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U 2

Word study desire satisfaction absent smooth embarrass sympathy accompany declare envy leave … alone Word study

1. desire 1). n. 渴望；欲望；渴求 He has a strong desire for knowledge． I am filled with desire to go back there. He has a strong desire to succeed / for success. They had a desire that I (should) attend their wedding． What’s your greatest desire?

2). vt. 想要，希望得到 desire to do sth. desire sth. desire sb. to do sth. desire that sb. (should) do I desire to be successful. = I desire success. The Queen desired you to come at once. = The Queen desired that you（ should）come at once.

2. satisfaction n. (dissatisfaction) 【 C 】令人满意的事物 【 U 】满意/满足 She smiled with great satisfaction. The happy news was a satisfaction to us. satisfy vt. satisfied adj. satisfying adj. 使……满足 感到满足的 令人满意的

satisfaction / satisfy / satisfying / satisfied I am ____________ with the result of the exam. I had to explain the reasons to ______ his curiosity. The result of the exam is __________. It’s a __________ excuse for his absence. A teacher can easily get __________ from his work. Some people are very hard to ________. Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one _____________. satisfied satisfy satisfying satisfying satisfaction satisfy satisfaction

3. absent adj. 1. 缺席的,不在场的 (+ from) e.g. Three students are absent from school. 2. 缺少的,不存在的 e.g. Snow is absent in his country. Love was totally absent from his childhood. 他童年时代没受到丝毫的疼爱。 3. 茫然的,心不在焉的 e.g. He looked at me in an absent way. He had an absent look on his face. 他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。

4. smooth adj. 平坦的；平滑的；顺利的 Her skin is as smooth as silk. They made things very smooth for me. I had a smooth journey to Canada. vt. 使…光滑，平坦或顺利. Smooth this dress with a hot iron. 用熨斗把这件衣服熨平.

5. embarrass vt. 使…尴尬 / 窘迫 /局促不安 I don't like making speeches in public; it's so _____________. She was ______________ when they asked her age.  Don’t__________ them by asking personal questions. The decline of sales_____________ the company. What has been your most ____________ moment? I was _____________ by his comments about my clothes. Are you trying to _____________me? embarrassing embarrassed embarrass embarrasses embarrassing embarrassed embarrass

6. sympathy n. 同情；同感；同情心 feel (great/much) sympathy for 对某人深为同情 e.g. I felt much sympathy for the blind. She never expressed any sympathy when I was injured.

sympathy 1. 同情(心) ; I have been a prisoner, so I have a lot of sympathy with other people in prison. 我曾经是个犯人，因此我对其他在监狱里的人深表同情。 2. 同意，赞同 to be in sympathy with a plan 赞成一项计划 3. 怜悯，慰问 a letter of sympathy 慰问信

sympathy express sympathy for (对...表示)慰问 feel sympathy for (=have sympathy for) 同情 in sympathy with 同情; 赞成; 和...一致 out of sympathy with 对...不同情; 不赞成; 对...没有同感 win sympathy of 博得...的同情 She is always in perfect sympathy _____ me with regard to my love of nature. A. To B. for C. with D. of

7. accompany vt. （ 1 ） to go / stay with e.g. I’d like you to accompany me to the supermarket. What accompanies him is always a dog. （ 2） to exist at the same time 和…一起发生 e.g. Lightning usually accompanies thunder.

8.declare vt. 宣布；声明；说明；宣称 1)declare +n.　宣告 他们将很快宣布选举的结果. _________________________________________ They will declare the results of the election soon. 2)declare+n.+(to be) n./ adj. 宣布…为… 裁判宣布他为比赛的冠军. ____________________________________________________ The judge declared him (to be) the winner of the competition.

我宣布这次会议开始. ___________________________________ I declared this conference (to be) open. 3)declare +(that)从句　宣称；声称 她宣称她是对的. _______________________________ She declared (that) she was right. declare war on/ upon对…宣战 declare against 声明反对 declare for (in favor of)　声明赞成

declare vs. announce declare n. :宣告,宣布 a way of expressing oneself I would like to declare my love for you. announce:宣布 to tell a lot of people If I have a birthday party, I want to announce it to my friends.

9. envy 1). n. 羡慕，嫉妒；令人羡慕的对象 His new car excited their envy． 他的新车激起了他们的嫉妒。 She is the envy of the whole street. 她是整条街上人们羡慕的偶像。 envy sb. envy sth. envy sb. Sth. 2). vt. I envy your success. =I envy you your success.

10. leave…alone = let … be 不管；不打扰；让…独自待着 e.g. I’ve told you to leave my things alone. Let me be, I want a rest . A railway station is no place for a child to be left alone at night.  火车站可不是让儿童在晚上独自呆的地方.

leave / let …alone / be 不管/ 不打扰/ 不理会 I ‘ve told you to leave my things alone . Let me be , I want a rest . leave + 宾语+ 补足语 使…处于…状态 Leave the door open.

manage to do try to do He never studies anything. I wonder how he _____ to pass the examination. A managed B. tried C. succeeded D. able

specially vs especially He came here _____ to see you, ____ after he heard that you returned from aboard. A. specially; mainly B. specially; especially C. especially; especially D. especially; specially

carry out ---It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _____ the plan? ---I think Tom and Greg will. set aside carry out take in get through

after all 1 归根结底,终究 常句尾 So you see I was right after all! 2.别忘了,记着 常居首 1 归根结底,终究 常句尾 So you see I was right after all! 2.别忘了,记着 常居首 It’s not surprising you are tired. After all, you were up until three last night! The passenger was tired and walked more slowly but he got home _____. A. after all B. at all C. above all D. in all

语法专题之 ---- “主动表被动”现象

语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 been doing

一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。    一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that. 4．构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

5．作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office? 6．作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.

