Section B Winning is not everything 1 5 UNIT Shaping young lives with sports Section B To master the reading skill Objectives To understand the text To practice the phrases and patterns To learn about report writing

Contents Shaping young lives with sports Warming-up Reading skills Section B Shaping young lives with sports Contents Warming-up Reading skills Text study Comparative study Unit project

Shaping young lives with sports Section B Shaping young lives with sports Warming-up Lead-in Background information

1. what benefits can sports bring to young people? Watch a video clip and answer the following questions 1. what benefits can sports bring to young people? Tips In the video, sports give youngsters, who had once made mistake in their life, a second chance to pull themselves together. The youngsters learn how to cooperate with each other and how to handle disappointment. After dealing with all kinds of difficulties, they learn the crucial concept of teamwork, which help them improve themselves and regain self-esteem. To be continued

Watch a video clip and answer the following questions 1. According to the video clip, what benefits can sports bring to young people? Tips During tough training, they change their negative attitude to positive one. As a result, they are not like the prisoners at all but like the soldiers who always listen to the order and obey the rules. Finally, they totally change into another person.

2. Can you think of more positive effects of sports? Watch a video clip and answer the following questions 2. Can you think of more positive effects of sports? Tips The positive effects of sports include the following: It stimulates the flow of our blood; It builds up the speed with which our brains react to things around; It improves our health conditions; It helps foster our ambition for greater success.

Watch a video clip and answer the following questions 3. In spite of the positive effects, are there any negative effects of sports? What are they? Tips The negative effects of sports include the following: Too much exercise can be harmful to physical health.; Irregular practice may cause muscle soreness or lack of nutrition; The excessive pressure of wining in sports will cause mental problem; Some sports will hurt one’s body and make him/her badly injured.

1. Why do sports play a very important role in American culture? Background information 1. Why do sports play a very important role in American culture? Tips 2. What kind of sports do American students play in public or private school? Tips 3. According to your understanding, what kind of sports do American like most? Tips

1. Why do sports play a very important role in American culture? Background information 1. Why do sports play a very important role in American culture? Tips The United States has long been an athletic nation. Competition gets to the very heart of American values and illustrates the concept that if you work hard you will be rewarded.

Background information 2. What kind of sports do American students play in public or private school? Tips In American public and private schools, sports are included into the curriculum ranging from gym class to team sports, such as baseball, softball (垒球), basketball, football, soccer, swimming, hockey (冰球), field hockey (曲棍球), volleyball, tennis, track, golf, gymnastics, wrestling, cheerleading, etc. Matches between schools are common. A local high school football or basketball game often represents the biggest event of the week for residents in many communities.

Background information 3. According to your understanding, what kind of sports do American like most? Tips Football; Basketball; Baseball.

Shaping young lives with sports Section B Shaping young lives with sports Reading skills Presentation of the skill Reading skill practice

Presentation of the skill Skimming As a useful reading skill, skimming is very common in our daily life. To skim is to get a general idea about an article or a book. Skimming is different from careful reading. When skimming, you keep your eyes moving down over the content of your reading material by only reading those things that can help you get a general picture of it.

Skimming The following steps will help you get started: Presentation of the skill Skimming The following steps will help you get started: Read the title of an article. Read the first paragraph completely. Read subheadings and first sentences of every paragraph. If the final paragraph appears to be a summary, read it completely.

Presentation of the skill Skimming Glance over the body of the article, looking for the following: Clue words about who, what, when, where, how many, how much. Transition words such as furthermore, also, however, on the contrary. Words as furthermore and also suggest adding additional information to the preceding thought.

Presentation of the skill Skimming For example, after glance at Text A, you get to know the first sentence of Paragraph 2 tells you when the race was held (in 1983) and who Cliff Young is (a toothless 61-year-old farmer and amateur runner). The first sentence of Paragraph 7 tells you how Cliff did when the marathon started. The first sentence of Paragraph 8 tells you what Cliff intended to do in the race and the first sentence of Paragraph 9 tells you when he overtook other athletes.

