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Nelson Mandela－a modern hero Unit 5 Nelson Mandela－a modern hero
Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4
课前新知预习
Ⅰ.单词速记 1．__________ vt. 教育；训练 →__________ adj. 受过教育的；有教养的 →__________ n. 教育；培养 →__________ n. 教育家 2．__________ vi. 请求；乞求 →__________ n. 乞丐 educate educated education educator beg beggar
3．__________ n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 →__________ adj. 可怕的；吓人的 4．__________ n. 残忍；残酷 →__________ adj. 残忍的；残酷的 5．__________ n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 6．__________ n. 意见；看法；主张 terror terrible cruelty cruel reward opinion
Ⅱ.短语互译 1．lose heart ________________ 2．stop sb. from doing sth. ________________ 3．be in prison ________________ 4．come to power ________________ 5．be proud to do ________________ 6．乞求 ________________ 7．设立；建立 ________________ 8．被判处……(徒刑) ________________ 丧失信心 阻止某人做某事 入狱 当权；上台 因做……而自豪 beg for set up be sentenced to
Ⅲ.完成句子 1．那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。 It was a prison _________________. (介词＋关系代词) 2．他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we ______________________. (情态动词＋have done) 3．他们并不比我聪明，却通过了考试。 They were not cleverer than me, but _________________ _______.(did强调谓语动词)
4．在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我又有20年没有工作。 I ______________________ Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. (not...until 直到……才) 5．第一次给旅行团讲解时，我的心情很不好。 I felt bad ______________________. (the first time“第一次”，引导时间状语从句) 答案：1.from which no one escaped 2.should have been asleep 3．they did pass their exams 4.did not work again for twenty years until 5.the first time I talked to a group
Ⅳ.课文理解 Choose the best answer according to the passage? 1．How long was Elias in prison named Robben Island? A．Four years. B．Four months. C．Four weeks. D．Four days. 2．Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because ________. A．he had to study B．he could study with the guards C．he wanted to study D．he could study and get a degree
3．After Elias was released from prison, ________. A．he only worked for a short time B．he couldn't get any job C．he was glad to work in a post office D．he went to Mandela for advice
4．Which of the following is NOT true? A．It was very hard for Elias to take tourists around the old prison on Robben Island at first. B．The reason why Elias is proud is that he has fought all his life for equal rights for the Blacks. C．The police stopped the boss from giving Elias a job, and Elias was out of work. D．Elias' family felt bad about his job as a guide, but Mandela encouraged him to go on.
5．Mandela was set free from prison ________ years later than Elias. A．at least 20 B．more than 10 C．exactly 30 D．nearly 15 答案：1－5 ADADA
课堂要点探究
1．escape (1)vi.逃跑；逃离(常与介词from连用)；泄露 ①Two prisoners tried to escape from the prison yesterday. 昨天有两名犯人企图从监狱逃跑。 ②Look out! It's dangerous. Gas escaped from the pipe. 小心！危险。煤气从管道中泄露出来了。 (2)vt. 逃脱；逃避 He was lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 他幸运地逃脱了处罚。
(3)vt.被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意(不用被动语态) His phone number escaped me. 我记不起他的电话号码了 ①His escape from the prison made all the people in the town worried. 他从监狱逃走了，这使得镇上的人都很着急。 ②The fire escape is at the back of the building. 消防通道在建筑物的后面。 www.xkb1.com
活学活用 完成句子 ①对他们来说，想从监狱逃走是很困难的。 It is very difficult for them __________________. ②犯人试图逃跑。 The prisoners ____________________________. 语法单句填空 ③The soldiers narrowly escaped ________(kill) in the hot battle.
