Unit 1 Living a Full Life Unit 1 Living A Full Life

Content Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project

• a good appearance • close friends Starting out—Task 1 Task 1 Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s) for living a full life. You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer. Then give reasons why you have made such a choice. • a good appearance • close friends • a happy mindset • a good neighborhood • perfect health • an absorbing hobby • a good job • lottery winnings • a happy family

positive attitude? Starting out—Task 2 Task 2 Your best friend has recently been in low spirits ever since she was diagnosed with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)(慢性阻塞性肺病). She stays in bed most of the time and misses a lot of classes. She has nothing to do, and moreover wants to do nothing. How would you encourage her to cope with the disease with a positive attitude?

• Don’t isolate yourself...reach out to others Starting out—Task 2 Here are some suggestions from experts that will enable you to retain (or take back) much of your independence and improve your quality of life. • Don’t isolate yourself...reach out to others • Stay as physically active as you can • Manage your breathing • Stick with your treatment plan

Starting out—Task 3 Dear Abby, Read the letter from John Doe and, with your partner, discuss how you could help him. Dear Abby, I feel like I almost can’t breathe now. I work a ridiculous amount of hours and I don’t have time to relax. My parents live 1,400 miles away and I am here all by myself. I have no time to make friends. Sometimes I feel I don’t even have a life. What should I do? Kind regards, John

Starting out—Task 3 Dear John, I used to live a life just like yours. I can see myself in you when I finished my college and started my first job. I found a job as junior reporter for Chicago Daily so I moved from Houston to Chicago. I was working 18 hours a day in a place where I knew few people. My health finally broke down from too much work and poor diet. I stayed in hospital for two weeks. My parents came to Chicago and took care of me. After I was out of hospital, I quitted my job and moved back to Houston, where I found a job in a local newspaper. I visited my parents often and I had time to hang around with my friends whom I had known for years as well as those I newly made. I felt happy finally.

Starting out—Task 3 Yours, Abby So my suggestion is to take some time off your work and go back to visit your parents and friends. Consider changing a job which requires fewer hours so that you may have time to make friends. You may also try to take classes on a subject you are interested in or pursue a hobby. You are sure to find life worth living. Yours, Abby

Starting out Listen to the passage “Bored to Death” and fill out the blanks. We’ve all been bored from time to time. sometimes, when we’re really at loose ends（无所适从）, we might even say we’re “bored to death” or “_____________________!” We don’t really mean it, of course. But according to one study, it may be true. That is, it ________ _______________ to be bored to death. Researchers in England looked at surveys done in the mid 1980s–several thousand questionnaires filled out by ____________________ about their jobs. so bored I could die seems possible literally London civil servants

as in being bored all the time. Starting out The researchers found that those who’d said that in the previous month they were bored at work were _____________________ ________________ as other workers to die of a heart problem over the follow-up period. Workers who ______________ ______________ in their jobs were less likely to die prematurely（过早地）. Now, this doesn’t mean that feeling bored ____________________________ will kill you. We’re talking about chronic boredom, as in being bored all the time. more than twice as likely claimed to be interested every once in a while

Starting out And it’s not necessarily boredom itself that’s deadly. Most probably, according to the study, it’s the fact that being bored often leads to _____________________ such smoking, overeating, drinking, and abusing drugs. Other studies have linked ______________________–a disease known often to lead to poor health. Does this mean that being engaged and interested–in other words, the opposite of bored–_____________________? Maybe. If not being bored means being physically active and adopting good dietary and exercise habits,then it certainly can’t hurt. unhealthy habits boredom and depression leads to better health

The Hidden Side of Happiness Reading Focus The Hidden Side of Happiness

Reading Focus 1 Background Information 2 Global Understanding 3 Detailed Information 3 Critical Thinking 4 Language Points 5 Vocabulary in Action 6

Background Information Watch a clip from The Pursuit of Happyness in which Christopher’s wife just left him. Discuss with your partner how people should pursue happiness. Click on the picture

Reading Focus – Global Understanding 1 Introduction 2 Body 3 Conclusion (Paras. 1-3) (Paras. 4-17) (Para. 18)

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Introduction Main idea: Many people find that enduring a harrowing ordeal ________________________________________. There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _________________________________________________. What doesn’t kill you can actually make you stronger. ultimately changes them for the better flourish under the most difficult circumstances

