历届高考试卷分析及迎考复习建议 二〇〇三年十月

命 题 方 针 命出绝活、命出新意 绝活：不是“偏”、“难”、“怪”； 而是“能力”难，是“入题容 易、深入难”，绝不是简单 的记忆题。 能力应用型命题 绝活：不是“偏”、“难”、“怪”； 而是“能力”难，是“入题容 易、深入难”，绝不是简单 的记忆题。

由考查“语言形式”过渡到考查“语言意识” – Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning. – Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (a, a / a, the) (NMET 97) 命题方向 2. –Is ___ here? --No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave. (1993-32) A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 考 语感 √

命 题 目 的 要拉开考生的区分度 具体由“两点” 来体现 看谁：语言知识丰富； 语言意识强

3. Few pleasures can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day. that 学生没有语言经验 怎么样才能培养学生的语言经验？ 谈化课文，重视阅读 教材是“药引子”：只要课文学过了，就不要再重复，教材上的东西不考！ 刘道义问：为什么高考命题离教材越来越远？ 命题组秘书：如果你看到了这点说明我们做对了。

听 力 题 高度重视 选取合适的训练材料 培养适应能力 黄土地学外语，听的高分没把握 变数的适应， 时间的适应。

单 项 填 空 2001、2002、2003年高考单项填空题的特点是：“新”、“活”、“用” 词义辨析是单项填空与完形填空的“失分焦点” 单 项 填 空 2001、2002、2003年高考单项填空题的特点是：“新”、“活”、“用” 建议：少做旧的套题，所选试题要有新意 词义辨析是单项填空与完形填空的“失分焦点” 建议：少做分册补漏，（抛开课本）多两条 线归纳词汇 “词义线” “语境线”

精讲完后，一定要Practise besides except except for beside except that expect apart from ① beside expect but 精讲完后，一定要Practise

see watch as soon as the moment notice Hardly…when observe stare at glance at mind ③ ② as soon as the moment Hardly…when No sooner… than on + v.-ing once

in after past pass across through cross ④ ⑤ can may be able to will shall should ought to must have to need dare don’t can’t mustn’t needn’t don’t have to have not to used to 情+have+p.p.

hold take place happen 1.(sth) happen 2. (sth) happen to sb. 3. (sb) happen to do … 4. 习惯用语 take place happen take the place of in the place of in place … …

I’ll ____ a bottle of ink for you. (go to buy/ go and buy) 现在没有“超纲”一说，（考试中心不断发出信息：考试要建立在篇章的意识上） 2001: work out是词典中第7个用法； Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(考试中心说：这是“新包装”) 注意：1. 备课一定要注意“含金量” as: ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ like:① look like ② be like ③ seem like ④… ⑤… 2. 破初中老师给学生立的规矩 Shurly ___ a book about China last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (wrote/ was writing) 3. 以交际习惯为先 I’ll ____ a bottle of ink for you. (go to buy/ go and buy) This story ___ in 1919. (happened/ took place) 4. 培养“三个意识”：沟通意识（串） 科学猜测意识（猜） 知识迁移的意识（移）

题型分析 2003年高考试卷分析 阅读 理解 写 作 短文 改错 书面 表达 权重 年度 客观性试题 主观性试题 听 力 单项 填空 完形 英语知识运用 阅读 理解 写 作 单项 填空 完形 短文 改错 书面 表达 2001 30 15 40 10 25 2002 2003 时量 20’ 25’ 35’ 40’

题型分析 单项填空 句 法 手 段 语 用 综 合 单 句 1 7 6 3 2 4 5 交际 二层 次 陈述 并 列 句 复 合 句 分类 年份 句 法 手 段 语 用 综 合 单 句 主从 宾从 表从 定从 状从 1999 1 7 6 3 2 2000 4 2001 5 2002 2003 交际 二层 次 陈述 并 列 句 复 合 句 “覆盖面+综合性+语境化” 2001/ 0.51 2002/0.50 2003/ 0.52 2004/??

完 形 填 空 抓好词语辨析这个突破口 了解高考对完形填空的要求 把握命题的设置 一定量的训练 1）词性一样； 2）词义非常接近； 完 形 填 空 1）词性一样； 2）词义非常接近； 3）与形式和结构关系不大； 4）与语意关系重大。 抓好词语辨析这个突破口 了解高考对完形填空的要求 把握命题的设置 一定量的训练 近几年的完形填空的体裁有变成“夹叙夹议”的文章。

能力如何形成？ 每年的读速在逐年递增 选材要全面 培养良好的阅读习惯 阅 读 理 解 阅 读 理 解 培养“扫读”、“跳读”、“从后向前读”、“不一句一句地读”等能力。 指导6点：①top②main idea③details(分析、深层化)④作者意图⑤词语的正确理解⑥故事的发展、文章的推理 不要忘了科普文章，增加时事报道，广告说明文。 28→45→60→67 每年的读速在逐年递增 选材要全面 培养良好的阅读习惯 能力如何形成？

