旅游翻译

1、旅游文本的主要功能及其基本翻译策略 2、英汉旅游文本的平行文本比较 3、旅游翻译中的翻译技巧探讨

旅游文本的主要功能及其基本翻译策略 旅游翻译主要包括：旅游景点介绍、旅游宣传广告、告示标牌、民俗风情画册等各方面的内容。 讲解重点：

旅游翻译的主要功能：诱导行动 （诱导功能） 纽马克认为：以“诱导功能”为主要功能的文本的核心在“读者层”，其翻译目的就是为了“销售书本和取悦读者”。 诺德也认为：要实现文本的诱导功能，其文本形式通常要顺应目的语在文本类型、风格、语域和体式等方面的标准与规范。

旅游文本的平行文本比较 Sample one: Rough, black rocks of lava just out of the water along parts of the coastline. In some places, cliffs rise almost straight from the water’s edge. Along the gentle sloping land areas to the southeast are beaches of yellow, white and black sands.

Sample two: The harbor looked most beautiful in its semi-circle of hills and half-lights. The color of a pearl gray and a fairly texture. This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones.

汉语文本1 进入山中，重峦叠嶂，古木参天；峰回路转，云断桥连；涧深谷幽，天光一线；灵猴嬉戏，琴蛙奏弹；奇花铺径，别有洞天。春季万物萌动，郁郁葱葱；夏季百花争艳，姹紫嫣红；秋季红叶满山，五彩缤纷；冬季银装素裹，白雪皑皑。 《锦绣峨眉》

汉语文本2 沿锦绣谷傍绝壁悬崖修筑的石级便道游览，可谓“路盘松顶上，穿云破雾出。”谷中千岩竞秀，万壑回萦；断崖天成，石林挺秀，峭壁峰壑如雄狮长啸，如猛虎越涧，似捷猿攀登，似仙翁盘坐，栩栩如生。 《庐山锦绣谷》

风格差异 1. 行文用字习惯不同 英文旅游文本： 风格简约，结构严谨； 直观通俗，信息准确； 景物描写着重客观的具象传达，忠实再现自然，让读者有明确具体的印象。

汉语旅游文本： 辞藻渲染重于自然景色的客观描述，语言表达以对偶平行结构和四字结构为主，行文工整，声律对仗，试图达到诗情画意的效果。

2、文化影响下的写作美学不同 英文文本： 强调模仿与再现，在描绘外界自然美时，总是“站在自然外”去欣赏自然之美，语言表达客观实在，景物刻画直观明了。

汉语文本： 强调客观景物与主观情感高度和谐、浑为一体的浑然之美，在描绘外界自然美的同时传递内在的情感美。景物描写明晰不足而含蓄有余。

原文与译文对比 Sample 1 Tiny islands are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace. Hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand.

译文 座座岛屿玲珑小巧，紧密相连，像一串珍珠缀成的项链，环绕着半岛边缘。岛上珊瑚礁红，椰树成荫，沙滩如银，景色如诗如画。

Sample 2: The youngest of the Rocky Mountains, the Teton Range is a spectacular sight. Enhanced by glaciers, deep canyons, snowfields, and lakes, the range shoots up suddenly, with no foothills around it. National Geographic

译文一： 落基山脉中最年轻的特顿山脉景色壮观，在冰川、深谷、雪地、湖泊的衬托下，它突兀而起，四周悬崖峭壁。 译文二： 虽为落基山脉中的小字辈，特顿山却独具魅力，它拔地而起，绝壁凌空，冰川与峡谷相望，雪原与碧湖交映，湖光山色，冰雪晶莹，景色蔚为壮观。

Sample 3: 这里三千座奇峰拔地而起，形态各异，有的似玉柱神鞭，立地顶天；有的像铜墙铁壁，巍然屹立；有的如晃板累卵，摇摇欲坠；有的若盆景古董，玲珑剔透。神奇而又真实，迷离而又实在，不是艺术创造胜似艺术创造，令人叹为观止。

译文一： 3000crags rise in various shapes. They are like whips or pillars propping up the sky; or huge walls, solid and sound; or immense eggs piled on an unsteady boarder; or miniature rocky curios. Fantastic but actual, dreamy but real! They are not artistic works, but more exquisite than artistic works. One can not help marveling at the acme of perfection of Nature’s creation.