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Body Main idea: People who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, _______________________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________. may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Body Argument 1: Happiness is only one among many values in human life. Sometimes only _________________________ can foster such qualities as _________________________________________ ________________________ because ___________________ __________________________________________________ __________________. Example: 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr. “I felt I had been shown the secret of life and why we’re here: to be happy and to nurture other life. It’s that simple.” the trials of adversity compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Body Argument 2: For many people who have endured extreme events like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness—perhaps even the majority—life ________________________________ _________________. ultimately becomes richer and more gratifying

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Body Argument 3: Actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, ________________ ______________________. And eventually, people may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined. Example: _________________________________________. Although parenting can bring sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure, ultimately, the emotional rewards can compensate for the pain and difficulties of adversity. usually takes conscious, effort One of life’s biggest challenges: parenting

Reading Focus – Global Understanding Conclusion Main idea: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. It’s possible to live an extraordinary rewarding life even within the constraints and struggles we face

Task 2 Reading Focus – Detailed Information Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text (P11) Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B C A C D A D A B D

Reading Focus Critical Thinking

Reading Focus—Critical Thinking Work together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text you’ve just read. 1. The writer claims in the first paragraph that, “many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.” In which sense does she mean by saying “to change for the better”, physically or mentally? 2. In the second paragraph, the writer believes in “a built-in capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.” Do you agree with her? Provide examples to elaborate your opinion. 3. Do you agree with the statement “What doesn’t kill you actually makes you stronger”? Why or why not?

Reading Focus—Critical Thinking Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this? 2. Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life, some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits. Why do these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?

Reading Focus – Language Point 1. Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. (para.1) hurricane: a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 飓风 e.g. A drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane drove it in sheets along the ground. similar terms: typhoon/ monsoon季风/ trade wind 信风

Reading Focus – Language Point vicious: violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically恶毒的 e.g. a vicious murder a vicious killer 2) very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone‘s feelings or make their character seem bad, 有恶意的 e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice. similar words: malicious, evil, violent, savage残暴成性的, cruel, ferocious残忍的, fierce凶猛的

Reading Focus – Language Point 2. There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. (para.2) flourish: develop well and be successful e.g. The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing. thrive: e.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.

Reading Focus – Language Point 3. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide:…… (Para. 3) fledgling: a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g. Nursed the fledgling business through an economic downturn.

Reading Focus – Language Point 4. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.(para.4) paradoxes: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g. He was a paradox-a loner独来独往的任 who loved to chat to strangers. The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.

Reading Focus – Language Point 5. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical,…… (papa.11) transform: to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it e.g. The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar超级巨星. After three weeks we noticed a total transformation in his behavior.

Reading Focus – Language Point 6. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (para.12) 翻译：在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action Task 1 Read the words and their explanations in the box. Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning. Change the form if necessary.(P14) Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- woke a. provinces b. trouble a. haunt b. wake b. weathers d. trouble b. coined c.

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action Key 9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20- weather c. province c. coin a. value a. haunts a. has promised a. trouble c. coin b. promise d. values c. refrain b. valued e.

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action Task 2 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P15) adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidal preoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquil deprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately The ___________ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home. 2. Technological advances might ___________ lead to even more job losses. tranquil ultimately

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidal preoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquil deprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately 3. In the _____________ of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership. 4. Her kindness and generosity _____________ her occasional flashes of temper. 5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _____________ . 6. Foreign food aid has led to a _____________ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation. aftermath cancel out ordeal drastic

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidal preoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquil deprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately 7. Perhaps her most important ____________ was her program of educational reform. 8. There were food shortages and other ____________ during the Civil War. 9. The new economic policies could prove ____________ for the party. 10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than ____________ . legacy deprivations suicidal anticipated

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidal preoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquil deprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately preoccupied 11. The experience was enough to keep him ___________ for some time. 12. The road to happiness is paved with ___________ . 13. She ___________ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company. 14. He might be influenced by ___________ for the surroundings of his happy youth. 15. In ___________ , I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action. adversities aspires nostalgia retrospect

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action Task 3 Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text. (p.17) 1. Watching your baby being born is ___________________________ (极其令人兴奋的经历). 2. There is __________________________ (内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms. 3. This handout focuses on ___________________________ (自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions. a mind-blowing experience built-in storage space self-protection measures

Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action 4. I’m sure we could offer you some __________________________ (短期的工作). 5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a ________________________ (歪曲的、否定的自我观念)? 6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _____________________ (改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me. 7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in______________________ (无所不包的细节). 8. Having a decent job contributes to _____________________ (一个好的自我形象). short-term employment distorted and negative self-perception life-changing events all-encompassing details a good self-image