Reading skill practice Skimming Answer the following questions about Text B by using the reading skill of skimming. Questions What is the text mainly about? What benefits can sports bring to young people? May participation in competitive team sports do harm to young people?

Shaping young lives with sports Section B Shaping young lives with sports Text study Text comprehension Language focus Critical thinking

What is the text mainly about? Text comprehension Questions Previewing What is the text mainly about? What attributes can team sports provide to growing children? (Para. 2) What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning lemons and honey? (Para. 3) How can talented people benefit from team sports? (Para. 4) What will those who lack talent learn through sports? (Para. 5) What could be the consequences when too much emphasis is put on winning according to the text? (Para. 6)

Note 1. Skim the whole passage and tell what the text is mainly about? Text comprehension 1. Skim the whole passage and tell what the text is mainly about? This article is mainly about the benefits that sports can bring to young people. Tips Note Some contents are more useful in Section B: (Para. 1) “A healthy mind is to be found in a healthy body.” (Para. 2) More than … young people learn critical skills that will serve them well in their adult lives. (Para. 3) Nevertheless, many lessons remain abstract concepts until they are made real by life experiences.

Note 1. Skim the whole passage and tell what the text is mainly about? Text comprehension 1. Skim the whole passage and tell what the text is mainly about? This article is mainly about the benefits that sports can bring to young people. Tips Note Some contents are more useful in Section B: (Para. 4) Naturally, those who are inherently talented will spend more time on the field and will achieve fame. (Para. 5) Sports can inspire and encourage the less naturally talented athletes to be their best. (Para. 7)Sports teach much more than what is easily seen on the surface.

Text comprehension 2. What attributes can team sports provide to growing children? (Para. 2) Tips Team sports can bring about attributes such as inspiration and physical stimulation.

Text comprehension Sentence Interpretation 原句： The ability to work toward a common goal underlines the value of teamwork. (Para. 2, L3) show that sth. is important 解释: The ability to work toward the same goal shows how important the value of teamwork is. 译文： 年轻人为了一个共同目标而努力的能力更加 凸显了团队合作的价值。

Text comprehension 3. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning lemons and honey? (Para. 3) Tips By mentioning lemons and honey, the author wants to illustrate that in order to get to know the real meaning of something, you have to experience it.

Text comprehension Sentence Interpretation 原句： Nevertheless, many lessons remain abstract concepts until they are made real by life experiences. (Para. 3, L2) 解释: However, if those lessons are not followed in real life, they will be just ideas which have not much practical value. 译文： 然而只有在生活中真正经历之后，许多经验教训才不再是抽象的概念。

4. How can talented people benefit from team sports? (Para. 4) Text comprehension 4. How can talented people benefit from team sports? (Para. 4) Tips By taking part in team sports, talented people have the chance to develop leadership skills and earn the respect of their team members.

5. What will those who lack talent learn through sports?(Para. 5) Text comprehension 5. What will those who lack talent learn through sports?(Para. 5) Tips Through sports, those who lack talent will learn the value of individual hard work, the value of cooperation and teamwork, and the fundamental importance of planning and preparation for the positive outcome of their ambitions.

原句： 解释: 译文： be successfully controlled Text comprehension Sentence Interpretation be successfully controlled 原句： What is missing in natural talent can be overcome through hard work, practice and learning from the example of others. (Para. 5, L2) 解释: One can make up for the lack of natural talent through hard work, practice and learning from others. 译文： 一个人天分不足可以通过努力奋斗、训练和向其他榜样学习来弥补。

Text comprehension 6. What could be the consequences when too much emphasis is put on winning according to the text? (Para. 6) Tips When too much emphasis is put on winning, children may suffer psychological harm, and may miss the learning opportunities sports can offer. 上面挤，下面空

Text comprehension Sentence Interpretation 原句： In such circumstances, the sports experience uncovers negative, draining and harmful consequences, canceling out the many desirable effects of sports. (Para. 6, L9) stop sth. from having any effect 解释: In such situations, the negative aspect of the sports experience shows up: It requires too much time and energy and might lead to harmful results. Such negative aspect of sports makes the sports experience lose many good effects. 译文： 在这样的环境中，体育运动就会暴露出负面的、令人身心疲惫的和有害的后果，从而也就抵消了体育运动带来的诸多益处。