译文二 3000 crags rise in various shapes: pillars, columns, walls, shaky egg stacks and potted landscapes, conjuring up unforgettably fantastic images.

翻译练习 这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。

参考译文 It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.

翻译练习2 青城山素有“幽甲天下”的美誉。它层峦叠嶂，峰峰竞秀，林海莽莽，四季葱茏，青翠欲滴，状如城廓，故名青城。

译文一： Qingcheng Mountain is the most beautiful and quietest mountain. Its peaks over peaks as if to rival who is the best beauty. Boundless luxuriant forest and green trees in every season look like the outline of a city, so it is called Qingcheng.

译文二 Qingcheng Mountain is best known for its serenity. Covered with boundless evergreen forests, it’s naturally laid out in the shape of a town by the ranges of mountains around, hence the name of Qingcheng (a green town).

译文批评 轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼，连成一片的水晶宫，是仙境？是梦境？仰视彩鸽翻飞，低眸漂灯留霓，焰火怒放，火树银花，灯舞回旋，千姿百态。 《龙舟会》宣传材料

轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼，连成一片的水晶宫，是仙境？是梦境？ The lightsome dragon boats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle in the milky way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendid awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairyland or a mere dream?

仰视彩鸽翻飞，低眸漂灯留霓，烟火怒放，火树银花，灯舞回旋，千姿百态。 Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling are the lantern-dancers, who present you a variation of exquisite manner.

一位友好的美国新闻工作者读了英文稿后，做了如下坦率的评论： My first reaction was unfortunately laughter because it is so full of (language) mistakes. It omits some necessary information about the Dragon-Boat Festival, including its historical origins and when it actually takes place.

The copy seems try to “snow” the reader with fanciful, overblown assertions about how terrific it all is, but in unintentionally hilarious language that leaves the reader laughing out uninformed…

It doesn’t tell you where to go, how to get there, when things are open and closed, how much they cost, and so forth. All these are things people visiting an area want to know.

Why is it that many Chinese travel guides read basically the same, no matter what region is being written about, and are so packed with indiscriminate hyperbole? Less exaggeration would actually be more convincing．

On the river, many dragon boats are competing, and some gaily decorated pleasure boats and numerous glittering sailing lamps are floating about. The river banks are lined with luxuriously ornamented awnings that look more glamorous against the background of hovering doves and cracking fireworks in the sky. The lantern-dance parade is another highlight on the bank.

译例2 江岸上彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇，呈现出一派喜气洋洋的节日场面。千姿百态的各式彩龙在江面上游弋，舒展着优美的身姿，有的摇头摆尾，风采奕奕；有的喷火吐水，威风八面。

High-rise buildings ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners stand out along the river banks. On the river itself, gaily decorated dragon boats await their challenge, displaying their individual charms to their hearts’ content. One boat wags its head and tail; another spits fire and sprays water.

旅游翻译中的翻译技巧探讨

增译 对原文中一些带有原语文化色彩和历史背景的重要信息，在译文中采用适当阐释甚至加注释的形式来明确原义，避免译语读者的误解甚至不解。这种增译称为注释性增译.

Sample 1 （桃花源）始建于晋，初兴于唐，鼎盛于宋，大毁于元，时兴时衰于明清，萧条于民国，渐复于解放后，大规模修复开发于1990.

Taohuayuan (the peach flower source) was first built in the Jin Dynasty (256 – 439 AD), began to take shape in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 709), flourished in the Song Dynasty ( 960 - 1297), and went to ruin in the Yuan Dynasty (1279 - 1368).

