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Unit 4 Earthquakes

Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 4 Section Ⅲ　Using Language

课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4

课前新知预习

Ⅰ.单词速记 1．__________(n.)条；棒；条状物 2．__________(n.& vt.)损失；损害 3．__________(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓 4．__________(n.)报刊的大字标题 5．__________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬 →frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的 →frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的 6．____________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词 →congratulate(v.)祝贺 bar damage outline headline frighten congratulation

judge sincerely express cycle 7．__________(vt.)断定；判断；判决(n.)裁判员；法官 →judg­(e)ment(n.)判断 8．__________(adv.)真诚地；真挚地 →sincere(adj.)真诚的 9．__________(vt.)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递 →expression(n.)表达；表情 10．__________(v.)骑自行车 →cyclist(n.)骑自行车的人

Ⅱ.短语互译 1．没有用　　　　　　　 ________________ 2．损害；损坏 ________________ 3．募集捐款 ________________ 4．对……感到震惊 ________________ 5．作演讲 ________________ 6．be proud of ________________ 7．express one's thanks to sb. ________________ 8．put up ________________ 9．be known as ________________ 10．in the open air ________________ of no use do damage to raise money be shocked at give a speech 为……而自豪 向某人表达谢意 搭起；建起 作为……而出名 露天；在户外

Ⅲ.完成句子 1．我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获得了第一名。 We ______________________ you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.(that引导的宾语从句) 2．评委团的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, ________________ agreed that it was the best one this year.(名词/代词＋介词＋whom/which引导定语从句)

3．你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。 ____________，this is the day the quake happened thirty­ seven years ago.(as引导的非限制性定语从句) 4．这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。 The man was sleeping downstairs __________________. (when作并列连词) 答案：1.are pleased to tell you that　2.all of whom　3.As you know　4.when the earthquake happened

Ⅳ.课文理解 Choose the best answers according to the passage. 1．The letter comes from ________. A．Office of the City Government of Tangshan B．Office of the New York City C．a Japanese company D．an English club

2．What's the speaking competition about? A．The earthquake in Tangshan. B．The old Tangshan. C．The new Tangshan. D．The new China.

3．The city will open a new park in order to ________. A．honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster B．honour the students who have won the speaking competition C．show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan D．show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan

4．If you are the student who has won the competition, who will you bring to the park? A．My family and teachers. B．My friends. C．My teachers. D．My friends and family. 答案：1～4 ACAD

课堂要点探究 www.xkb1.com

1．damage (1)n.损失；损害 Man has done great damage to his home over the years. 多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。

(2)vt.损害；损失 ①Don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. 不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了你自己的健康。 ②Tyler felt his reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article. 泰勒觉得他的名誉已经因为报纸上的这篇报道而受到了损害。 归纳拓展 do/cause damage to给……造成/带来损坏 damage one's reputation毁坏某人的名誉

易混辨析 damage 一般指对物体或生命的“局部损害”，使整体的价值降低或变得无价值、无作用 Frost caused damage to the crops.霜冻对农作物造成了损害。 You have damaged my bike; you'd better pay to get it repaired.你弄坏了我的自行车，你最好花钱找人修一修。 ruin 一般指经过长时间的侵蚀。也常指对美好的或有希望的事物的破坏 She ruined his prospect.她毁了他的前途。 You'll ruin the chance of getting the job if you wear that shirt for the interview.如果穿那件衬衫去面试，你会断送得到那份工作的机会。 destroy 表示对某事进行完全的破坏，常含“不能或很难修复”的意思。也可表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上“彻底摧毁” All the houses in the village were destroyed in the earthquake.在地震中，这个乡村所有的房子都被毁坏了。

活学活用 用damage, ruin或destroy的适当形式填空 ①Many houses were seriously ________ by the storm and the repair work lasted months. ②The building was completely________. ③To our disappointment, the bad weather ________ our trip. 用damage的相关搭配完成句子 ④The flood ________________(对……造成破坏) the crops. ⑤Drinking and smoking can _______________(有损健康)．

语法单句填空 ⑥He was lucky in the accident but his ________(damage)car is still under repair. 答案：①damaged　②destroyed　③ruined　④caused/did damage to　⑤damage your health　⑥damaged

2．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬 ①Don't stand so near the edge; you're frightening me! 别站得这么靠边，你吓坏我了！ ②She'll be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive. 看到你那样开车，她会吓死的。 ③They frightened the old lady into signing the paper. 他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。

归纳拓展 (1)frighten sb. into/out of(doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事 (2)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的

巧学助记 图文巧记“害怕” Judging from the frightened expression on his face, he is very frightened by the frightening monster. 从他脸上惊恐的表情判断，他被这个令人恐惧的怪物吓坏了。

活学活用 完成句子 ①Miriam ____________ tell her family what had happened. 米丽娅姆太害怕了，她不敢告诉家人所发生的事情。 ②It __________________ but they were very courageous. 那是一段非常令人恐惧的经历，但他们表现得却很勇敢。 语法单句填空 ③Hearing the ________(frighten) story, the little boy had a ______ (frighten) expression on his face.