短 文 改 错 明白考什么？ 三种能力：发现错误的能力、分析判断能力、纠正错误的能力 短 文 改 错 明白考什么？ 三种能力：发现错误的能力、分析判断能力、纠正错误的能力 七个考点：①冠词的使用②名词复数③介词、连词的作用④形容词、副词的等级⑤动词时态、形态、语态⑥词语的准确应用⑦句子结构

短 文 改 错 对策： 分类复习（发现能力）； 对比指导（判断能力）； 单句入手（练几百句差不多了，再上文章） 综合强化

不要把重点放在批改，要放在组织背诵上，建议采用多“面批”的办法。 书 面 表 达 “必争不让”： “指导性作文”——是教育部给这道题的定性。 “中国式英语”——失分最多的结症 要解决“输入量”的问题 不要把重点放在批改，要放在组织背诵上，建议采用多“面批”的办法。

交际语用型： sl esp. AmE (as an answer) no; certainly not: 1. (2001-21) —— Good morning, Grand Hotel. —— Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. —— ___________. A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. What’s the matter? D. At your service. 交际语用型： 对情景做出反应(response)，旨在单纯检测考生的语用能力。 又如：（2003- 35） ---- I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. ---- _______. It was her fault. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all sl esp. AmE (as an answer) no; certainly not: “Please do this for me.” “No way, man: do it yourself!” Longman P.748 0.46/ －0.39 (43.2% 选D：听候您的吩咐) 2. (2002-23) —— You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? —— I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 交际综合型： 以对话为语境依托，目的却在考查语法、词法等。 又如：（2003-32） ---- There’s coffee and tea: you can have ______. ---- Thanks. either B. each C. one D. it

3. (1998) They _____ the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 4. (2003-21) Don’t be afraid of asking for help _____ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 5. (1996) Many people agree that ____ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today. A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the 关键点： [S] = nouns that are special singular nouns and can be used with a or an but not with one. They can not be counted, and have no plural form. eg. Have a think about it. have a swim/a talk make an answer From: LONGMAN DICTIONATY 检测点： 语境化： [C]/ [U]? [S]! 0.11/ －0.49

常用连词有：so, and, when, while, or, but等，其中but的使用频率最高，约占75% 6. (2002-22) Excuse for breaking in, _____ I have some news for you. A. so B. and C. but D. yet 7. (2002-31) We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. (It might be valuable.) A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after 并列句： 常用连词有：so, and, when, while, or, but等，其中but的使用频率最高，约占75% 8. (2002-26) Jumping out of _____ at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience. A. 不填，the B. 不填，an C. an, an D. the, the 简单句： 两个特点：一是题干趋于加长，以充分提供语言环境，二是主要用来检测非谓语动词。

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 二层次陈述： 9. (2003-30) Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 二层次陈述： 两个句子依次而述，其中一句作为另一句选择项的语境信息。有时，去除信息句可能会出现多个答案。 10. (1998-25) European football is played in 80 centuries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 运用标点手段： 标点符号一般不能创设语意环境，却能创设语言的结构环境。 11. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001-34) It B. As C. That D. What 又如：________, Angkor Wat is worth visiting, especially after sunset. A. It is said that B. As is said C. We all know D. It is well known to all

√ √ √ 特点： 题干加长 考点转移 最佳答案 单项填空题： 语法选择题 1)– Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. -- Why ____? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me （2003-34） 2) A left luggage office is a place where bags _____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003-30） A. should B. can C. must D. will 3) – Is John coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may （2002-25） 单项填空题： 语法选择题 单项填空题虽仍以检测基础知识为主，但那枯燥的单纯语法和词法检测题已荡然无存，每道题都设置了一个特定的微型语境，语境成了选择的重要信息，而（语法）结构形式的满足相对被大大淡化了。这就意味着对语法、基础词汇等和教学不应该停留在机械的讲解和操练的层面上，而应该尽可能地创设不同的语言环境，做到“活教”、“活学”。考生只有具备了足够的语言经验和语用经验，才能灵活自如地主宰单项填空题。 √ 特点： 题干加长 考点转移 最佳答案 √ √

题型分析 阅读理解 调节“阅读理解”难度的手段： 选材 背景:文化意识 \ 获取信息 设题 考查阅读技巧 总词量 2001: (1509+826)2335/ 66.7wpm 2002: (1483+775)2258/ 64.5wpm 2003: (1454+739)2193/62.7wpm 选材 背景:文化意识 \ 获取信息 结构: 篇章 \ 语句 内容: 思想内涵 \ 思维空间 词汇: 数量？ \ 处理能力！ 设题 考查阅读技巧