Shaping young lives with sports Text comprehension Text Summary Shaping young lives with sports Young people benefits a lot from playing sports. Growing children learn ________ skills through sports that will serve them well in their adult lives. Through sports, they learn the valuable lessons of being ________ in victory and ___________ in defeat. Youngsters grasp the ________ concepts such as strategy, __________, and cooperation by playing sports. Those inherently talented develop their leadership skills and ___________________ their team members, while those naturally less talented can be inspired and encouraged to be ____________ _ while playing sports. critical humble generous crucial teamwork earn the respect of at their best

Text comprehension Text Summary All in all, sports teach youngsters much more than what is easily seen _____________. It does not only help them keep their body _________, but also give them a sense of __________ and accomplishment. It helps them learn the ________________, and how to coexist with others, which ________________ their future success. However, despite the positive effects, participation in competitive team sports is ___________ hazards. By placing excessive emphasis on winning, the sports experience may __________ many desirable effects, which may make one feel extremely pressured. on the surface in shape self-worth ways of the world paves the way for not without cancel out

Practical Phrases Meanings Language focus Practical Phrases Practical Phrases Meanings 1. at one’s best 有最佳的表现 2. early on 在初期；开始不久 3. blame sb. for sth. 责怪；指责；把……归咎于 4. place emphasis on sth. 重视 5. cancel out 抵消 6. on the surface 表面上；从外表看；乍一看 7. in shape 健康状况良好 8. pave the way for sth. 为某事物铺平道路；为某事物创造条件

有最佳的表现 at one’s best 短语逆译 短语应用 意群提示 老师需要知道如何激励学生，使其发挥最大的潜能。 Language focus Practical Phrases 有最佳的表现 at one’s best 短语逆译 短语应用 老师需要知道如何激励学生，使其发挥最大的潜能。 意群提示 (inspire / at one’s best) A teacher needs to know how to inspire students to be at their best.

（关系、过程等）在初期；开始不久 early on 短语逆译 短语应用 意群提示 我很早就知道英语是大学里最重要的课程之一。 Language focus Practical Phrases （关系、过程等）在初期；开始不久 early on 短语逆译 短语应用 我很早就知道英语是大学里最重要的课程之一。 意群提示 (early on) I knew quite early on that English is one of the most important courses in the university.

责怪；指责；把……归咎于 blame sb. for sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 意群提示 一些人责怪媒体在饮食上误导大众。 Language focus Practical Phrases 责怪；指责；把……归咎于 blame sb. for sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 一些人责怪媒体在饮食上误导大众。 意群提示 (blame sb. for sth. / misleading) Some blamed the media for misleading the public in diet.

重视 place emphasis on sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 意群提示 一些教育家指出如今许多父母过于强调孩子考试分数的重要性了。 Language focus Practical Phrases 重视 place emphasis on sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 一些教育家指出如今许多父母过于强调孩子考试分数的重要性了。 意群提示 (point out/ place emphasis on) Some educators point out that today many parents place too much emphasis on their kids’ exam result.

抵消 短语逆译 cancel out 短语应用 意群提示 这家公司的损失抵销了其收入。 (losses/gains/cancel out) Language focus Practical Phrases 抵消 短语逆译 cancel out 短语应用 这家公司的损失抵销了其收入。 意群提示 (losses/gains/cancel out) This company’s losses have canceled out its gains.

从外表看 短语逆译 on the surface 短语应用 意群提示 从表面上看，股市行情很好，各大股指纷纷上扬。 Language focus Practical Phrases 从外表看 短语逆译 on the surface 短语应用 从表面上看，股市行情很好，各大股指纷纷上扬。 意群提示 (on the surface/stock market/ indexes on the rise) On the surface, the stock market looked pretty good, with indexes on the rise.

