105-2 教學大綱 中文名稱：有機化學 英文名稱：Organic Chemistry 21/10/99 105-2 教學大綱 中文名稱：有機化學 英文名稱：Organic Chemistry 授課教師：陳威戎 教授 開課系級：生技動物系大一 (甲乙班合開) 上課時間：每週五上午2-4節 (9-12時) 上課教室：綜合教學大樓二樓204教室 學 分 數：3 教學助理 (TA)：楊予旻 (碩二) 教科書目：Essential Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition. (Paula Yurkanis Bruice ed., 2016; 偉明) 教學目的： 以官能基為主軸，從化學鍵結與酸鹼入門，由烷、烯、炔依序進入芳香族、 鹵烷與醇、醚、環氧化合物、胺、烯醇等 ；強調命名原則、結構式表示法、 基礎反應特性的熟悉，並使學生以更直觀的方式了解常見的反應機制及其意義。 上課方式：主題講授、隨堂練習、課後作業講解、考前複習營 (TA偕同)。 考試及成績計算方式： 期中筆試(一)：25 %；期中筆試(二)：25 %；期末筆試：25%； 平時成績：25 % (含隨堂練習、回家作業與出席狀況)

105-2 教學大綱 週次 日期 課程內容 1 02/24 課程教學大綱簡介與評量方式說明; 序言~有機化學是什麼? 2 03/03 21/10/99 105-2 教學大綱 週次 日期 課程內容 1 02/24 課程教學大綱簡介與評量方式說明; 序言~有機化學是什麼? 2 03/03 CH.1－回憶普通化學─電子結構與化學鍵結 3 03/10 CH.2－酸與鹼─了解有機化學的核心 4 03/17 CH.3－有機化合物簡介：命名、物理特性與結構式表示法 5 03/24 CH.4－異構物與立體化學─原子在空間中的排列 6 03/31 期中筆試 (一)：CH. 1~4 7 04/07 CH.5：烯類：結構、命名、穩定度與反應性介紹 (I) 8 04/14 CH.5：烯類：結構、命名、穩定度與反應性介紹 (II) 9 04/21 CH.6：烯類和炔類的反應 10 04/28 CH.7：共振對穩定性、pKa及反應之效應；芳香族化合物之反應性 (I) 11 05/05 CH.7：共振對穩定性、pKa及反應之效應；芳香族化合物之反應性 (II) 12 05/12 期中筆試 (二)：CH. 5~7 13 05/19 CH.8：鹵烷類之取代與移除反應 14 05/26 停課一次 15 06/02 CH.9：醇、醚、環氧化合物、胺與烯醇之反應 (I) 16 06/09 CH.9：醇、醚、環氧化合物、胺與烯醇之反應 (II) 17 06/16 CH.10：決定有機化合物的結構 18 06/23 期末筆試：CH. 8~10

What is Organic Chemistry? Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Preface What is Organic Chemistry?

What is chemistry?

Answer: If you look 'chemistry' up in Webster's Dictionary, you'll see: “chem·is·try” n., pl. –tries. the science that systematically studies the composition, properties, and activity of organic and inorganic substances and various elementary forms of matter. chemical properties, reactions, phenomena, etc. a. sympathetic understanding; rapport. b. sexual attraction. the constituent elements of something; the chemistry of love.

Another definition is short and sweet: Chemistry is the “scientific study of matter and energy and the interactions between them”.

Really, they are two sides of the same coin. This is also the definition for physics, by the way. Chemistry and physics are specializations of physical science. Chemistry tends to focus on the properties of substances and the interactions between different types of matter, particularly reactions that involve electrons. Physics tends to focus more on the nuclear part of the atom, as well as the subatomic realm. Really, they are two sides of the same coin.

But if you ask me, “What is chemistry?” I would say……

Why study chemistry?

Answer: Chemistry is everywhere in the world around you! It's in the food you eat, clothes you wear, water you drink, medicines, air, cleaners... you name it. Chemistry sometimes is called the "central science" because it connects other sciences to each others, such as biology, physics, geology and environmental science.

Here are some of the best reasons to study chemistry. 1. Chemistry helps you to understand the world around you. Why do leaves change color in the fall? Why are plants green? How is cheese made? What is in soap and how does it clean? 2. A basic understanding of chemistry helps you to read and understand product labels. 3. Chemistry can help you make informed decisions. Will a product work as advertised or is it a scam?

4. Chemistry is at the heart of cooking. If you understand the chemical reactions involved in making baked goods rise or neutralizing acidity or thickening sauces, chances are you'll be a better cook. 5. A command of chemistry can help keep you safe! You'll know which household chemicals are dangerous to keep together or mix and which can be used safely. 6. Chemistry teaches useful skills. Because it is a science, learning chemistry means learning how to be objective and how to reason and solve problems.