二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语） She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）

He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语） She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1．在there be结构中。 例如： There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。 例如： He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with．

3.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)． The house is big enough to live in.

4．在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．

5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如： I have a letter to type today． (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)

NOTICE 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.

need, want, require, be worth等后面接doing主动表被动。 e.g. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该剪了。 翻译：1、这些花儿需要浇水了。 2、这个问题值得考虑。

2. 有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste, sound, feel, look, smell, prove, turn out等，翻译成“……上去；……起来”。 e.g. Your idea sounds nice. Your necklace looks beautiful. The flower smells wonderful. Cotton feels soft. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. The news proved/turned out true.

3.一些动词如cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等与副词如well, easily, perfectly连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 e.g. This knife cuts well. These books sell well. The pen writes smoothly. These clothes wash easily. Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather. The table doesn’t clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.

（表示事物“拒绝”我们要它们“做”的事.） 4. 一些与can’t (不能) 或won’t (不会) 连用的动词: lock, shut, open, move等，用主动表被动。 e.g. It can’t move. The door won’t shut. The window won’t open. （表示事物“拒绝”我们要它们“做”的事.）

Practice: 1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see 2. The food _____ easily and sells _____. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 3. The windows of the building can’t _____. A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed C A B

5. 不定式作定语, 与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 e.g. I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。 （与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。 （与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。 （与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）

e.g.：The problem is hard to solve. The work is easy to do. 6. 不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, comfortable, convenient, impossible, necessary, dangerous等。 e.g.：The problem is hard to solve. The work is easy to do. The question is difficult to answer. The box is heavy to carry. The project is impossible to complete in a year.

7. 在be to do sth.结构中, 这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。 e.g. Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受到责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 The taxi is to rent.  此车出租。

不定式与高考题 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. (MET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen

4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

5.____late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考)  A. To sleep  B. Sleeping  C. Sleep  D. Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems ____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

U 2

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? What is a robot? Have you ever seen a robot in the movie? What can a robot do?

Satisfaction Guaranteed

Background BACKGROUND The reading passage is a retelling of an Isaac Asimov’s story. This story, about a human-like robot, illustrates(阐明) Asimov’s first law for robots: “A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.”

CHARACTERS Larry Belmont Claire Tony Gladys Claffern ---works for a company that makes robots ---Larry’s wife, a housewife ---the robot ---a woman that Claire envies

What does Tony look like? (P2) tall handsome his facial expressions never changes smooth and black hair deep voice

Detailed Reading Task 1: Find out how Claire’s feelings and emotions develop throughout the whole story.

alarmed embarrassed unhappy ridiculous amazed  trust  absurd  embarrassed  unhappy  ridiculous amazed  trust   absurd thankful awful    screamed angry cry out “Tony”    victory “Leave me alone” cried all night  

Detailed Reading Task 2: True or False questions.

Larry was going to be away from home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife . Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed to it at last. Tony could understand Claire when she said she was not clever. T or F F T T

4. It was Claire that first decided to invite Gladys and her friends to her house. 5. Claire’s guests were filled with admiration when they saw her house was completely changed. 6. The company was satisfied with Tony’s report because he had successfully made a woman fall in love with him. T or F F T F

Comprehending (P12) Characteristics Similar Different Physical Mental Emotional

Similar Different Physical appearance: like a man body and skin: soft and warm. hair and nail: realistic. voice: deep Facial expressions never change. Quicker reaction.

Similar Different Mental Emotional Clever enough to solve many problems Behavior not appropriate Can show sympathy and can give encouragement. Wants to please.

Further understanding: Asimov’s first law for robots: “A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.” Do you think Tony has done what the law requires?

Correct the mistakes in each sentence. Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her being harmed. The robot, called Tony, who didn’t look like a machine at all. to be

3. She looked at his fingers with wonder and suddenly reached his hand. 4. By the amusing and surprising look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. for amused and surprised

5. By that time, Tony expected the house to completely transformed. 6. At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, bended his face close to hers. be bending

7. It was then Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains on the front window. 8. He would have to be rebuilt --- you cannot have women fall in love with machines. that falling

Reading 2

Who’s the original writer of “Satisfaction Guaranteed”? Isaac Asimov

Timeline of his Life Events (Time limits: 5m) Date Event 1920 Born in Russia 1922 1923 Parents bought a candy shop 1929 Mother had her third child. Started to take himself seriously as a writer 1939 Gained master’s degree in chemistry. Sister born Moved with family to new York Started working in candy store 1931 Began having stories published in science fiction magazine. 1941

Date Event 1942 Finished working in the candy store 1942-1945 Got PhD in chemistry Became a biochemistry teacher, Boston University School of Medicine. 1950 Published his first novel. __________________________. Developed three laws for robots. 1951-1953 Published “ The Foundation Trilogy” and won an award for it. Got married Worked as junior chemist, Philadelphia Navy Yard. 1948 1949 Published “I, Robot”.

Date Event 1953 Published first science book. Became a full-time writer. Divorced his first wife. Had a blood transfusion. Became infected with HIV. 1992 1958 1973 Married for a second time. 1983 Died in New York

1st law: A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.

2nd law: A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings (as long as human beings are not injured.)

3rd law: a robot must protect its own existence ( as long as human beings are not injured and as long as the robot does not disobey the human beings).

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