答案：①to escape from the prison ②tried to escape ③being killed 考查非谓语动词。句意：在激烈的战争中，这些士兵们死里逃生。escape后面要跟名词或动名词。
2．beg vt. & vi.(begged, begged, begging) (1)恳求；乞求 ①She begged me not to tell the truth to her parents. 她恳求我不要把真相告诉她父母。 ②The little girl begged to be given another chance. 小女孩恳求再给她一次机会。 (2)乞讨；讨要；行乞 The beggar had to beg for food all day. 那个乞丐不得不终日乞讨食物。
归纳拓展 (1)beg sb. for sth.＝ beg sth. of/from sb.向某人乞求/恳求某物 beg sb. to do sth.恳求某人做某事 (2)I beg your pardon？(请原谅/请再说一遍。)为常用的交际用语。 (3)beg后接宾语从句时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。 The children begged that they (should) come with us. 孩子们请求要和我们一起来。 (4)beggar n．乞丐
易错辨析 beg 含有“恳求”“请求”之意 I begged her to forgive me.我请求她原谅我。 request 含有“要求”之意，通常指有权得到所要求的东西 All I request of you is that you should be on time.我只要求你准时。
活学活用 完成句子 ①她请求让她离开。 She begged that she ________________ to go. ②那个年轻人请求加入俱乐部。 The young man ________________________ the club. ③乞讨者挨家挨户乞讨食物。 The beggar ________________________ from door to door. 答案：①be allowed ②begged to join ③begs for food
3．reward (1)n. 报酬；奖金 ①He gave the boy a reward of $100 for bringing back the lost dog. 因为找回丢失的狗，他奖励这个男孩100美元。 ②She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 她的好心没有得到一点回报。
(2)vt.酬劳；奖赏 ①How can I reward your kindness? 我怎么才能报答你的恩情呢？ ②They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lost dog. 他们给了那男孩五英镑，酬谢他把丢失的狗送回来。
归纳拓展 (1)give/offer a reward to sb. for(doing) sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for为酬谢…… in reward＝in return作为回报/报答 as a reward for... 作为对某事的报酬/奖赏 (2)reward sb. with...for(doing)sth.为某事而以……报答某人
易混辨析 award award作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”与prize用法相似。作动词时，意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配；award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. reward reward作名词时，意为“报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬”。作动词时，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. with sb. for(doing)sth.
活学活用 用award和reward填空 ①Mo Yan was ________ the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. ②She started singing to the baby and was ________ with a smile. ③It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ________. ④The police are offering a $60,000 ________ for information about the killer.
单句语法填空 ⑤The girl rewarded him ________ a smile for his help. ⑥Is this how you reward me ________ my help? ⑦The boss decided to give a reward________ him for what he had done. ⑧________ reward, I'll help others as much as possible. 答案：①awarded ②rewarded ③rewards ④reward ⑤with ⑥for ⑦to ⑧In
①Has the murderer been sentenced to death? 凶手已经被判处死刑了吗？ (1)vt.判决；宣判 ①Has the murderer been sentenced to death? 凶手已经被判处死刑了吗？ ②He has been sentenced to pay a fine of ￡1,000. 他被罚款1,000英镑。 (2)n.判决；句子 The judge passed sentence. 法官宣布了判决。 www.xkb1.com
归纳拓展 (1)sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑 be sentenced to... 判某人……(徒刑) (2)heavy/light sentence 重判/轻判 life sentence 无期徒刑 pass sentence on sb. 对某人宣判 巧学助记 With several sentences, the judge passed sentence on the criminal, who was sentenced to death. 法官用几句话宣布了对罪犯的判决，他被判处死刑。
活学活用 完成句子 ①She ____________________ nine years in prison. 她被判处9年监禁。 ②A military court ________________in his absence. 一家军事法院在他未到庭的情况下判处他死刑。 答案：①was sentenced to ②sentenced him to death
5．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 ①In my opinion, Mr Sun Yatsen is very important. 在我看来，孙中山先生很重要。 ②What's your opinion of Mo Yan's works? 你认为莫言的作品怎么样？ ③We have a good opinion of your son. 我们认为你的儿子很棒。
归纳拓展 in one's opinion＝in the opinion of sb. 在某人看来 What's your opinion of...? 你认为……怎么样？ have a good/bad opinion of...对……评价好/不好
活学活用 语法单句填空 Much to our disgust, this guy is always talking big and seems to have a good opinion________ himself. 答案：of 句意：使我们感到非常厌恶的是，这家伙总是说大话，似乎自己很了不起。have a good/high opinion of...意为“对……评价很好”。
6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心 ①The scientist from whom the government heard the bad news never lost heart when he was in trouble. 告诉政府不好消息的那位科学家当陷入麻烦时从不灰心。 ②Don't lose heart; all will turn out well. 不要灰心，一切都会好起来。
归纳拓展 learn sth. by heart 背诵；牢记 put one's heart into... 专心于 break one's heart 使某人很伤心 heart and soul 全心全意；完全地 lose one's heart to 爱上/倾心于