答案：①was too frightened to ②was a very frightening experience ③frightening; frightened　句意：听到这个令人恐惧的故事，这个小男孩脸上露出害怕的表情。frightening令人恐惧的；frightened受惊的；害怕的。

3．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词 ①—I've just passed my driving test! —Congratulations_to you! ——我刚刚通过驾驶执照考试！ ——恭喜你！ ②Congratulations on a superb performance! 对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！

(1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 归纳拓展 (1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事 (2)congratulate v．祝贺，向……致贺词 congratulate sb. on/upon sth./doing sth.就某事向某人祝贺 She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results. 她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。 www.xkb1.com

名师点津 “祝贺”用法提醒 (1)congratulation作“祝贺”讲时，常以复数形式出现。 (2)congratulate的宾语是人而不是物；celebrate的宾语是某些活动。 ①We held a large party to celebrate his birthday. 我们开了一个盛大的晚会来庆祝他的生日。 ②We congratulated him on winning the game. 我们祝贺他赢得了这场比赛。

活学活用 完成句子 ①She __________________________. 她对他的成功表示祝贺。 ②I want to __________________ your passing your driving test. 我想因你通过驾驶执照考试表示我的祝贺。

语法单句填空 ③—I hear you came first in the final test. ________ (congratulate)! —Thanks. But I think I could have done better. ④The two sportsmen congratulated each other________winning the match by shaking hands. ⑤(2014·陕西，11改编)—I got that job I wanted at the public library. —________(congratulate)! That's good news.

答案：①congratulated him on his success ②express my congratulations on ③Congratulations　考查情景交际。句意：——我听说你在期末考试中得了第一名。祝贺你！——谢谢！但是我想我本来可以做得更好一点。Congratulations祝贺。 ④on　句意：这两个运动员握手祝贺彼此赢得比赛。congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，是固定搭配。 ⑤Congratulations

4．judge (1)n. [C]裁判员；法官 Judges are those who defend right against wrong. 法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。 (2)v. 判断；断定；评价 ①Don't judge a person by/from his appearance. 勿以貌取人。 ②Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. 根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。

[巧学助记] That judge judged that these ancient pictures should be judged by some judges of art. 那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴定家来鉴定。

归纳拓展 (1)judge... by/from... 通过……判断…… judge sb./sth. as/to be... 断定某人/物是…… as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging by/from... 从……来看，根据……判断 (2)judg(e)ment n. 判决；判断；评价 in one's judg(e)ment 在某人看来

名师点津 judging by/from表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。 英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多，例如：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说)，considering (that)．..(考虑到，鉴于，就……而言)，providing/provided (that)．..(假如，倘若……)等。

①Honestly speaking, he is not a person you can trust. 说实话，他不是一个你信得过的人。 ②Considering his age, the child reads quite well. 鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。

活学活用 语法单句填空 ________(judge)from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet. 答案：Judging　句意：根据停靠的车辆来判断，他认为俱乐部中的人还不太多。judging from/by...表示“根据……判断”，作状语。

5．express (1)vt. 表示；表达 I find it hard to express myself in English. 我觉得很难用英语表达自己。 (2)n. [C]特快列车；[U]速递 They are waiting for the 8∶00 express to Shanghai. 他们在等八点去上海的快车。 (3)adj.特快的；快递的 Where do I wait for the express bus to London? 我到哪里等候开往伦敦的特快公共汽车呢？

巧学助记 He expressed his wish that he would go there on an express train. 他表达了他想坐特快列车去那儿的愿望。 归纳拓展 (1)express sth. to sb.(＝express to sb. sth.)向某人表示/表露/表达某事 express oneself表达自己的思想感情 by express通过快递 an express train特快列车 (2)expression n．表达；表情

活学活用 完成句子 ①Young children often have difficulty________(表达自己的意见)． ②I'll send the parcel________(用快递)． 答案：①(in)expressing themselves/their feelings　②by express

Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street. 6．give out (1)vt.发出；放出；公布 Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street. 学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。 (2)vi.用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽 My money began to give out. 我的钱快要用光了。 www.xkb1.com

(3)发出，放出(热、光等) The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. 散热器释放出大量的热量。 (4)公布；宣布；播放 They gave out the names of the winners. 他们宣布了获胜者的名字。

