關係子句(一)：關係代名詞 who/whom/which/whose/that 主要子句與形容詞子句共舞 出現兩個句子絞在一起的動畫，很像扭毛巾 1

單元大綱 何謂關係子句？ 何謂關係代名詞？ 關係代名詞的分類 關係代名詞的使用規則 使用that當關係代名詞的情況 - who / whom - which - whose 使用that當關係代名詞的情況 2

何謂關係子句？ 定義 功能 名詞解釋 與主要子句有關係（談及共同的人、事、時、地、物）的子句。 修飾先行詞（即前述的人、事、時、地、物），具有形容的作用。 - 故又稱形容詞子句 先行詞+關係代名詞，引出形容詞子句要強調 名詞解釋 關係子句所要修飾的名詞。 先行詞 3

何謂關係子句？ 原則 主體先出來，說明跟在後面。 先行詞 + 關係代名詞 → 引出形容詞子句，用以修飾主要句。 先行詞需和關係代名詞緊連在一起，不可分離！ 不可分離要強調，可用飛進來的效果 4

何謂關係代名詞？ 定義 功能 作用 關係子句中與先行詞地位相同的文字（一般是關係子句中的主詞或受詞） 代名詞 連接詞 為連接有相同的字出現的兩個句子，便將第二次出現的字改為關係代名詞who / whom / which / whose / that。 5

何謂關係代名詞？ 關係代名詞 為連接主要子句與形容詞子句的重要橋樑 關係代名詞 形容詞 主要子句 子句 最後一句關係代名詞為連接主要子句與形容詞子句的重要橋梁，要強調 6

關係代名詞的分類 關係代名詞在關係子句中的作用： 主格 受格 所有格 人 事物 或 動物 人+事物 或 動物 簡稱關代 who whom whose 事物 或 動物 which 人+事物 或 動物 that 7

關係代名詞的使用規則 先行詞為「人」，關係代名詞在子句中作主格時，關代用who。 關係 先行詞 代名詞 關代＝who 主格 強調部分： 受格，whom 可用飛進來的效果 the boy who The girl whom 可用浮現的效果 主格 8

關係代名詞的使用規則 the boy who 先行詞為「人」，關係代名詞在子句中作主格時，關代用who。 Do you know the boy? The boy came here this morning. 例句 →Do you know came here this morning? the boy who 強調部分： 主格，who 受格，whom 可用飛進來的效果 the boy who The girl whom 可用浮現的效果 “who”在這裡是形容詞子句“who came here this morning”的主詞。 9

關係代名詞的使用規則 先行詞為「人」，關係代名詞在子句中作 受格 時，關代用 。（通常可省略） whom 關係 先行詞 代名詞 時，關代用 。（通常可省略） 受格 whom 關係 代名詞 先行詞 關代＝whom 強調部分： 主格，who 受格，whom 可用飛進來的效果 the boy who The girl whom 可用浮現的效果 受格 10

關係代名詞的使用規則 The girl whom ( ) 先行詞為「人」，關係代名詞在子句中作受格 時，關代用whom。（whom通常可省略） The girl is here. You saw the girl yesterday. 例句 → you saw yesterday is here. The girl whom ( ) 強調部分： 主格，who 受格，whom 可用飛進來的效果 the boy who The girl whom 可用浮現的效果 在這個句子，“whom”代替“the girl”，是“whom you saw yesterday”這個形容詞子句裡的受格。 6

關係代名詞的使用規則 the man whom / who ( /that ) 原則 who / whom替換 口語中who可代替whom。 I don’t like the man. You talked to the man. 例句 the man whom / who ( →I don’t like you talk to. 強調部分： 紅字 the man whom/who可用浮現的效果 /that ) 在這個句子的形容詞裡，關係代名詞沒有直接做為介係詞“to”的受詞，使用who、whom (甚至是that)，或直接省略關係代詞都可以。 12

關係代名詞的使用規則 the man to whom 原則 who / whom替換 若把形容詞子句中的介係詞提到whom前，只能用whom且不可省略。 I don’t like the man. You talked to the man. 例句 the man to whom →I don’t like you talk to. 強調部分： 紅字 the man whom/who可用浮現的效果 13

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 The young man is my classmate. You had a chat with the young man. 旁邊可放「Key」的圖樣 老師一按就會出現答案 The young man (who/whom) you had a chat with is my classmate. The young man with whom you had a chat with is my classmate. 2. I often take advice form my friends who are helpful. 14

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 The young man is my classmate. You had a chat with the young man. The young man (who/whom/that) you had a chat with is my classmate. 旁邊可放「Key」的圖樣 老師一按就會出現答案 The young man (who/whom) you had a chat with is my classmate. The young man with whom you had a chat with is my classmate. 2. I often take advice form my friends who are helpful. The young man with whom you had a chat is my classmate. 15

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. I often take advice from my friends. My friends are helpful. 旁邊可放「Key」的圖樣 老師一按就會出現答案 The young man (who/whom) you had a chat with is my classmate. The young man with whom you had a chat with is my classmate. 2. I often take advice form my friends who are helpful. 13