Practical Translation

语篇层次的翻译——衔接 语篇（discourse）是在交际功能上相对完整和独立的一个语言片断。为了进行有效的交际活动，语篇应衔接（cohesion）得当，连贯性（coherence）好。衔接手段（cohesive device）是一种谋篇手段，是生成语篇的重要条件之一，也是译者在翻译过程中首先要考虑的问题，因为它直接关系到译文的质量。衔接自然的译文读起来通顺、流畅、连贯；缺乏衔接或衔接不当的译文晦涩难懂，影响阅读，也影响交际功能的实现。

从语篇层面上说，英汉两种语言在形合（hypotaxis）和意合（parataxis）方面的差异。 由于英汉两种语言逻辑思维的不同，英语重“形合”，句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用显性的语言手段来实现，主要是通过各种语法手段和词汇手段，以表示其结构和逻辑关系。因此，英语中长句多。汉语重“意合”，句中各成分之间或句子之间的结合少用甚至不用形式衔接手段，主要靠句子内部的隐性逻辑联系，注重逻辑事理的顺序以及意义和主旨上的衔接和连贯。因此，汉语中短句多，短句间的逻辑关系靠意义来表达，语法处于次要地位。在翻译过程中，要牢记英汉两种语言在形合和意合 上的差别，注意形合和意合之间的转换 和调整。

I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity— an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the grey wall, and the silent tarn—a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. (Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”) 译文： 我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我实实在在地认为那宅院及其周围悬浮着一种它们所特有的空气。那种空气并非生发于天地自然，而是生发于那些枯树残枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一汪死气沉沉的湖水。那是一种神秘而致命的雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。（曹明伦译）

解析： 这个例句选自美国作家爱伦· 坡的小说名篇《厄舍府之倒塌》。整段话其实只有一个完整的句子，共70 个字，它不仅通过多个消极、晦涩、阴暗的形容词，如：decayed, grey, silent, pestilent, mystic, dull, sluggish, leaden-hued 来营造一种凄凉、萧瑟的自然氛围和压抑、沉闷的心理气氛，而且通过一个典型“形合”的长句来烘托这种乏味、阴晦的自然氛围和心理气氛。这个“形合”长句主要采用各种语法手段（如并列句、状语从句、同位语从句、定语从句）以及词汇手段（如词汇atmosphere 的重复）等来表示其结构关系，并进行有机的衔接。在翻译过程中，原语中“显性的语法和词汇手段”不能完全照搬到目标语中，也就是说，不能用带有各种成分的长句来处理这个句子，否则整个汉语句子就会显得拖沓、冗长。因此在正确理解原文内容、弄清原文内在结构的基础上，用三个分句来处理这个长句。分句之间虽然也运用了一定的词汇和语法手段，如重复“空气”一词和运用并列结构“生发于……，生发于……”，分句之间的衔接主要还是靠意义和逻辑关系的连接，先是讲我想象的内容，然后讲想象内容“空气”和周围环境的关系，最后讲这种空气的实质。三个分句环环相扣，层层展开，如果缺少了分句中意义和逻辑关系的衔接，整个句子就无法成为一个有机而连贯的汉语句子。

2) She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun. (Ray Douglas Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451) 译文：（ 她的）容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒来时在黑暗中隐约可见的小小的钟面，报告时刻的钟面。它皎洁而安静，深知时间在飞驰，深信黑暗虽然越来越深沉，却也越来越接近新生的太阳。（苗怀新译）

解析： 这个例句选自美国作家布拉德伯利的著名的反乌托邦小说《华氏451 度》。整段话共80 个字，是一个完整而典型的“形合”句，主要是采用各种语法手段（如被动句、定语从句、宾语从句、并列句）以及运用修辞手法来进行有机的衔接，使原文一气呵成。在翻译过程中，在正确理解原文内容、理清原文内在结构，原语中“显性的语法和词汇手段”，除了两组重复的词（“钟面”、“深知”和“深信”）以及前后指代（“钟面”和“它”）外，大部分都被隐去，取而代之的是汉语中意义和逻辑上的衔接和连贯。译文充分利用汉语的短句形式，按照原文的逻辑顺序，把整个句子切分成两个单句、七个部分。每个部分间层层相连，环环相扣，读起来有读原文那种一气呵成的感觉。如果脱离了汉语句子间意义和逻辑的衔接，整个句子将支离破碎、读起来拗口、别扭。

Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. 1. I’ve been spared a lot, one of the blessed of the earth, at least one of its lucky, that privileged handful of the dramatically prospering, the sort whose secrets are asked, like the hundred-year-old man. 2. And so Franklin Roosevelt found that he had, in effect, to recruit an entirely new and temporary government to be piled on top of the old one, the new government to get the tanks and airplanes built, the uniforms made, the men and women assembled and trained and shipped abroad, and the battles fought and won.