归纳拓展 give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密) give in 屈服；交上 give off 发出(气味、光、热等) give up 放弃

活学活用 用适当的介词或副词填空 ①I need to give ________ some of these old baby clothes. ②But finally, he was forced to give ________. ③The flowers gave ________ a sweet smell. ④The doctor advised him to give ________ smoking. ⑤The teacher gave ________ the exam papers. ⑥Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give________ the shocking ending. 答案：①away　②in　③off　④up　⑤out　⑥away

7．As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty­seven years ago. 你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。 句式分析 as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。关系代词as可引导非限制定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。

①As is known to us all, the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。 ②He is absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了，他经常这样。 www.xkb1.com

名师点津 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。 (2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。 (3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。

活学活用 语法单句填空 ①(2012·福建高考改编) The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 仿写句子 ②众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。 _______________________________________________ 单句改错 ③He failed in the mid­term exam, it made his parents upset.

答案：①as　考查定语从句。句意：正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。as“正如，正像”，引导定语从句，先行词为the air quality。 ②As everybody knows, Mo Yan is a famous writer. ③it改为which

8．The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. 这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。 句式分析 be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，这时突然……，when连接两个并列分句。 I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off. 我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。

活学活用 仿写句子。 ①前些天他正步行上学的时候，突然下起雨来。 _______________________________________________ 语法单句填空 ②We were swimming in the river ________ the storm started. 答案：①He was walking to school the other day when it began to rain. ②when　考查并列连词。句意：我们正在河里游泳，这时暴风雨突然来了。be doing sth. when...正在做某事，突然……。when意为“那时突然”。

课堂达标验收

①I was ________ of being left by myself in the house. Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 (1)frighten ①I was ________ of being left by myself in the house. ②That's a ________ thought. (2)congratulation ①He even never stopped to ________ me. ②On arriving there, we offered our ________ to him on his success. www.xkb1.com

(3)judge ①I can't ________ whether he is right or wrong. ②________ from his expression, he was satisfied with my work. (4)sincerely ①He is a ________ man. ②I ________ hope I'll see her again. (5)express ①He knows only a little English so he can't ________ himself fluently. ②He looked at her plate with an ________ of satisfaction.

(6)damage ①The accident did a lot of ________ to the car. ②Many houses were ________ by the heavy rain. 答案：(1)①frightened　②frightening (2)①congratulate　②congratulations (3)①judge　②Judging　(4)①sincere　②sincerely (5)①express　②expression　(6)①damage　②damaged

Ⅱ.语法单句填空 1．You can tell from the ________(express) on his face that he didn't do very well in the exam. 答案：expression　句意：你可以从他脸上的表情看出，他考得不好。expression表达，表情。 2．Washington, a state in the United States, was named ________honour of one of the greatest American presidents. 答案：in　考查介词短语辨析。句意：华盛顿，美国的一个州，是为了纪念一位美国最伟大的总统而命名。

3．The cow ________(frighten) by the fire rushed out into the street. 答案：frightened　考查非谓语动词。句意：被火惊吓的牛跑到街上去了。此处是分词作定语，frighten和cow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。 4．—I have never found a better position. —________(congratulate)． 答案：Congratulations　考查情景交际。句意： ——我找到了一个最好的职位。——祝贺你。never＋比较级表达的是最高级的意义。Congratulations祝贺。

5．________(judge) from what he has been doing, Mr 5．________(judge) from what he has been doing, Mr. Smith seems to be a person we can depend on. 答案：Judging　句意：根据他一直做的事情来判断，史密斯先生似乎是我们可以信赖的人。judging from/by是固定短语，意为”根据……来判断”。 6．She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. 答案：whom　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友，我以前从没见过。

7．Luckily, the traffic accident didn't do damage________ either of the cars. 答案：to　考查固定搭配。句意：幸运的是，这次交通事故对两辆车没有造成什么损害。do damage to对……造成损害。 8．—What's wrong with you yesterday? —When I was playing football, my strength gave________ and I fell down. 答案： out　句意：——你昨天怎么了？——当我正在踢足球时，我筋疲力尽，摔倒了。give out意为“用完，用尽”，符合句意。

答案：As 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如他父母所期望的，他被一家大公司录取了。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，意为“正如”。 9．He was about to tell me the secret ________ someone patted me on the shoulder. 答案：when　考查状语从句的连词。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密时，突然有人拍我的肩膀。when那时。be about to do... when...即将做某事这时突然……，是固定句型。 10．________ his parents expected, he was accepted as a member by the big company. 答案：As　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如他父母所期望的，他被一家大公司录取了。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，意为“正如”。 www.xkb1.com

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