“无速则无用” 教学大纲（1993年） ：50—60wpm 达到上限 新教学大纲：70wpm (本届高三学生) 总词数 短文词数 试题词数 1995 1639 1001 638 1996 1613 977 636 1997 1723 1159 564 1998 1815 1002 813 1999 2211 1316 895 2000 2403 1526 876 2001 2335 1509 826 2002 2258 1483 775 2003 2193 1454 739 《考试说明》建议使用阅读时间：35分钟 教学大纲（1993年） ：50—60wpm 达到上限 新教学大纲：70wpm (本届高三学生) 课程标准：（8级）读速未提要求，但对阅读量 要求高：除教材外，课外阅读量应 累计达到36万字。 “无速则无用”

decision-thinking:决策论 Decision-thinking is not unlike poker ----it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think what you think they think you think . The mental process(过程) is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers . …………　　　　 (2) the game theory 以及两种不同的games (3) 关于business decision 的特点 decision-thinking:决策论 要求： 用英文读懂有相当思想内涵的东西，不是为了“哈哈笑” 另外，素质教育的需要：英语教学是为了给学生提供广 阔的思维空间

(The wife) treated (her husband): 招待 老师的当务之急？ 不在数量，而在如何培养学生的处理词汇的能力。 分类 年份 由构词法产生新词 合 计 两纲不做要求的生词(短语) 成 词 转 化 派 生 已注 汉语 的生 未注 陌生 的人 名、 地名 1999 5 3 18 26 11 6 23 2000 10 33 46 14 27 8 49 2001 7 31 41 12 30 13 55 台湾对高中学生的词汇量要求？ 7500 词汇量最终决定我们的语言运用水平！！！ (2000-B) treat: 对待、治疗 (The wife) treated (her husband): 招待 老师的当务之急？ 不在数量，而在如何培养学生的处理词汇的能力。 如何判定“非关键词”或“关键词”

（2001-A） Shanghai: Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads…… The largest player — Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices — deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. …… 56. The words “deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans ” used in the text refer to _____. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

影响阅读能力的几个因素： 词汇量：阅读→扩大词汇→提高阅读能力 识别幅(Recognition Span)(指眼睛注视焦点词的同时，能够吸收该词左右两边的词的范围) 识别小则容易造成看了后面的却忘记前面的现象，从而不得不多次回读。以短语、意群、句子甚至段落为视读单位的扫读训练。 阅读习惯：scan, skim 思想高度集中、避免回视、避免出声朗读、更不能通过翻译成汉语来帮助理解。 知识面 语言、语法知识 (2000-A)　　 New York , 10 November 5:27 p.m. , yesterday . Biggest power failure in the city‘s history . 　　　 *Thousands of people got stuck in lifts . Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building . “There were twelve of us . But no one panicked . We passed the time telling stories and playing word games . One man wanted to smoke but we didn‘t let him . Firemen finally got us out.” 　 * “It was the best night we’ve ever had.,” said Angela Carraro . who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street . “We had lots candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays . The place was full and all night , in fact , for after we had closed , we let the people stay on and spend the night here.” 　 * The zoos had their problems like everyone else . Keepers worked through the right . They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm . While zoos had problems keeping warm , supermarkets had problems keeping cool . “All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manger of a store in downtown Manhattan . “They were worth $50,0000.” 　 * The big electric clock in the lobby(大厅) of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started(滴答) again at 5:25 this morning . It was almost on time.　 良性循环 53．How long did the power failure last? 　　A．Nearly 12 hours. B．More than 12 hours. 　　C．Nearly 24 hours. D．More than 24 hours.　　 51. Throughout the period of darkness , Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _________. 　　A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened 52．In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro ? 　　A．She had a taste of adventure. 　　B．Burning candles brightened the place. 　　C．Business was better than usual. 　　D．Many people stayed the night in her restaurant. 　　

短文改错 题型分析 难度：2001/ 0.40 2002/ 0.44 “题按行出，错从句看” 技巧： 错从文看：考虑行文逻辑 难度：2001/ 0.40 2002/ 0.44 2003/ 0.49 2004/?? 0.45 — 0.50 之间 技巧： “题按行出，错从句看” 错从文看：考虑行文逻辑 效度/信度：最佳题型 客观题：信度好，但效度不好； 书面表达题：效度好，信度如何？

The Problem with Television (1999) The Problem with Television Now I can't watch much television but a few years 86._____ ago I was used to watch it every night. I was often 87._____ a little tired after a day's work and watch TV 88. _____ demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 89. _____ too many people among my family. Some wanted 90. _____ to see the programme while others preferred 91. _____ another. I am happy with any programme but 92. _____ the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93. _____ was no way of settling the matter except by 94. _____ selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 95. _____ one 91. one …/another… 0.08/ 0.3