1. 我一直活得无忧无虑，深得上帝垂爱，至少算个幸运儿，少数人才享有的尊荣富贵，我垂手得之。就像百岁人瑞总有人讨教，我的秘诀也总有人探询。 Translation for Reference: 1. 我一直活得无忧无虑，深得上帝垂爱，至少算个幸运儿，少数人才享有的尊荣富贵，我垂手得之。就像百岁人瑞总有人讨教，我的秘诀也总有人探询。 2. 富兰克林· 罗斯福因此意识到他必须招募新班人马，组建临时机构来补强不能胜任的旧政府。新成立的政府机构专门负责建造坦克飞机，定制军服，招募培训战士。这些战士将被派往前线，去赢得一场场的战争。

Focused Writing Personal Letters

Focused Writing — Writing Skill A personal letter is a letter which provides communication between a small number of people, usually two. There are many types of personal letters and they are written for a wide variety of reasons, for example: * obtaining information from an individual or a business; * telling somebody about themselves, for example, pen pals; * sending an individual or a business a social note, such as a thank-you or congratulations; * contacting an acquaintance, a friend or family member, for example, to exchange information.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The Format of a Letter In general, a letter, be it personal or formal, is comprised of the same parts. Let’s take a look at the following specimen format of a personal letter.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill Sender’s address Date Salutation Body of the letter Complimentary close Name or Signature

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The address of the sender The sender’s address is written on the top right-hand corner of the page. Remember that the address of the receiver, which is often referred to as the receiver’s or addressee’s address, is not appropriate in a personal letter.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The date The date is written below the sender’s address with a blank line in between. In the month-day-year system, popular in the United States, a comma is used between the day and the year, as in September 10, 2009 whereas British people tend to adopt the day-month-year mode, as in 10th September 2009 or 10-9-2009.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The salutation The salutation always appears at the left-hand side of the page. The customary “Dear” is used along with the recipient’s first name, if appropriate.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The body of the letter It is the most important part, conveying information to the recipient of the letter. Personal letters are usually “newsy” (信息丰富的) and are written in a chatty or conversational style in most cases. Thus, such contractions like “I’ll” or “doesn’t”, incomplete sentences like “Wonderful news!” and colloquial expressions are acceptable.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The complimentary close It can be placed either on the right-hand or left-hand side below the body of the letter. The most common forms of closing a personal letter are “Yours sincerely” or “Kind regards”. Some other closing phrases, such as “Yours affectionately” and “Love” can also be used where appropriate as a mark of intimacy.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill The name or signature It is placed directly below the complimentary close. The first name only is usual in personal letters e.g. “Kind regards, Jane”. However, the full name or signature may be used in formal letters or when writing to businesses, e.g. “Yours sincerely, Jane White or J. M. White”.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill Suite 975 495 West Village Way New York 10023 October 15th, 2009 Dear Mavis, Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your recent selection for inclusion on the shortlist for the NY City Writers Prize. I just heard the news today from Francis Goodspeed when she dropped into my office with the marked-up proofs for her latest collection of stories. As you can imagine, Fran was very excited too! I am so proud of you. As you know, I have been a long-time promoter of your work, and in my mind it’s about time they finally recognized your talent. In fact, I believe that your selection for the NYCWP short-list is long overdue.

Focused Writing — Writing Skill I have already read two of the other books that are short-listed and in my opinion they don’t hold a candle to your No Turning Back. I will read the other three books nominated and let you know what I think although I could hardly be considered an objective reviewer on this one. Once again Mavis, my sincere congratulations on your nomination. Just being nominated for the NYCWP is an honor in itself. I will be keeping my fingers crossed for you until they announce the winner on March 1st. Best wishes, Brad

Final Project Final Project

Interview and Presentation Final Project Interview and Presentation Task 1 Step One Interview five successful people (professor, school competition winner, scholarship recipient, leader of innovation teams, etc.) about what they have gone through to get where they are. You should include in your questionnaire: age, gender, educational background, life experience, outstanding achievements, opinions on their own life, etc. Step Two Present to the class their experiences and opinions on life.

Task 1 Final Project Step One Interview five students from different schools about their opinions on the following questions. 1. What is the motto of your school (if it has one)? 2. What kind of students does your school aim to educate? 3. How do the professors help to achieve the aims of the school? 4. What do you think the school can do to improve the educating of its students? Step Two Summarize their opinions and present them in the class.

Thank You!