定 语 从 句 梁昱婷 晋城一中

知识回顾 定语：用于修饰、限定名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或句子的成分。在中文中,定语一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之前；而在英文中则不同：单纯的形容词、分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；副词、分词短语和从句作定语时，要放在所修饰词之后。 例如： 她是一个善良的女孩。 She is a kind girl. 这个正在跑步的女孩是我的同学。 This running girl is my classmate. 这里的大多数人互相认识。 Most of the people here know each other. 请回答Mary提出的问题。 Please answer the question given by Mary.

哈利波特是一个拥有魔法的男孩。 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. 定语从句 概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as 关系词：引导定语从句的词 关系副词 when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可代替先行词，在定语从句中做一个成分。

限制性定语从句：顾名思义，是修饰、限制先行词的从句，在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号与主句分开。 例如： This is the movie that I saw yesterday. 非限制性定语从句：起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开。 例如： I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.

一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.which, that 可代替先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is mine. (which / that在句中作宾语) 注意：关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 2. who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中做宾语）

3.whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语，若指物，它可以同of which互换，若指人，它可以同of whom互换。例如：　 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. Jack is a senior one student whose father works in a hospital. Jack is a senior one student of whom the father works in a hospital. 关系代词that和who都可以指人，that和which 都可以指物，其用法有什么区别呢？

关系代词that和who的区别 以下几种情况中，常用who, 而少用that： a)先行词是one, ones, anyone时 Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work. b)先行词是those时 Those who want to see the film sign up here. c)在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you.

关系代词that和which的区别 以下几种情况中，只用that引导定语从句，不用which： a)先行词为不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little时 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b)先行词前有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all修饰时 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. c)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或由序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 The train is the last that will go to Suzhou. What is the first American film that you have seen?

d)先行词既有人，又有物时 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which is the bike that you lost? f)先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 He is not the man that he used to be.

以下情况中，不能用that引导定语从句： The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food.

1. He lives in a hotel, _____ is only five minutes’ walk from here. 2. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us. 3. On the train I saw a student _____ I thought was your sister. 4. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know. 5. That tree, ________ branches are almost bare, is very old. 6. It was not until evening _____ the traveler found a hotel. (which; that; whom; that; whose; that)

二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中分别做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。例如： I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer. Beijing is the place where I was born. Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

请大家补全以下两个句子： I still remember the days we spent together in school? Beijing is the place I visited last year. which/that which/that 注意：并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： I still remember the day on which I first met Jennifer. Beijing is the place in which I was born. Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 He is the man whom I talked this morning. This is the farm which he is working. She has written a book , the name which I have forgotten. There are five continents in the world , the largest which is Asia. to on of of 介词的选择： 1.取决于从句中谓语动词同介词的常规搭配； 2.取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配； 3.句意需要

1. Winter is the time of year _____ the days are short and nights are long. 2. The wolves hid themselves in the places _______ couldn’t be found. 3. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept. 4. May the fourth is the day ____ which we Chinese people will never forget. 5. He is a man of great experience, _____ which much can be learned. 6. Look! The engineer _____ my father was talking is his best friend. (when; which/that; where; on; from; with whom)

四、关系代词as的用法 1.as多用于引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语，as为“正如，正像”之意；并且从句中多为see, know, expect, say,expect, think, suppose等动词 Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one's health. As is known to all, China is a developing country. 由as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，例如： The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 但要注意，as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

2.as 的用法 the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 意为“和……一样……” I studied in the same school as she did in Beijing. We should have such a dictionary as he has.