Unit 1

Festivals around the world Unit 1 Festivals around the world

1. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. e.g. Halloween, which takes place every year on October 31, is an important event in many Western countries. The Olympic Games take place every four years.

place 短语 in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点 in the last place 最后 in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想

in place 放在原来的位置，就位 in place of 代替，用……而不用…… take one’s place 找某人接替某人的位置

Great changes ____ in the rural areas in the last two decades. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening A take place不能用于被动语态中，句中短语 in the last two decades可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。

[辨析] take place & happen The next meeting will take place tomorrow. ★ happen常指客观事物或情况偶然、不可预料地发生，和不定式连用时，表示“碰巧发生”。如： The fire happened at midnight. I happened to be out when my sister called.

2. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。

starve 1) vt. & vi. (使)饿死；(使)饥饿；挨饿。 e.g. Many people starved to death because of the famine.        那次饥荒中有许多人饿死了。        Many people starve themselves to control their weight.        好多人为了控制体重而挨饿。        They would rather starve than give in.         他们宁愿挨饿也不妥协。

2) vi. 渴望；需要，常跟for短语或动词不定式。 e.g. I think these flowers are starving for water.        我觉得这些花极需要浇水。 3) vi. 饿得要死（用在口语中）。 e.g. Please prepare some food for me. I’m starving!        给我准备些吃的！我快饿死了！

【即学即练】 根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我一直很想与你见面。 I’ve been ________ ___ ____ ____. 2. 晚饭吃什么? 我饿极了! What’s for dinner? I ____ _________! starving to see you  am starving

3. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。

[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意origin的意思。 1) It’s a book about the origin of the universe. 2) This particular custom has its origins in Wales. 3) She tries to hide her upper-class origins, but her accent gives her away. 起源，源头 来源，由来 出身，血统

[拓展] original  adj. 原来的，最初的；独创的         n. 原作；原型 originally adv. 原来，起初；新颖地 originate  v. 发源，来自；创始，开创

[即学即练] 用以上词的适当形式填空。 1) He’s writing a dictionary that explains the _______ of words. 2) My job is to think up creative and _______ advertising ideas. 3) __________ it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study. 4) How did the tradition of wearing costumes on Halloween ________? origin  original Originally   originate

4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。 in memory of是介词短语，意为“纪念；追念”。如： The library was built in memory of the scientist. 2) The building was named Ford Hall in memory of a man named James Ford.

[拓展] 类似的in ... of短语还有： in (the) face of 在……面前，不顾 in (the) front of 在……前面 in time of 在……时 in charge of 负责；掌管 in praise of 赞美；歌颂 in honour of 为了纪念……；为了 向……表示敬意

___________ 寻找 in place of 代替，取代 in need of 需要 in search of [小试] 用以上部分短语完成下列句子。 1. The film was made __________________ those who lost their lives to protect the Tibetan Antelope. 2. ______________ so many difficulties, the workers didn’t lose heart. in memory/honour of  In (the) face of

5. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。 dress up 打扮；穿上盛装 e.g. Do we have to dress up to visit her birthday party? 去参加她的生日宴会，我们得打扮打扮吗？

Dress up tonight, we will go to a wonderful restaurant. 今晚要盛装打扮, 我们要去一家很棒的餐厅。 [拓展] dress up / dress sb. up意为“把某人打扮起来；给……穿上某种衣服”。如： The boys were all dressed up as pirates. 这些男孩子都装扮成了海盗。

6. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, 6. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也没给，那么孩子们就 可以捉弄他们了。 play a trick on 【寓词于境】 仔细阅读下列句子，并试着总结play a trick on的意思。 1) The boys hid John’s bike to play a trick on him.

2) Please do not play a trick on that poor boy. 3) People play tricks on each other in the office on April Fool’s Day. 【归纳】 play a trick / tricks on 意为“__________________”，on后面多接表示人的名词或代词。 搞恶作剧，开玩笑

【联想】 ① play a part (in)意为“_________________________________”;② play a joke / jokes on意为“________________________”。如： The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity. She wondered if the others were playing a joke on her. 扮演一个角色；参与；起……的作用 开（某人的）玩笑；戏弄

即学即练 用合适的短语翻译下列句子。 1. 你哥哥刚才是跟你开玩笑的。 2. 说在英语学习中起重要作用。 Your brother played a trick / joke on you just now. Speaking plays an important part in English learning.

7. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 此句中 Mohandas Gandhi 和the leader 是同位语，the leader 指的就是 Mohandas Gandhi 这个人。

又如: Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s who is the top student in their class. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆, 他是他们班最好的学生。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。

8. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。 award n. 奖, 奖品 e.g. Dr. Yuan Longping has won many awards for his research.

award v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物 The chairman awarded me the gold medal. = The chairman awarded the gold medal to me.

award, reward与prize award 侧重指经过正式裁定而给予的荣誉或在某项评比竞赛中获胜而得到的奖赏。

即学即练 选出最佳选项。 1) Ann Bancroft, an American author, teacher, and adventurer, received a number of _____ and honors for her adventures. A. prizes B. rewards C. harvests D. awards D

2) It is the first time that she has been ____ second prize in the English Speaking Competition. A. rewarded B. awarded C. included D. harvested B

9. …, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. admire v. 赞赏; 钦佩; 羡慕; 赞美;夸奖 注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.” e.g. We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。

即学即练 用admire的适当形式填空。 1. The school is widely ________ for its excellent teaching. 2. I really _______ the way she brings up those kids all on her own. admired admire

10. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎来春天的日子。 look forward to (doing) sth. 期待 (做)某事，其中的 to 是介词。

e.g. Children are looking forward to Spring Festival. 孩子们渴盼着过年。 He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。

11. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。

(1) 引导方式状语从句 e.g. She acted as though nothing had happened. 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有动词 to be 时, 可以把主语和 to be 一起省去。

He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。 (2) 引导表语从句 e.g. It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看样子天要下雨了。

as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 e.g. The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。

12. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. e.g. Now you can find your passion for exercise and have fun with your kids at the same time. The children are having a lot of fun with the building blocks.

have fun 过得快乐。同义词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself。短语：have fun (in) doing sth. 快乐地做某事。 【拓展】 for fun 为了高兴 in fun 开玩笑地，不是当真的 make fun of sb. 取笑某人，嘲弄某人

根据汉语提示完成下面短文。 The festival __________ (发生) between June 6 and 8 of each year ____________ (纪念) a famous hero in the history of the town. The hero helped the country to _____ (赢得) independence. All people have been _________________ (盼望) it a few weeks before its coming. takes place in memory of gain looking forward to

When the festival actually comes, people will ________ (盛装打扮) and ______ (出发) for the central square very early in the morning, and ______ (集合) in the square, singing and dancing. Many kinds of games are held too, and those who play well will __________ (被授予) a prize. One of the most popular games is to see who is able to run to a big tree within the shortest time. dress up set off gather be awarded

People _______ (羡慕) the winners very much People _______ (羡慕) the winners very much. However, they often ___________________ (开玩笑) them. For example, they may take off the winners’ hats suddenly without telling them. There are also a lot of strange _______ (风俗) during the festival. It is clear that all of the people ______________ (玩得很开心). admire play a trick / tricks on customs have a lot of fun