Reading 1 4 The first underground in the world Unit 板块：教学设计—课件 Book 10_课件_U1_Reading2-8 4 Reading 1 The first underground in the world 板块：教学设计—课件

The first underground in the world. What is used for? a tourist brochure The first underground in the world.

When Who How Why (dates) (famous people) (events) (reasons)

The main ideas of the four parts reasons why the first underground in the world was developed. Part 2 developments of the first underground before World War Ⅱ. Part 3 some unusual uses of the first underground during World War Ⅱ. Part 4 expansion and popularity of the first underground system Paragraph 1 This trafic problem led to … Paragraph 2-4 In 1854, 1863 … 1938 Many underground stations functioned as … Paragraph 5 System was enlarged, more lines were added … Paragraph 6-7

reasons why the first underground in the world was developed Only went to outer city limits( building railway tracks would have damaged …) Trains … were used to convey people Unfortunately, … caused unbelievable traffic jams

Development of the LU system dates event 1854 1860 1863 1868 1884 The British government gave approval for the construction … The digging was postponed because of the lack of money The initial tunnels were opened and were just beneath the surface of ground The next section of the underground system was opened linked up …, provided …, dug ...

Development of the LU system 1933 1918-1938 After 1945 1977 A public organization was created Many new stations were constructed More people traveled on the underground , so the system was enlarged and more lines were added The last line was added in honour of …

Who made great contributions to improving the system? Charles Yerkes What did he do? Undertook improving the system by obtaining ownership of many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways of London. Why did he do so? Having seen the situation Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though, as each line was possessed by a different company, many were far from each other.

B. An anti-aircraft centre. C. A hospital. D. Meeting rooms for the Which of the followings is NOT the unusual use of the underground system during the Second World War? A. Bomb shelter. B. An anti-aircraft centre. C. A hospital. D. Meeting rooms for the government administration. airplane factory

After the Second World War , more people traveled on the underground, so the system was ________ and more lines were_______. This included the Victoria Line which linked with other lines at almost every station. This helped made the system more ____________. enlarged added user-friendly It means many of the lines are linked at many stations. Thus, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places.

The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977, ______________ the twenty-fifth anniversary Elisabeth II becoming the queen. in honour of

Now, the London underground system is very ________. popular The London underground system is working to transport millions of people three million people travel on underground every day includes twelve lines and goes twenty-six miles out of central London

Language points 1.It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. distinction: n.区分，区别，差别 eg. 1) a line of distinction (区别的)界限 2) make/draw a clear distinction between right and wrong分清是非曲直 3) There’s a distinction between what he says and what he does. 他所说的和所做的有区别。

声誉，名声 eg. 1) people of distinction知名人士 2) attain / gain / win distinction出名 3) I had the great distinction of being invited to speak at the conference. 我十分荣幸地被邀请在该会议上发言. 拓展： distinct adj 明显的，清楚的 distinctive adj 有特色的，与众不同的 distinction构成的常见短语： (make a) distinction between right and wrong 分清对错 without distinction 毫无区别 have the distinction of … 享有……的美誉

2.Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.. convey：vt. 搬运, 运送 eg. 1) This ship conveys oil from the Middle East. 这艘船从中东运输石油。 2) This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载客又运货。 3) A taxi conveyed us to the railway station. 一辆出租车将我们载到火车站。 表达, 传达(思想感情), 转达 eg. 1) Convey my congratulations to your brother. 代我向你弟弟表示祝贺。 2) His manner conveyed a slight nervousness. 他的态度透露出一点紧张。 3) Words cannot convey how happy I am. 言语无法表达我是多么幸福。 传导, 传播, 传染 eg. 1) Air is the medium by which sound waves are conveyed.空气是声波传播的媒质。 2) A wire conveys an electric current. 导线输送电流。 In spite of his unfortunate personal experience, his songs _______ a feeling of warmth and hope.  A. convey   B. reveal   C. contain   D. indicate (答案：A ) However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.

3. However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860. postpone: vt. 推迟, 延迟 常用搭配：postpone doing … eg. 1) I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon. 2) The match was postponed to Saturday because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六。 3) We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复。

4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and… link up： 将…….结合，连接; 会合，碰头 eg. 1) Engineers can link up distant country sides by radio or telephone. 工程师们能用无线电或电话把遥远的乡村连接起来。 2) The two space will link up in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上连接。 3) Where shall we link up？我们在哪里集会。 拓展： link A to B 把A和B连接起来 join up 连接起来 join up the two towns add up 加起来 add up the numbers

5.Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke. choke : vt. 噎塞；阻塞，堵塞，塞满 eg. 1) The smoke almost choked me烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。 2) The road is almost choked(up) with traffic. 马路几乎被交通堵住了。 vi 窒息，说不出话 choke with eg. 1) He choke with anger .他气得说不出话来。

6.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook improving the system by obtaining ownership of … undertake: vt. 着手，进行; 承担（工作，责任等），承办； 保证，担保 eg. 1) He undertook a new experiment. 他着手一项新的实验 2) I will undertake the responsibility for you. 我会为你负起责任。 3) He undertook to finish the work by Monday. / He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday. 他担保在星期一以前完成工作。

7.When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters. function：n. 功能，机能，作用 eg. 1) the function of the heart 心脏的功能 2) The hall may be hired for weddings and other functions. 这个大厅可租来举行婚礼或其他集会 3) perform / play an important function / role / part 起重大作用 vi.起作用，运转 eg. 1) Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可用作形容词。 2) Your computer won’t function well once attacked by viruses. 一旦受到病毒攻击，你的电脑将无法正常运行。

phrases 1.drop off（P49)让……下车；下降；打瞌睡 carry people over long distances长距离接送人 2.have the distinction of…(L2)有……声誉 3.during the first half of the 19th century(L3)19世纪前半叶 4.convey people to and around the city centre(L7)接送人们来往市中心 5.give approval to the construction(L11)批准建设 6.raise a large amount of money(L15)筹集大量资金 7.beneath the surface of the ground(L16)在地面下 8.link up(L22)联合，连接 9.at regular intervals（L24)每隔一段时间或距离 at intervals有时，时不时地 10.be chocked (up) with被某物填满/塞满

11.accelerate the pace of…(L28)加快...的步伐 12.obtain ownership of…(L34)获得拥有…… 13.be placed under the authority of…(L39)在……的管理下 14.function as bomb shelter(L44)起防空洞的作用 15.air attack(46)空袭 16.be linked with(L51)与……连接 17.take a trip(59)旅游，观光

Consolidation News conference about the first underground in the world

Discussion Could you please give some suggestions to the Nanjing underground system?

Homework 1. Finish the exercise D on P52. 2. Finish the exercise E on P53.