健康状况良好 in shape 短语逆译 短语应用 意群提示 我叔叔相信徒步旅行是保持健康的好方法。 (hiking/in shape) Language focus Practical Phrases 健康状况良好 in shape 短语逆译 短语应用 我叔叔相信徒步旅行是保持健康的好方法。 意群提示 (hiking/in shape) My uncle believes that hiking is a good way to keep in shape.

pave the way for sth. 为某事物铺平道路 短语逆译 短语应用 科学家希望这些数据将为更深入地探索火星铺平道路。 意群提示 Language focus Practical Phrases 为某事物铺平道路 pave the way for sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 科学家希望这些数据将为更深入地探索火星铺平道路。 意群提示 (detailed exploration /the way for) Scientists hope that the data will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.

“做某事时某人最大的责任/快乐等”，否定的比较级结构表达最高级意义。 Language focus Functional Patterns Functional Patterns Functions & Usages There is no greater responsibility / joy / than doing sth. … “做某事时某人最大的责任/快乐等”，否定的比较级结构表达最高级意义。 2. … not without … “双重否定形式，表达肯定的意思”。 3. Sth. does much more than… “某事远比表面上多/好；不只是······”，用于表达“做某事远不止是······”。 42

原句译文 逆译练习 对家长﹑老师和教练而言，最大的责任莫过于让我们的年轻人保持身心健康。 Language focus Functional Patterns 原句译文 对家长﹑老师和教练而言，最大的责任莫过于让我们的年轻人保持身心健康。 逆译练习 For parents, teachers, and coaches, there is no greater responsibility than sustaining the mental and physical health of our young people. (Para. 1, L2） 句型提炼

Language focus Functional Patterns 句型提炼 There has been no greater joy/sorrow/pride/shame/regret than doing sth. 应用提示 用于表达“做某事时某人最大的快乐/痛苦/骄傲/耻辱/遗憾等”,否定的比较级结构表达最高级的意义。 句型应用

典型例句 意群提示 莫言的作品表现了他的家乡情结和文化意识。没有什么比看到他获得诺贝尔文学奖更令人骄傲的。 Language focus Functional Patterns 典型例句 莫言的作品表现了他的家乡情结和文化意识。没有什么比看到他获得诺贝尔文学奖更令人骄傲的。 意群提示 (love for his hometown/ cultural consciousness/ Nobel Prize in Literature) Mo Yan expresses his love for his hometown and his cultural consciousness through his work. There has been no greater pride than watching him receive Nobel Prize in Literature.

原句译文 逆译练习 当然，参加竞技团队体育运动也并非没有危害。 Language focus Functional patterns 原句译文 当然，参加竞技团队体育运动也并非没有危害。 逆译练习 Of course, participation in competitive team sports is not without hazards. (Para. 6, L1) 句型提炼

句型提炼 应用提示 … not without… 用于“双重否定形式，表达肯定的意思”。 Language focus Functional patterns 句型提炼 … not without… 应用提示 用于“双重否定形式，表达肯定的意思”。 句型应用

典型例句 意群提示 国外的生活也许很新鲜，但是要在国外开始新生活不会是一帆风顺的。 Language focus Functional Patterns 典型例句 国外的生活也许很新鲜，但是要在国外开始新生活不会是一帆风顺的。 意群提示 (start a new life abroad/ obstacles) 意群提示字号小么？ Life in the foreign country may be fresh, but starting a new life abroad is not without obstacles.

原句译文 逆译练习 体育运动教给我们的远比表面上看起来的多得多。 Language focus Functional Patterns 原句译文 体育运动教给我们的远比表面上看起来的多得多。 逆译练习 Sports teach much more than what is easily seen on the surface. (Para. 7, L1） 框框有点多，页面不够简洁，下同 句型提炼

句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达“做某事远不止是……”。 Sth. does much more than… Language focus Functional Patterns 句型提炼 Sth. does much more than… 应用提示 用于表达“做某事远不止是……”。 句型应用

