Teaching BP Debate in Chinese China Debate Education Network Teaching BP Debate in Chinese ——Challenge and Method 中文BP辩论教学——挑战与方法 Zeng Qingxi 2012.9

Focus for this Presentation Part I Comparison：Typical Chinese Debate & BP（典型中文辩论与英国议会制 辩论的比较） Part II How to teach BP Debate in the Chinese context（如何在中文语境下 教授英国议会制辩论）

Comparison： Typical Chinese Debate & BP What is the TCD*（典型中文辩论是什么） What is the major difference between TCD & BP （两者的主要区别是什么） How the difference affect（这种区别会造成什 么影响） *There is no official or unified name of the Chinese debate format we frequently used. So the name “TCD” may not be recognized by other Chinese debate people.我们常用的中文辩论赛制尚无官方的或统一的名称。所以其他中文辩论人士对“TCD”这个名称或许会感到陌生。

TCD History Originated in Singapore 1970S（20世纪70年代起源 于新加坡） CCTV and Singapore media jointly held annual international tournament from 1980S （80年代起央 视与新加坡电视传媒联合举办年度性国际赛事） Official platform for promoting Chinese language international in 1980 &1990S（八九十年代中国将其 作为推进汉语国际化的重要载体） Crisis，change and reform in last decade（近十年来 出现问题、转向和变革）

TCD：Debater and Team One side one team four debaters 正方Proposition 反方Opposition 正方一辩 Proposition 1st 反方一辩 Opposition 1st 正方二辩 Proposition 2nd 反方二辩 Opposition 2nd 正方三辩 Proposition 3rd 反方三辩 Opposition 3rd 正方四辩 Proposition 4th 反方四辩 Opposition 4th One side one team four debaters

TCD：Time order TCD衍生出很多种赛制，以下为常见的(The most widely used TCD time order) 开篇陈词 Opening speech 正方一辩 3分钟 Proposition 1st 3min 反方一辩 3分钟 Opposition 1st 3min 对话 Dialogue 正方二辩和反方二辩进行一对一对话 各两分钟 Dialogue between Proposition 2nd and Opposition 2nd 2min total for each debater 盘问 Cross-examine 正方三辩向反方一、二、四辩进行盘问 一分半 Proposition 3rd cross-examine Opposition 1st 2nd and 4th 1.5min 反方三辩向正方一、二、四辩进行盘问 一分半 Opposition 3rd cross-examine Proposition 1st 2nd and 4th 1.5min 小结 Halftime summary speech 正方三辩 2分钟 Proposition 3rd 2min 反方三辩 2分钟 Opposition 3rd 2min 自由辩论 Free Debate 双方各总计时4分钟 4min total for each side 总结陈词 Closing speech 反方四辩 4分钟 Opposition 4th 4min 正方四辩 4分钟 Proposition 4th 4min

TCD：Debate Topic 辩题 Most topics is sentences from ancient books, famous remark and classic discussion.（常源于古籍、名言和经 典论题） Most topics is about philosophy or social sciences. There are more practical and policy topics now. （多为 哲学和社会科学理论命题，近年来现实和政策命题逐渐增多） Example: Adequate clothing and food is/is not the precondition of moral.（举例：温饱是/不是谈道德的前 提条件）

TCD：Typical Methods 常见辩论方法 Interpretation of the topic（阐释涵义） Quote from the classics to prove a point（引经据典） Factual evidence（事例证据） Lots of rhetoric（语言修辞） Sensational speech and theatrics（煽情效果）

Major difference and its influence 主要区别及其影响 TCD BP One Team One Side （同在一方同为一队） Two Teams One Side （一方两队分上下院） Make sure your students understand： 1.Upper House and Lower House which is in the same side do not only cooperate but also compete.(同在一方的上下两院不仅是合作关系更是竞争关系) 2.Lower House should persuade that they are loyalty to their Upper House but better than the Upper House. (下院队要劝说观众自己与上院在同一战线但是比上院队更好)

Major difference and its influence 主要区别及其影响 II TCD BP Debater is named by order （辩手按顺序命名） Debater is named by role （辩手按角色命名） Make sure your students understand： 1.Each debater has a particular role and the particular duty of this role.(每位辩手都有一个特定的角色和角色所对应的责任) 2. Considering the duty accomplished is the important part of judging. (考虑责任的完成情况是裁判中的重要部分)

The critical difference最关键的区别 III TCD The sentence of Debate Topic is the only core of the debate. You cannot prove the sentence by constructing a model which contains specific details such as time, place and policy measures. You should interpret and prove the exact sentence itself . In other words, basically no policy debate*, only principle.（辩题句子本身是辩论的唯一核心。不能通过建构一个包含时间地点政策手段等细节的具体化模型来论证辩题，应该解释和论证辩题原句本身。换言之，基本上没有政策式辩论，只有原则式辩论） BP Both policy and principle is OK. You can prove the topic by constructing a model.（政策辩论和原则辩论都是可行的。可以通过建构一个模型来论证辩题） You should： Encourage your students to use the policy debate. Help them to practice it.（鼓励你的学生使用政策式辩论，帮助他们练习） *Although there are more and more TCD debate topic about policy now, but still you cannot narrow down the topic by constructing a model. 虽然现在有越来越多的政策性辩题，但通过建立具体模型来窄化辩题的做法依然是不允许的。

Other differences ······ TCD BP No POI （没有POI） POI （有POI） Any one can challenge the definition any time in the debate. （任何辩手可以在任何辩论阶段挑战对方定义） Only the Leader of the Opposition may challenge the definition in his/her speech. （仅反对党领袖可以在他/她的发言时间里挑战定义） Sensational speech is considered to be important in usually in Closing speech. （煽情在结辩陈词中常被认为是很重要的） Sensational speech is not necessarily in any speech. （煽情在任何陈词中都不是必须的） ······

How to teach BP Debate in the Chinese context 如何在中文语境下教授英国议会制辩论 Encourage the students* to utilize the advantages they have learned in Chinese language.（鼓励学生运用中文 语言能力之所长） Help them to master BP Format better.（帮助学生更好 地把握BP制的特点） *Non-English major students which will debate BP in mandarin. Some of them may have already been TCD debater. 本文所称学生指非英语专业的参加中文BP辩论的学生。他们中的一些人或许已是华语辩论辩手。

Encourage the students to utilize the advantages they have learned in Chinese language 鼓励学生运用中文语言能力之所长 They may have learned他们或许学过: Basic laws of formal logic（形式逻辑基本原理） Public speaking skills （公共演讲技巧） Evidence & Academic knowledge（证据与知识储备） Writing & Rhetoric（写作与修辞）

Help them to master BP Format better Pay attention to the difference.（注意两种辩论的差别） If you can’t explain it in Chinese, try demonstration . （无法用中文解释则尝试演示） If it’s possible, put English debaters and Mandarin debaters practice together.（如果可能，让中英文辩手一起 练习） Practice makes perfect（熟能生巧）

Thank you! 谢谢！