中考英语语法

第十七讲 行为动词与系动词

第一部分：动词的类别

动词的类别 行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 及物动词vt与不及物动词vi 瞬间动词与延续行动词 独立 做谓语 双宾语动词 重点在记忆、表语两个问题 动词的类别 助动词 不独立 做谓语 情态动词

第二部分：动词的时态、语态、语气

时态 语态 语气 主+v原/ vs 主+ is/are 过去分词 主+过去式/ were 主+过去式 主+ was/ were 过去分词 主+ had 过去分词 主+ am/is/are+ving 主+ is/are being 过去分词 主+ was/were+ving was/were being 过去分词 主+will +v原 主+ will be 过去分词 主+ 过去式/would+v原 主+would +v原 主+ would be 过去分词 主+have+分词 主+have been 过去分词 主+had+分词 主+had been 过去分词

第三部分(1)：及物动词与不及物动词

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I reach KF(对) I reached(错) 1、不能单独结尾。2、其后不能用介词 I reach KF(对) I reached(错) 及物动词vt 什么是 1、能单独结尾。2、其后必须用介词 I arrived(对) I arrived at (错) I arrived in KF (对) 不及物动词vi 考点：能不能加介词/能不能单独结尾 及物与不及物 最常考: see; hear; serve; reach; raise 其他详见下篇 纯及物 有哪些 最常考: look; listen; arrive; rise 其他详见下篇 纯不及物 everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game Vi=vt的动词 we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted He lifted his glass and drank Vi、vt意思不同

一、纯及物动词： buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell 二、纯不及物动词： agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed 三、及物与不及物意思不一样 beat　vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;　 grow vi.生长 vt.　种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring　vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话　 speak vi.讲话　vt. 说（语言） hang　vi. 悬挂 vt.　绞死　 operate vi.动手术　vt. 操作 Lift vi 烟雾消散 vt举起

第三部分(2)：瞬间动词与延续性动词

1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如： He has studied English for three years. 2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如： His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour. 3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用 例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined 本章节详见第二讲---完成时章节

常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下： 1、go——be away          2、come——be here 3、come back——be back    4、leave——be away（be not here） 5、buy——have            6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead          8、begin——be on 9、finish——be over       10、open——be open 11、close——be closed     12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know   14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up        16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in（…）或be a…member 18、become——be

第三部分(3)：双宾语动词

动词后同时用人、物做宾语（注意人和物的不同位置） 例: give me the book= give the book to me bring , fetch , give , hand , lend , offer , owe , pass , pay , post , promise , sell , send , show , take , teach , tell , throw , write 配to的 双宾语动词 ask, buy , call , choose , cook , do , find , get , keep , leave , save 配for的

第四部分:系动词

1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意， 例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

第五部分:中考不规则动词与习题

Beat beat beaten Become became become Begin began begun Bend bent bent Blow blew blown Break broke broken Burn burnt burnt Build built built Bring brought brought Buy bought bought Catch caught caught Choose chose chosen Come came come Cost cost cost Cut cut cut Do did done Draw drew drawn Drink drank drunk Drive drove driven Eat ate eaten Fall fell fallen Feed fed fed Feel felt felt Find found found Fit fit fit Fly flew flown Forget forgot forgotten Get got got

Give gave given Go went gone Grow grew grown Have had had Hear heard heard Hide hid hidden Hit hit hit Hold held held Hurt hurt hurt Keep kept kept Know knew known Lead led led Leave left left Lend lent lent Let let let Lie lay lain Light lit lit Lose lost lost Make made made Meet met met Pay paid paid Put put put Read read read Ride rode ridden Ring rang rung Rise rose risen Run ran run Say said said

See saw seen Sell sold sold Send sent sent Set set set Shall should should Shine shone shone Show showed shown Shut shut shut Sing sang sung Sit sat sat Sleep slept slept Smell smelt smelt Speak spoke spoken Spend spent spent Spill spilt spilt 溅 Spit spat spat Spoil spoilt spoilt Stand stood stood Sweep swept swept Swim swam swum Take took taken Teach taught taught Tell told told Think thought thought Throw threw thrown Understand understood .. Wake woke woken Win won won Write wrote written

B C B C A 八、动词（情态动词、不定式、时态等） （ ）1. The life we were used to __________ greatly since 2000. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed （ ）2. –Sorry, Mr. Green. I _______ my English book at home. -That’s OK, but don’t forget next time. A. forgot B. forget C. left D. kept （ ）3．I’m sure he ______ able to finish this job． A．be B．is C．are D．can （ ）4．--Dad．we can _______ sports in school one hour a day.--Really? It’s so good． A．to do B．does C．do D．doing （ ）5. 一 _______! Someone is singing upstairs．It must be Maria. —It can’t be her．I saw her out． A．Look B．Say C．Listen D．Come B C B C A

C B A C C （ ）6．-- Linda，I am very thirsty. -- Let’s go to the nearest supermarket _______ some drink, OK? A．buy B．bought C. to buy D. buying （ ）7．My aunt isn’t here．She _____ Shanghai on business．She will be back in three days． A．went B．has gone to C．has been to D．will go to （ ）8．--- Dinner is ready. Help yourself! --- Wow! It ______ delicious．Could you please tell me how to cook it? A．tastes B．looks C．sounds D. feels （ ）9．--- The TV show Home with Kids is so wonderful．You shouldn’t miss it. --- If I have time．I _______ it. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen （ ）10.--- What a hard life my parents live! --- So do my parents．When I grow up，I ______ to make them live more happily. A．try B．tried C．will try D．have tried C B A C C