典型例句 意群提示 运动不只能使年轻人保持健康的体魄、健康成长，它还有许多意想不到的功能。 Language focus Functional patterns 典型例句 运动不只能使年轻人保持健康的体魄、健康成长，它还有许多意想不到的功能。 意群提示 (keep young bodies in shape/ growing at healthy rates ) Sports does much more than just keep young bodies in shape and growing at healthy rates. It has many unexpected functions.

sustain the mental and physical health 2. 学习重要技能和至关重 要的概念 Language focus Collocations 1. 保持身心健康 sustain the mental and physical health 2. 学习重要技能和至关重 要的概念 learn critical skills and crucial concept 3. 成名 to achieve fame 4. 赢得某人的尊重 to earn the respect of sb. 5. 白白得到好处 free ride 6. 对…表示相当大的忧 虑 to express considerable concern about… 7. 失去机会 miss opportunity 8. 自我价值感和成就感 a sense of self-worth and accomplishment 9.了解世界的方方面面 learn the ways of the world 10. 如何与他人相处 how to coexist with others

2. How do you think you can benefit from playing sports? Critical thinking Further Discussion 1. Have you ever played in any competitive team sports? How did you handle the pressure? Tips 2. How do you think you can benefit from playing sports? Tips 3. How do you think we should handle victory and defeat in sports games? Tips

Critical thinking Further Discussion 1. Have you ever played in any competitive team sports? How did you handle the pressure? Tips Yes, I have played in competitive sports. I was on the class volleyball team in high school. Every year we competed at the school sports meeting. I usually felt stressed out a few days before the game. I would calm myself down by closing my eyes and taking deep breaths, or by practicing meditation or yoga. Besides, I would keep telling myself that my team had practiced a lot, we cooperated well, and we were ready.

2. How do you think you can benefit from playing sports? Critical thinking Further Discussion 2. How do you think you can benefit from playing sports? Tips Improve health, fitness and overall well-being; Enjoy college life more; Develop self-discipline, learn to set goals and work hard to achieve the goals; Have a positive physical appearance and higher self-esteem; Learn how to act gracefully in face of failure.

Critical thinking Further discussion 3. How do you think we should handle victory and defeat in sports games? Tips We should be humble in victory and gracious in defeat. If you win, be humble. Don’t boast about your talents or skills. Don’t play down your opponents. But if you lose, be gracious. Don’t complain that the judge wasn’t fair, or your teammates didn’t play well, or your opponents were just lucky. Say “Congratulations!” to your opponents, and shake hands with them. Also thank your teammates for their efforts.

Talk about Chinese physical activity: Kung fu Critical thinking Further discussion Talk about Chinese physical activity: Kung fu

Critical thinking Further discussion 1. How much do you know about traditional Chinese Kung fu? Share your knowledge in class. Tips 2. Have you ever watched any “Kong fu movies” made by Westerners? According to your understanding, what is Kung fu in their eyes? Do they have the same feeling toward Kung fu as we Chinese? Tips

Critical thinking Further discussion How much do you know about traditional Chinese Kung fu? Share your knowledge in class. Tips Kung fu, also known as Wu shu or martial arts, is one of the most well known examples of traditional Chinese culture. It is the earliest and longest lasting sports which utilize both brawn and brain. The theory of kung fu is based upon classical Chinese philosophy. When playing kung fu, people do not only exercise their bones and skin but also train their spirit, their Qi (气), and their mind. Today the popularity of Chinese kung fu, including Taiji (太极), Qigong (气功), etc., is not limited to China but has become a worldwide phenomenon.

Critical thinking Further Discussion 2. Have you ever watched any “kong fu movies” made by Westerners? According to your understanding, what is kung fu in their eyes? Do they have the same feeling toward kung fu as our Chinese? Tips Yes, I have watched many “kong fu movies” made by Westerners, such as The Forbidden Kingdom (功夫之 王) . It seems that Westerners love kong fu as much as Chinese. They regard kung fu as a mysterious oriental physical activity with profound meaning. Kung fu is considered as a unique combination of exercise, practical self-defense, self-discipline and art with a long history.