With ups and downs through the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368- 1911), it was almost abandoned in the times of the Republic of China (1912 -1949). Its restoration was made from the year 1949 and a large scale expansion and development began in 1990.

汉语突出朝代更替是为了显示历史悠久、文化丰富，而国外读者却不太理解，因此需要补充增译，使得原文信息得以准确传达。

Sample 2 路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四个大字。 To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters Yun Wai Liu Chun (Beyond clouds flows spring) written by Su Dongpo, the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127).

省译 对汉语原文中纯粹出于行文用字而又无多大实际意义的表达，出于译文修辞和结构上的考虑，为确保译文的流畅通达，必须对原文表达进行删改，以有效吸引读者。这种方法称为修辞性省译。

Sample 1 她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟。 It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples.

Sample 2 漓江有着不同的季节，不同的气候，自然有它不同的神韵。晴天的漓江，青峰倒映特别迷人。可烟雨漓江，赐给人们的却是另外一种美的享受；细雨如纱，飘飘沥沥；云雾缭绕，似在仙宫，如入梦境。

The scenery here changes with weathers: In fine days, green mountains are reflected in crystal water while in a misty rain, a fairy texture covers the water with drifting mist and drizzle.

景点名称的翻译 旅游景点名称：专名+通名 专名：景点的实体部分 通名：景点的类别 昆明湖：昆明+湖 昆仑山：昆仑+山

常见自然景观通名 九龙山 七星岩 神女峰 试剑石 莲花池 桃花溪 紫竹林 Hill Crag Peak Stone Pond Stream Grove

常见人文景观通名 望海楼 玉佛寺 拙政园 六和塔 天后宫 君子亭 三义阁 结义纺 黄帝陵 The sea view tower temple Garden Pagoda Palace Pavilion Arch Mausoleum

一、景点名称通常使用的三种方法： 1、音译法 2、意译法 3、音译结合法

音译法：旅游宣传材料与广告中不能简单使用音译法。音译的景点名称不能满足读者或旅游者追新猎奇的心理要求，不能激发了解和体验异国文化的旅游愿望。

意译法：减少读者或旅游者理解上的困难，让读者更多了解景点名胜的文化内涵。 如： 天坛：the Altar to the Gods of the Soil and Grain 金銮殿：throne hall 太和殿：Hall of Supreme Harmony

音译+意译： 使读者既知其名，又晓其意，能激发实地的旅游欲望和兴趣。 乾清宫：Qian Qing Gong (Palace of Heavenly Purity) 养心殿：Yang Xin Dian (Hall of Mental Cultivation) 瑶池：Yao Chi (Lake of Immortals)

翻译练习 武陵源风景名胜区位于湖南省张家界市。总面积264平方公里，由张家界国家森林公园、索溪峪和天子山等组成。境内共有3103座奇峰，姿态万千，蔚为壮观。加之沟壑纵横，溪涧密布，森林茂密，人迹罕至，森林覆盖率85%，植被覆盖率99%。区内地下溶洞串珠贯玉，已开发的黄龙洞初探长度达11公里。武陵源以奇峰、怪石、幽谷、秀水、溶洞“五绝”而闻名于世。

参考译文 Located at Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province and covering 264 square kilometers of land the Wulingyuan Scenic Area encompass the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu and Tianzishan Nature Reserves. In the area, there are 3103 spectacular peaks in total, in all wonderful shapes.

Crisscrossed by valleys, ravines and streams, the densely wooded forests are untraversed by men. Wulingyuan has a forest coverage of 85% and a vegetation coverage of 99%. The chain of underground karst caves stretches like a string of pearls.

The first exploration of Yellow Dragon Cave reveals a length of 11 kilometers. Wulingyuan is known in the world with the following five outstanding features — spectacular peaks, unique rocks, secluded valleys, serene waters, and karst caves.