（ ）11. The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese （ ）11. The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese. It's fun to ___ A. join B. join in C. take part in D. enter （ ）12. You ____ do it if you really don't want to. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn’t （ ）13. As the saying ____, "Where there is a will, there is a way." A. go B. goes C. going D. went （ ）14. — What do you do? — I'm an engineer. I _____ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much. A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked （ ）15. — When _____ your brother ______ back? — About half an hour ago. A. did; come B. had; come C. do; come D. has; come A A B A A

A A D C D （ ）16. — Where is my little dog? — It _____ the back of the house. A. has gone to B. had gone to C. has been to D. had been to （ ）17. — Did James speak to you this morning? — No, he____ me, but he didn't notice me. A. passed B. saw C. greeted D. knocked （ ）18. — What's up? — I can't stand the noise outside. It's nearly______ me mad. A. keeping B. turning C. causing D. driving （ ）19. — Do I have to come back tomorrow? — Yes, you______. A. can B. may C. must D. should （ ）20. Mrs. Liu is kind and always ________ her help to others . A. shares B. receives C. makes D. offers A A D C D

（ ）21. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown . A. have been B. were C. had been D. are （ ）22. –Whose notebook is this? --It ________be Ning’s . It has her name on it. A. need B. can’t C. must D. shall （ ）23. –Hi. I _____ you for a long time. --I ______ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A．hadn’t seen ; am B. haven’t seen ; shall be C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen ; was （ ）24. ---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Of course you _____. A. can B. must C. should D. will （ ）25．In the future，there isn’t going to______ enough space to ______on the earth. A. have ,stand in B. be，stand C．have，stand D. be; stand in A C D A D

（ ）26．James with the Greens _____ the White Tower Park if it______ tomorrow. A. are going to; isn't rainy B. are going to ;doesn’t rain C. is going to; won’t rain D. is going to ; isn’t rainy （ ）27.---It looks like a television. Do you think so? ---Yes, I________. A. understand B. know C. mean D. agree （ ）28.---Are you going to Beijing by plane? ---It’s fast ,but expensive. So I am not sure. I____ take a train. A. should B. may C. must D. will （ ）29.—I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend. ---I suppose you _____too fast. A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving （ ）30.---Nancy, how long does it take to fly to Canada? ---Sorry, I don’t know. But I can telephone my father to ____it for you . A. do B. check C. catch D. find D D B D D

D B C D A （ ）31. —Must I finish the work today, Mom? —No, you ________. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t （ ）32. I’ll do it better if the teacher ______ me another chance. A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give （ ）33. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _____________ the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played （ ）34. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He ________________ in China since 2002. A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed （ ）35. How much does the ticket _________________ from Shanghai to Beijing? A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay D B C D A

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（ ）36. You bought a new computer last week, _____________ you? A. aren’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. haven’t （ ）37. There ___________________ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is staying （ ）38. The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide ______________. A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. why to eat （ ）39. Schools ______ allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. should D. could （ ）40. —I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer. —Oh, sorry, I ______ with my cousin in the supermarket. A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop C B A C B

（ ）41.----Who ______ that piano? ----My sister, when she ______time. A. plays ; has B. is playing; has C. plays; is having D. is playing; has had （ ）42. If you _____ him tomorrow, please ask him if he ____ to work on the farm with us. A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go （ ）43. It’s nearly seven o’clock .Jack ____ be back home at this moment. A. must B. need C. could D. can （ ）44.--- How much ______ the shoes? ---- Five dollars ______ enough. A. is ; is B. are ; is C. are ; are D. is ; are （ ）45.---- Where’s Mary now? Do you know? ---- No, but I heard ____ in her room a few minutes ago. A. her singing B. her sing C. she was singing D. All the answers are right B D A B D

（ ）46. With the help of satellites, news can ____________ every corner of the world. A. get B. reach C. appear D. arrive （ ）47. —Why didn’t you buy any vegetables this morning? —Sorry, I ___________ to take any money with me. A. forgot B. stopped C. afforded D. remembered （ ）48. —By the way, is Jane in? —No, she ____________ to the school library. A. goes B. went C. has been D. has gone （ ）49. That’s a nice watch! Is it ____________ in China? A. make B. making C. made D. makes （ ）50. －Can you fly a kite? －No, I ____________ . A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. couldn't B A D C C

C A D C A （ ）51. －I have watched the game. －When ______ you ______ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did; watch D. will; watch （ ）52. He asked me_______ to his birthday party. A. to go B. go C. goes D. went （ ）53. You can _______ this book as much time as you like. A. get B. take C. borrow D. keep （ ）54. – You want the green one or the yellow one? – I’ve no idea. I can’t decide ________ . A. to buy what B. how much to pay C. which to choose D. how many to take （ ）55. – Is it going to rain tomorrow? – If it _______ , we’ll have the match next week. A. does B. is going to rain C. will D. is C A D C A

（ ）56. Would you please _________ some water with you （ ）56. Would you please _________ some water with you? It's so hot today, and you'll feel thirsty. A. not take B. take C. to take D. taking （ ）57. People usually _________ "hello" to each other when they make a phone call. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk （ ）58.Our knowledge of computers______ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were （ ）59.When I walked past his house, I heard him ______ in the room. A. sung B. sang C. sings D. singing （ ）60.They are late. The film _________ for five minutes. A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. began B A B D C

（ ）61.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly (开玩笑地) called the World Wide Wait because it ________ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can （ ）62.–What’s wrong with your coat? --Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me __________ on it. A. is sitting B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting （ ）63.——Never touch my computer while I’m away．—— . A．I shouldn’t B．I mustn’t C．I won’t D. I don’t （ ）64.——What about the pen you bought yesterday? ——It well．I like it very much． A．was written B．is written C．wrote D．writes （ ）65.—It the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam （三峡大坝）. —How great! A. spends B. costs C. paid D. took D D C D D

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