7. Chemistry helps you to understand current events, including news about petroleum, product recalls, pollution, the environment and technological advances. 8. Chemistry makes life's little mysteries a little less.... mysterious. Chemistry explains how things work. 9. Chemistry opens up career options. There are many careers in chemistry, but even if you're looking for a job in another field, the analytical skills you gained in chemistry are helpful.

10. Chemistry is fun! There are lots of interesting chemistry projects you can do using common everyday materials. Chemistry projects don't just go boom. They can glow in the dark, change colors, produces bubbles and change states.

What fields of study use chemistry?

You could use chemistry in most fields, but it's commonly seen in the sciences and in medicine. Chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers study chemistry. Doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, physical therapists, and veterinarians all take chemistry courses. Science teachers study chemistry. Fire fighters and people who make fireworks learn about chemistry. So do truck drivers, plumbers, artists, hairdressers, chefs... the list is extensive.

What is organic chemistry?

We used to describe organic chemistry as the chemistry of living things. Since the chemistry of living things is based on carbon, the chemistry of carbon compounds has come to be known as organic chemistry. It now includes the study of carbon compounds which are not found in living things and so is an incredibly large branch of modern chemistry.

What makes carbon so special? It has a “central” role in all living organisms. It has 4 valence electrons. It makes 4 covalent bonds. It can bond with any element, but really loves to bond with other carbon atoms and make long chains

Carbon forms four bonds 21/10/99 Carbon forms four bonds Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements This can be represented in many ways …

What makes carbon so special? Atoms to the left of carbon give up electrons. Atoms to the right of carbon accept electrons. Carbon shares electrons.

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and the study of the chemistry of life. Since not all carbon reactions are organic, another way to look at organic chemistry would be to consider it the study of molecules containing the carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond and their reactions.

21/10/99 Functional groups Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10 Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons Made up of only C and H Not really a functional “group” Further divided into: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics

21/10/99 Hydrocarbons Alkanes C C Alkenes C C Alkynes C C Aromatics

21/10/99 Organic compounds

21/10/99

Why is life based on the element carbon? There are two important properties of carbon that make it a suitable element to form the compounds in living things: Firstly, carbon atoms can link together to form stable chains of great length.

Why is life based on the element carbon? Carbon atoms bind strongly to each other and form very large molecules which are built around this carbon 'backbone'. The covalent bond between two carbon atoms is strong so that the backbones are stable. In all of these compounds simple sub-units called monomers are linked together by condensation reactions.

Silicon is similar to carbon Silicon is similar to carbon. Why are there no life forms based on silicon? Silicon is unsuitable because, although it is a valence IV element like carbon (4 electrons to share), BUT the silicon-silicon covalent bond is not strong enough for it to form long stable chains. So, it can not form molecules of the complexity needed to make up cells like carbon can!

Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements

Don’t panic!…….

Periodic Table for Organic Chemistry

Periodic Table for Organic Chemistry 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br

Periodic Table for Organic Chemistry

Why is organic chemistry important?

Organic chemistry is important because it is the study of life and all of the chemical reactions related to life. Several careers apply an understanding of organic chemistry, such as doctors, veterinarians, dentists, pharmacologists, chemical engineers, and chemists. Organic chemistry plays a part in the development of common household chemicals, foods, plastics, drugs, fuels... really most of the chemicals part of daily life.

21/10/99 Organic chemistry

序章~ 元素中的絕對王者 第1部~ 維持人類生命的物質 第2部~ 撼動人心的物質 第3部~ 驅動世界的能源 終章~ 碳元素所掌握的人類未來 第01章 造就文明社會的物質－澱粉 第02章 人類陷入的甜蜜陷阱－砂糖 第03章 大航海時代誕生的香味－芳香族化合物 第04章 將世界一分為二的甘味爭論－麩醯胺酸 第2部~ 撼動人心的物質 第05章 制伏世界的合法藥品－尼古丁 第06章 讓歷史亢奮起來的物質－咖啡因 第07章 天才物質存在嗎?－尿酸 第08章 人類的好朋友－-酒精 第3部~ 驅動世界的能源 第09章 將一個王朝炸飛的物質－硝基化合物 第10章 從空氣產生的麵包與炸藥－阿摩尼亞 第11章 史上最強的能源－石油 終章~ 碳元素所掌握的人類未來

Homework: Try to get your textbook as soon as possible, and preview Chapter 1!