活学活用 完成句子 When he was a child, he ______________ writing poems. With many years' ____________________ it, it seemed as if nothing had been achieved, but he never ____________. 当他是个孩子时，他就喜欢上了写诗。经过多年致力于写诗之后，他似乎一事无成，但他永不灰心。 答案：lost his heart to putting his heart into lost heart
7．come to power 当权；上台 ①The new leader has come to power. 新领导上台了。 ②Four years later, Obama came to power again. 四年后奥巴马再次上台执政了。
归纳拓展 (1)come into power 上台；执政；当权 be in power 当权；执政 (2)do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事 in one's power 在某人能力以内；为某人能力所及 out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 易混辨析 come to power 表动作，为短暂性动词，不能和表一段时间的状语连用 be in power 表示状态，可以和表一段时间的状语连用
活学活用 完成句子 ①The party ________________at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。 ②He __________________ at the age of thirty. 他三十岁时开始掌权。 ③The present party ________________for two years. 当前的政党已经执政两年了。 答案：①came to power ②came to power ③has been in power
8．set up设立；建立 ①Fot all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll set up my own business some day. 这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。 ②We decided to set up a fund for the Hope Project. 我们决定为希望工程建立一项基金。 ③The moment they arrived there, they began to set up the tent. 他们一到那里就开始搭建帐篷。
归纳拓展 set down 记下；写下 set about doing sth. 开始做某事 set aside 把……放在一边；省出，留出 set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发 set out 出发，动身；摆放，陈列；开始，着手
活学活用 用set的相关短语填空 ①Einstein liked Bose's paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated it into German. ②Then, in 1995 the organization ________ an office in Beijing. ③I don't want to ________ a series of facts in a diary as most people do. ④I think we ought to ________ at 7：00, when the roads are empty. 答案：①set aside ②set up ③set down ④set off/out
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 9．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 www.xkb1.com
句式分析 (1)此句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。 (2)when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings，并在从句中充当时间状语。 (3)should have done表示本该做某事而事实上没有做，有悔恨、责备之意。 I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked at the door. 请原谅。我想我本该敲门的。
名师点津 情态动词后接完成式的用法 (1)must have done意为“过去一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。 (2)may/might have done意为“过去可能做过某事”。 (3)can/could have done意为“可能已经”，常用于疑问句。还可表示本来可以做的事而没做。can't/couldn't have done意为“过去不可能做过”。 (4)needn't have done表示过去做了不必做的事。 (5)shouldn't have done 意为“本不应该做某事而事实上做了。”
活学活用 完成句子 ①You __________________him about it. 你本不该把这件事告诉他的。 ②I'm to blame. I __________________of that. 都怪我。我应该想到那一点的。 语法单句填空 ③(2012·江西高考改编) We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
答案：①should not have told ②should have thought ③needn't 考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们本没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词＋have done结构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等，needn't have bought意思是“本没必要买”。
10．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 句式分析 此句是一个主从复合句，the first time引导时间状语从句。此处the first time是名词短语用作连词，意为“第一次”。 The first time I saw her, she was going shopping in the supermarket. 我第一次见到她的时候，她正在超市购物。
归纳拓展 用作从属连词的名词短语还有： each/every time 每次；每当 next time 下一次 the last time 最后一次 the instant/minute/moment 一……就…… —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? —Yes, I gave it to her the moment I saw her. ——你记不记得是否偿还了欠玛丽钱这回事儿？ ——记得，我一看到她就把钱还她了。
活学活用 完成句子 ①He came to see my mother ____________________. 他第一次到伦敦就来看望我的母亲。 ②_________________，I knew that he was angry with me. 我一见到他，就知道他在生我的气。 ③He felt nervous ____________________. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。
答案：①the first time he visited London ②The moment I saw him ③each time she spoke to him
课堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Children should be ________(教育)in a proper way. 2．It was very cold in the tent. I had to hide my face under the ________(毯子)． 3．Thirtysix passengers could not ________(逃离) from the burning bus. 4．He received a medal as a ________(奖赏) for his courage. 5．A military court (军事法庭)________(宣判，判决) him to death. 6．I want to know your ________(观点) about the plan.