Shaping young lives with sports Section B Shaping young lives with sports Comparative study Thematic study Thematic study Language features analysis

Thematic study 1. Compare the Olympic spirit that you have learned from Text A and Text B. Tips 2. What did you learn from this unit? Have you decided to make a plan for your future body exercise? Explain it in class. Tips

Olympic spirit in Text A Olympic spirit in Text B Thematic study 1. Compare the Olympic spirit that you have learned from Text A and Text B. Olympic spirit in Text A Olympic spirit in Text B Do sports with determination and endurance; Win for devotion not for wealth; Keep going and remain humble in victory; Never say you are too old to play sports; Where there’s a will, there’s a way! A healthy mind is to be found in a healthy body; Be both humble in victory and generous in defeat; Strategy, teamwork and cooperation are more crucial; Learn the value of cooperation and teamwork; Winning isn’t everything, it is only a thing.

Wake up at 6:00 every day and then run around community until 7:00. Thematic study 2. What did you learn from this unit? Have you decided to make a plan for your future body exercise? Explain it in class. Tips After learning this unit, I know the importance of playing sports. My Fitness Plan goes like this: Wake up at 6:00 every day and then run around community until 7:00. Do body exercises, such as push-ups, sit-ups, and some other outdoor activities every evening around 7:00.

Language features analysis Based on your study of the two texts, compare the writing styles of the two texts in terms of their typical language features.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts? Language features analysis 1. What are the typical language features of the two texts? Tips 2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas. Tips

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts? Language features analysis 1. What are the typical language features of the two texts? Tips Text A is a narration. There are some well-written introductory paragraphs in this passage which start with ideas or situations that form contrast with the one you will have. Text B is an argumentation. The common strategy the writer uses is to acknowledge differing viewpoints, which helps win an argument over readers who hold different opinions.

2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas. Language features analysis 2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas. Tips Text A good introduction paragraphs: Considered one of the toughest marathon events in the world… The contest takes up to seven days to complete and is a challenging test of fitness and strength even for world-class athletes… (Para.1) Soon, the marathon started and the young athletes left Cliff far behind… Many people said and even more people thought: “Surely, someone should stop this insane old man before he really harms himself!” (Para. 7)

Shaping young lives with sports Section B Shaping young lives with sports Unit project Mottos interpretation Debate Report writing

Mottos interpretation Find some mottos related to sports after class. Then introduce your mottos to your classmates.

Mottos interpretation C-E Translation Life lies in movement. 生命在于运动。

Sport is the source of all life. 运动是生命的源泉。 Mottos interpretation C-E Translation Sport is the source of all life. 运动是生命的源泉。

Activity is the basis of life. Mottos interpretation C-E Translation 活动是生活的基础。 —歌德 Activity is the basis of life.

C-E Translation 人的健康不但靠饮食，尤靠运动。 —蔡元培 Mottos interpretation C-E Translation 人的健康不但靠饮食，尤靠运动。 —蔡元培 People’s sound, not only by foods, especially to rely on motion.

C-E Translation 体育教育和知识教育之间必须保持平衡。体育应造就体格健壮的勇士，并且使健全的精神寓于健全的体格。 —柏拉图 Mottos interpretation C-E Translation 体育教育和知识教育之间必须保持平衡。体育应造就体格健壮的勇士，并且使健全的精神寓于健全的体格。 —柏拉图 Physical and knowledge education must maintain a balance between. Sports should make vigorous, mighty men of valor, and make a sound mind in a sound frame.

Conducting a debate on the size of Olympic Games Think about: In recent decades, the size of the Olympic Games has been increasing quickly. New sports events are constantly added to the Games. Some people say this is a good thing while some others argue that the size should be reduced rather than increased. What’s your opinion on this?

Write a report : Study on the Olympic Games Report writing Write a report : Study on the Olympic Games You may include the following points: The general introduction of Olympic Games The opening ceremony of Olympic Games The custom of Olympic Games The Olympic spirit and oath

You may use the following expressions in your writing. Report writing You may use the following expressions in your writing. to compete for the highest honors; to parade and march round …; to march out of …; to take the Olympic oath on behalf of…; to put on a display; The purpose of the Olympic Games is not to … but to.