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Unit 4 Earthquakes

Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 4 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language

课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4

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观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)所指代的词及在定语从句中所作的成分 ①A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. (指代____________，作____________) ②Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. ③I don't know the girl whom you talked to just now.

④The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (指代____________，作____________) ⑤Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 答案：①crack；主语　②quake；主语　③the girl；宾语　 ④people；主语　⑤survivors；定语

课堂要点探究

who; whom; whose; which; that; as 一、基础点拨 1．定义及分类。 定语从句 定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that; as 关系副词 when; where; why 关系词的 三个作用 代替先行词 在定语从句中作句子成分 引导定语从句

This is the film which/that created a great sensation This is the film which/that created a great sensation. (which/ that在定语从句中作主语) 这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。 The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. (which/that在定语从句中作宾语) 他们寄给我的书非常好。 The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. (who/that在定语从句中作主语) 偷你汽车的人已经被捕获了。

The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here.(whom/that在定语从句中作宾语) 我见到的那个人让我到这里来。 Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (whose在定语从句中作定语) 请把黑色封面的字典递给我。

(1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语。 名师点津 (1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语。 (2)作宾语或表语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语。 (3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)。 (4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。 www.xkb1.com

(5)如果whose所修饰的是无生命的名词，常可用“the＋名词＋of＋which(指物)”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”代替“whose＋名词”。 This is the office in which I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的办公室。 This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) were all painted green. 这就是窗户都被漆成绿色的那幢楼。

二、难点突破 关系词只用that，而不用which或who的情况： 1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。 2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 这是我游览过的最漂亮的公园。

3．当先行词被the only，the very, the last修饰时。 Chatting was the only thing that interested her. 聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。 4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。

5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不是过去那个样子了。

名师点津 如何选用关系代词？ 第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。 第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。 第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：

He is the only one of the students who knows English. (先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。 He is one of the students who know English. (先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。

课堂达标验收

1．John is the boy ________ legs were badly injured in the accident. Ⅰ.语法单句填空 1．John is the boy ________ legs were badly injured in the accident. 答案：whose　考查定语从句。句意：那个在车祸中腿严重受伤的男孩是约翰。先行词the boy和legs是所属关系。whose在从句作legs的定语。 2．You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this school ________ may interest you. 答案：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：你可以在网上搜寻你感兴趣的关于这所学校的评论和新闻报道。分析从句成分可知关系代词在从句中作主语。 www.xkb1.com

3．The most interesting book ________ I want to read is Howl's moving castle. 答案：that　考查定语从句。句意：我想读的最有趣的书是《哈尔的移动城堡》。先行词book被形容词的最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，而不用which。 4．The engineer ________ my father works with is about 50 years old. 答案：whom/who　考查定语从句。句意：和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁了。分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少with的宾语，先行词为the engineer。

5．Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? 答案：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的养鸡场吗？先行词为the chicken farm，从句中visit缺宾语，故应用关系代词。 6．Effective measures ________ will prevent the spread of the new disease should be taken in time. 答案：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：应该及时采取有效的措施来阻止这种新疾病的蔓延。先行词为effective measures，从句中缺主语。

7．They talked about their classmates and things ________ they still remembered in middle school. 答案：that　考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论了他们依然记得的中学的同学和事情。先行词为classmates and things，先行词表示人和物，关系代词用that而不用which。 8．The Sound of Music is the first English film ________ I have ever seen. 答案：that　考查定语从句。句意：《音乐之声》是我看过的第一部英语电影。先行词是English film，前面有序数词the first修饰，故关系词用that而不用which。

9．Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. 答案：who；who　考查定语从句。句意：一天喝两杯咖啡的妇女患心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女要高。此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。 10．In the end, she decided to sell the house ________ windows were almost all broken. 答案：whose　考查定语从句。句意：最后，她决定把窗户几乎都坏了的房子卖掉。先行词the house和windows是所属关系，whose在从句中作定语。whose windows＝of which the windows。

11．The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers ________ are currently employed in Guangdong Province. 答案：who　考查定语从句。句意：月薪的增加将会让2,300多万在广东省打工的流动工人受益。先行词为more than 23 million migrant workers，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。 12．Bears often hide themselves in places ________ can't be found by hunters. 答案：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：熊经常把自己藏在猎人发现不了的地方。先行词是places，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词that或which。 www.xkb1.com

13．The reason ________ she gave for her being late was ________ she was caught in a traffic jam. 答案：that/which；that　考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行词，且在从句中作gave的宾语，故应用关系代词。第二个空是表语从句的引导词，且从句中不缺成分，故应用that。

14．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting? 答案：that　考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：在会议上你还有什么要说的吗？先行词是不定代词anything，从句中缺少say的宾语。 15．Do you know the man ________ the little girl is turning to for help? 答案：whom/who　句意：你知道小女孩正在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？

Ⅱ.选用合适的关系代词填空 1．The boy ________ saved your grandma is my neighbor. 2．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. 3．The book ________ I bought yesterday is on English grammar. 4．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn? 5．All ________ can be eaten has been eaten up. 6．This is the biggest laboratory ________ we have ever built in our school.

7．The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 8．It is the day ________ I'll never forget. 9．The place ________ interested me most was the Children's Palace. 10．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country? 答案：1.who/that　2.that/who/whom　3.that/which　4.that　5.that　6.that　7.that　8.which/that　9.which/that　10．whose

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