+ v原 考点：注意had better, need两种词性, ought to 的否定

三、常考的情态动词 can能; 可能---could may可以--might must必须;一定 need需要---非标准情态动词 should----shall would---will had better used to 过去常常 Would rather 宁愿 ought to应当

第二部分：常考情态动词

can与be able to 的区别 can 的三个“能” 此时can 与could相等 can与must的区别 能力 乐意 可能 所有表示“意愿类题目”，都适用 Can/Could you give me some water? 可能 can与must的区别 Must肯定是（无否定）－－ｃａｎ可能是

1. He will __ finish it by himself. can/ may/ be able to/ 不填（多） 2. can you give me __ suggestion? another/ other/ the other/ others 3. She ___ run fast, but I can’t. may/ must/ need/ can

may的回答 may 的两个意思 can与may的区别 乐意 可能 He may be right他可能对 肯定回答一般是：Yes, please./Certainly./ Sure等， 否定回答一般是：Please don't./No，you can't/mustn't. 的两个意思 可能 can与may的区别 can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度； 而may则多用于陈述句（肯定），表示一种揣测。 He may be right他可能对 He can’t be right他不可能对

Don’t have to 不必--- mustn’t一定不能—needn’t 不必 must 表必须有否定； 表肯定，不能用否定句 肯定回答：yes, … must 否定回答：no, you needn’t/ no, you don’t have to 的两个意思 肯定 can与must的区别 can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度； Must表示推测时，不能用否定句 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.　 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了 Don’t have to 不必--- mustn’t一定不能—needn’t 不必 must 表必须有否定； 表肯定，不能用否定句 Must的否定

need 的两个词性 情态动词 行为动词 You needn’t answer the question now. You don’t need ot answer the question now.

Had better最好 易错点： 错误理解为had, 或better 否定 解析： 你最好立刻就做 You had better do it right now. 你最好不要碰它 You had better not touch it.

过去常常（情态动词） used to 的三个辨析 某人习惯于(to是介词） 被动语态（to是不定式） Used to He used to go shopping on weekends. 他过去常常周末去买东西 Be used to doing 某人习惯于(to是介词） 的三个辨析 The Englishman isn’t used to driving on the right in China. Be used to do 被动语态（to是不定式） Pens are used to write on paper.

Would rather do….than do… 宁愿做…而不愿做 解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式 1、prefer to do….rather than do…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组) 例:I prefer to swim rather than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 2、would rather do….than do…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组) 例:I would rather swim than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 3、prefer…to… I prefer dogs to cats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗. Would rather是情态动词，否定为 would rather not do…

第三部分：情态动词与助动词

Can与could的相同与不同 Can 能力– he said: “I can do that.” 乐意– can I help you? 可能—It cann’t be rainy Could 能力,是can的过去式—He said that he could do that . 表乐意,could可独立一词.Could I go with you?

(will—would; shall –should于此相似) 只用于将来时, he will come tomorrow shall, will用来征求对方意见，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称，用来表示意愿；shall用于第二、第三人称，will用于第一人称。 Would 过去将来时，是will的过去式.He said that he would come tomorrow. 表乐意 Would you like…? 虚拟语气

1. The doctor suggested that he __ the medicine 3 times a day.多 Take/ took/ takes/ should take 解析 Suggest/advice that 主+should +v原。 考点: should 省略；给时态迷惑 2. She would leave the city if the rain __. Stops/ would stop/ stopped/ stopping 解析: 1判断would---过去时，从句也用过去时 2主句过去将来，if 从句用一般过去 3.The patient knew that he __ the wrong mdicine. take/ took/ takes/ should take

第四部分：真题解析与练习

1．must和have to 【考例】--Must we finish giving out the posters today? --Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer. [太原市] A. can                  B. may                  C. must [答案]C。[解析] 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。 -I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently. --I agree. You  __  play like that any more. [河南省] A. needn't           B. mustn't         C. may not         D. wouldn't [答案]B。[解析] 此处选mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。 When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait. [南京市] A. may        B. can            C. must            D. might. [答案]C。[解析] 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。

2．can和could --Could I borrow your dictionary? --Of course you ____________.[陕西省] A. can          B. must        C. should       D. will [答案]A。[解析] 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。 --Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom? --No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris. [长沙市] A. may not       B. needn't        C. can't [答案]C。[解析] 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。 一Mary，__________you speak Chinese? 一Yes，only a little．     [北京市] A must         B need       C may  D．can [答案]D。[解析] 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?…“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够

1Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A 1Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would         B. might          C. should         D. could [答案]C。[解析] 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当…‘应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。 2.Bob，may I __your MP4? 一Sure．But you'd better not _________it to others．[A.lend；lend    B lend；borrow   C borrow；borrow   D.borrow；lend [答案]D。[解析]本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别. 由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。 3.--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?     --I would rather __ at home than  __ football. It's too hot outside. A. stay; playing      B. stay; play    C. to stay; to play   D. to stay; playing [答案]：A。[解析]本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。

4.He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to   at night. A. read, read  B. reading, read   C. read, reading     D. reading, reading [答案]：C。[解析]考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。 5.You ________do it if you really don't want to. A. needn't      B. mustn't   C. can't    D. couldn't [答案]A。[解析] 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。 6.--May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?             --Yea, of course. You ___________finish it today. A. must       B. mustn't     C. needn't [答案]C。[解析]思路分析：根据句意可知，needn’t不必

7.You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. can       B. may     C. must     D. need [答案]C。[解析] 本题考查情态动词must，can，may8need的区别。情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。 8.一Look at the boy running on the ground．Is it Davis?   ——It ____be him．I saw him go to the teacher's office just now． A． must        B can't       C．could       D．might [答案]B。[解析] 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。

课时训练 B 1._________I open the window?It's hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would 2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could 3._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might 4.—_________I try out all the ideas? —No,you _________. A. Must, mustn't  B.Need,need C.Must,don't have to D.Must,don't 5._________I speak to Mr Green，please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would  B A B C B

课时训练 B 9.He said Kate _____come to the party.But I don't think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must 10.—Need I do my lessons right now? —Yes,you_________. A.need B.can C.should D.must 11.—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? —I'd love to.But I'm afraid I___.I have too much work to do. A.can't B. mustn't C. needn't D.may not 12.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_________into the river. A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown C.can't throw D. may not throw  B D A B

课时训练 10.Don't worry! We can get to the bus station in time and _________the early bus. A. don't miss B. can miss C. will miss D. won't miss 11.—Please don't make any noise in the reading room. —_________ A. Sorry, I won't. B. Sorry, I can't. C. Yes, I won't. D.OK,I didn't. 12.—Must I return your digital camera tomorrow. Tina? —No, you_________. A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. won't D A C

课时训练 D A D  13.—Would you like some more? —_________I'm full. A.Yes,please. B.I'd love to. C.No,I wouldn't. D.No,thanks. 14.You_________swim in this part of the lake. It's dangerous. A. mustn't B.may not C. needn't D.won't 15.—Your e-mail address again? I______quite catch it. —Hr Zhou @ 263.com. A.don't B.can't C.won't D. didn't D A D