莎士比亚 莎士比亚 William Shakespeare

Objective: In this unit, students will Learn about Shakespeare’s life and time Appreciate Shakespeare’s classic works Enjoy Shakespeare’s famous quotes Discuss Shakespeare’s influence on the English language and literature

A. Italian B. English C. Scottish D. Greek William Shakespeare What nationality was Shakespeare? A. Italian B. English C. Scottish D. Greek William Shakespeare

A. Stratford B. London C. Cambridge D. Oxford William Shakespeare In which town was Shakespeare born? A. Stratford B. London C. Cambridge D. Oxford William Shakespeare

A. 1564 B. 1616 C. 1777 D. 1840 When was Shakespeare born? When did he die? A. 1564 B. 1616 C. 1777 D. 1840

A. Writing music B. Making films C. Writing plays What is Shakespeare most famous for? A. Writing music B. Making films C. Writing plays D. Defeating Spanish Armada William Shakespeare

A. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear C. Hamlet D. Macbeth Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare's great tragedies ? A. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear C. Hamlet D. Macbeth William Shakespeare

Let’s get to know more about William Shakespeare !

William Shakespeare’s life What do you know about Shakespeare’s family and life?

William Shakespeare’s life What are the differences between the play in Shakespeare’s time and play in modern time?

William Shakespeare’s works? Tragedies Macbeth 麦克白 Romeo and Juliet Titus Andronicus 泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Julius Caesar 裘力斯·凯撒 King Lear 李尔王 Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩屈拉 Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯 Othello 奥瑟罗 Troilus and Cressida 特洛埃围城记 Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门 Macbeth 麦克白 Romeo and Juliet Titus Andronicus 泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Julius Caesar 裘力斯·凯撒 King Lear 李尔王 Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩屈拉 Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯 Othello 奥瑟罗 Troilus and Cressida 特洛埃围城记 Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门

William Shakespeare’s works? Comedies Twelfth Night or What You Will 第十二夜 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 A Midsummer Night‘s Dream 仲夏夜之梦 Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非 Measure for Measure 一报还一报 The Tempest 暴风雨 Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记

William Shakespeare’s works? Comedies The Comedy of Errors 错中错 All‘s Well That Ends Well 终成眷属 The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘们 Love‘s Labour’s Lost 爱的徒劳 Cymbeline 辛白林 The Winter's Tale 冬天的故事 The Tempest 暴风雨 Four Great Comedies Twelfth Night or What You Will 第十二夜 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 A Midsummer Night‘s Dream 仲夏夜之梦 (Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非)

William Shakespeare’s works? Histories Henry IV, part 1, 2 亨利四世（上下） Henry V 亨利五世 Henry VI, part 1, 2, 3 亨利六世（上中下） Henry VIII 亨利八世 King John 约翰王 Richard II 理查二世 Richard III 理查三世

William Shakespeare’s works? Poems The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝失贞记 Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯 Sonnets (154)

Characteristics of William Shakespeare’s plays plot construction characters language William Shakespeare

Hamlet 丹麦王驾崩，但幽魂不散，将被害真情告于哈姆雷特王子。王子叔父克劳迪斯服丧未满二个月，即霸占先王后并继承王位。丞相波罗尼斯依附奸贼，强迫女儿奥菲利娅与王子绝交，奥菲利娅之兄雷欧提斯亦从中作梗。王子装疯卖傻骗过所有的人，为证实幽魂所言真假，导演一场老王被毒杀无言短剧，请新王和新后观赏，叔父当场色变。皇后与王子对话，丞相躲在幕后偷听，为王子所误杀。奥菲利娅难忍情人发疯及失父之痛投河自尽，引起雷欧提斯心头之恨，与克劳迪斯共谋陷害王子。比剑时在剑锋放毒，并在赏酒时下剧毒，皇后误饮毒酒。雷欧提斯背后攻击王子，自己亦为毒剑所伤，临死告知王子真相，一切皆为新王所设计，王子报了仇，死前托咐友人霍拉旭将真相告白于天下。

Characters Shakespeare's major characters are individuals representing certain types and have their own personalities. Hamlet: 遇事犹豫不决，顾虑重重的人 Hamlet: Romeo: Romeo: 英俊潇洒的男子 Cleopatra: Cleopatra: 绝代佳人 Shylock: Shylock: 贪婪、残忍、不择手段的守财奴

Hamlet’s soliloquies This soliloquy is taken from Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, Act III, Scene I. Hamlet， facing the dilemma of action & mind， is hesitating whether he should revenge for his father， which may bring him death， or he should suffer & hide his hatred for his uncle in his deep heart， which may secure his life.

To be or not to be To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题； 要做到高贵，究竟该忍气吞声 来容受狂暴的命运矢石交攻呢， 还是该挺身反抗无边的苦恼， 扫它个干净？

To die- to sleep- No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. 死，就是睡眠——就这样； 而如果睡眠就等于了结了 心痛以及千百种身体要担受的皮痛肉痛， 那该是天大的好事， 正求之不得啊！

To die- to sleep. To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause; There's the respect That makes calamity of so long life; 死，就是睡眠； 睡眠也许要做梦，这就麻烦了！ 我们一旦摆脱了尘世的牵缠在死的睡眠里还会做些什么梦， 想到就不能不踌躇。这一点顾虑 正好使灾难变成了长期的折磨。

如果他只消自己来使一下尖刀就可以得到解脱啊？ For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th' unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? 谁甘心忍受人世的鞭挞和嘲弄， 压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、 被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法庭的拖延、 衙门的横暴、 费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视 如果他只消自己来使一下尖刀就可以得到解脱啊？

谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗， Who would these fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death- The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn No traveller returns- puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? 谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗， 倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后， 惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国， 是它迷惑了我们的意志， 使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折， 不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. 这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色， 伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。

Language Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.

Discussion If you were Hamlet, what would you do ? How do you think of Hamlet? Have you ever asked yourself such a “To be or not to be” question ? Give your comment.

Phrases from William Shakespeare have seen better days 今非昔比 Wear your heart on your sleeve 表露情感 / 情绪化 Truth will come to light 真相终将大白 Gild the lily 画蛇添足 Salad days 少不更事的青涩时代

Phrases from William Shakespeare As merry as the day is long 非常快乐 Too much of a good thing 好事过头反成坏事 applaud one to the echo 大声喝彩、欢呼 for ever and a day 永远 Star-crossed lovers 不幸的恋人 Vanish into thin air 消失得无影无踪

Phrases from William Shakespeare Green-eyed monster 好妒之人 Have an old head on young shoulders 少年老成 pound of flesh 合法却不合理的要求 幸运 as good luck would have it Foul play 不公正的行为 一切全完了 Game is up

Assignment Collect more Shakespeare’s famous quotes and share with the class.