7．I shook with ________(恐惧) whenever I was about to fly in a plane. 8．I can't stand some people's ______(残忍) towards animals. 9．Though the old lady has sons and daughters, she is ________(乞讨) for food on the street. 10．Whatever decision the ________(总统) makes，it will bounce back on the future of the country. 答案：1.educated 2.blanket 3.escape 4.reward 5.sentenced 6.opinion 7.terror 8.cruelty 9.begging 10.president
Ⅱ.语法单句填空 1．He has been ________power for ten years but he didn't want to leave office. 答案：in 句意：他执政已经十年了，但是他不想辞职。be in power“执政”，表示状态，可与for引出的时间状语连用。 2．What a pity! He got nothing ________reward for his hard work. 答案：in 句意：多么可惜！他的努力工作没有得到任何回报。in reward for作为……的回报。
3．People set________ a monument to honor those people who devoted their lives to their country. 答案：up 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们建立一个纪念碑来纪念为他们国家奉献生命的人。 4．In the accident, only 3 of the miners escaped ________ (kill) by the gases. 答案：being killed 考查非谓语动词。句意：在瓦斯事故中，只有三名矿工死里逃生。escape后面要跟名词或动名词，而且the miners和kill之间是被动关系。
答案：Educated 考查非谓语动词。句意：在老师的教育下，鲍勃这个学期进步很大。Bob和educate之间是被动关系。 5．________(educate) by the teacher, Bob has made great progress this term. 答案：Educated 考查非谓语动词。句意：在老师的教育下，鲍勃这个学期进步很大。Bob和educate之间是被动关系。 6．Whenever we are ________trouble, we must never lose heart, but try to think of the way out. 答案：in； 考查固定搭配。句意：无论什么时候陷入了困境，我们绝不能灰心，而是要努力地想出办法。be in trouble陷入困境。 www.xkb1.com
7．I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ________ have driven her there. 答案：should 考查情态动词。句意：我告诉你朋友如何去宾馆，但是或许我本应该用车送她到那里。should have done本应该去做，但没有做。 8．We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to ________(keep) many of the disasters from________(happen)． 答案：keep; happening 考查动词用法。句意：为了阻止灾难的发生我们建议他们提供有效的预警系统。keep sb.from doing(不能省略from)，阻止某人做某事。happen是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
9．The part of the town ________ the black people had to live was very poor and dirty. 答案：where 考查定语从句。句意：黑人在这个城镇居住的地区是非常贫穷和脏的。定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。 10．________ my opinion, anyone ________ breaks the law should be punished. 答案：In; who 考查介词短语和定语从句，句意：依我看来，任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。in one's opinion根据某人的意见；anyone是先行词，who引导的是定语从句。
Ⅲ.完成句子 1．In no case should ________________. 任何情况下我们都不应灰心。 2．We were lucky to ________________. 我们很幸运，没有受罚。 3．The public ________________ in how to use energy more effectively. 应该教育公众如何更加有效地利用能源。 4．He knew he had hurt her and ___________ forgive him. 他自知伤了她的心而请求她原谅。
5．Before he ____________________， he was once put in prison for years. 在掌权之前，他曾经坐了几年牢。 6．They __________________ the little child. 他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏了他。 7．A new government ______________ after the war. 新政府于战后成立。
8．In the last 5 years, 23 men __________________. 在过去5年里，这个地区有23个人被判了死刑。 9．__________________， what he said is not true at all. 依我看来，他说的一点也不真实。 10．________________ onto the roof I felt nervous. 我第一次爬到房顶时，感到紧张不安。 www.xkb1.com
答案：1.we lose heart 2.escape being punished/punishment 3．should be educated 4.begged her to 5.came to power 6．rewarded him for saving 7.was set up 8.have been sentenced to death in the area 9.In my opinion 10.The first time I climbed
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