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. I often take advice from my friends. My friends are helpful. I often take advice from my friends who are helpful. 旁邊可放「Key」的圖樣 老師一按就會出現答案 The young man (who/whom) you had a chat with is my classmate. The young man with whom you had a chat with is my classmate. 2. I often take advice form my friends who are helpful. 14

關係代名詞的使用規則 That pen is Kevin’s. That pen is on the desk. which 先行詞為「事物或動物」時，關係代名詞以which引出形容詞子句。 That pen is Kevin’s. That pen is on the desk. 例句 強調：which 可用飛進來的效果 That pen which The dog which 可用浮現效果 → is on the desk is Kevin’s. That pen which 18

關係代名詞的使用規則 The dog barks loudly. The dog is lying over there. which 先行詞為「事物或動物」時，關係代名詞以which引出形容詞子句。 The dog barks loudly. The dog is lying over there. 例句 強調：which 可用飛進來的效果 That pen which The dog which 可用浮現效果 → is lying over there barks loudly. The dog which 19

關係代名詞的使用規則 The girl’s voice is sweet. the girl whose whose I like the girl. The girl’s voice is sweet. 例句 強調： 紅字 the girl whose A house whose roof 可用浮現效果 →I like voice is sweet. the girl whose 20

關係代名詞的使用規則 A house stands on the hill. The roof of the house is red. whose “whose”為所有格關係代名詞，在形容詞子句裡代替先行詞的所有格，後面接名詞。 A house stands on the hill. The roof of the house is red. 強調： 紅字 the girl whose A house whose roof 可用浮現效果 例句 A house whose roof → is red stands on the hill. 21

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 Look at the man and his dog. 情況一 1 The man and his dog are crossing the street. Look at are crossing the street. the man and his dog that 強調： 紅字 the man and his dog that The little girl and her dog that 可用浮現效果 17

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 The little girl and her dog are both cute. They are in the park. 2 are in the park are both cute. The little girl and her dog that 先行詞為「人+事物或動物」時，沒有關係代名詞為所有格的情況下，無論作主格或受格，關係代名詞皆使用that。 強調： 紅字 the man and his dog that The little girl and her dog that 可用浮現效果 23

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 情況二 The first student that entered the office this morning is Susan. 1 You are the most humorous girl that I have ever met. 2 強調： 紅字 The first…that the most humorous girl that 可用浮現效果 先行詞有「序數」(即「第一」、「第二」等的形容詞、「最高級」時，關係代名詞一律用that。 24

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 Tibet is the only place that I want to go for a visit. 情況三 Tibet is the only place that I want to go for a visit. 1 Anyone that had believed in Tim was cheated. 2 強調： 紅字 the only place that Anyone that the same model that the very person All that 可用浮現效果 This is the same model that appeared in the magazine. 3 25

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 Annie is the very person that I can trust. 4 All that you need will be provided. 5 強調： 紅字 the only place that Anyone that the same model that the very person All that 可用浮現效果 26

使用that當關係代名詞的情況 先行詞含有下列單字 / 片語時，關代一律用that： the only 唯一的 any 任何的 the same 相同的 anyone 任何人 the very 正是 all 全部 no 無一 強調： 紅字 the only place that Anyone that the same model that the very person All that 可用浮現效果 21

使用that當關係代名詞的限制 that 通常可代替 不可代替 「限定用法」 中的關係代名詞 who whom which 「非限定用法」中的關係代名詞 不可代替whose 強調： the purse which the purse that可用浮現效果 (x) 要有大聲打差的警鈴聲 再浮現需改成which 與需改成who兩句 28

使用that當關係代名詞的限制 關係代名詞前有介係詞或逗號時，則不可替換為that。 This is the apartment in that he stays. - 需改成which 例句 強調： the purse which the purse that可用浮現效果 (x) 要有大聲打差的警鈴聲 再浮現需改成which 與需改成who兩句 Your brother, that is a doctor, can cure your illness. - 需改成who 23

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. My father gives me a book. This book is about biology. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 30

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 1. My father gives me a book. This book is about biology. My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 25

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. David smiles all the time. David’s attitude toward life is positive. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 26

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 2. David smiles all the time. David’s attitude toward life is positive. David, whose attitude toward life is positive, smiles all the time. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 33

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Alice is the last person. I will ever turn my back on Alice. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 34

動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 小試身手 動動腦，請以第二句為關係子句合併下列句子。 3. Alice is the last person. I will ever turn my back on Alice. Alice is the last person (that) I will turn my back on. 旁邊會有「key」的圖樣 按下去可出現答案 My father gives me a book which/that is about biology. David whose attitude toward life is positive smiles all the time. Alice the last person (that) I will never turn my back on. 29

S + V1 + N, part/some/many/both/none...of which/whom + V2/be.... Scientists have also observed changes in the north and south polar ice sheets; both of them are melting and causing the sea level to rise. Scientists have also observed changes in the north and south polar ice sheets, both of which are melting and causing the sea level to rise. 強調： 紅字 the man and his dog that The little girl and her dog that 可用浮現效果 17

S + V1 + N, part/some/many/both/none...of which/whom + V2/be.... I met some friends at the party, and many of them were my high school classmates. I met some friends at the party, many of whom were my high school classmates. 強調： 紅字 the man and his dog that The little girl and her dog that 可用浮現效果 17

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