The v-ing form as the Subject and Object Unit2 Grammar The v-ing form as the Subject and Object 动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语

看图完成下面的句子。 Playing football _______ _______ is my favourite sport.

My sister enjoy _________ alone on the seashore. standing

We watched the Micky Mouse _________. running

developing China is a ___________ country.

singing We heard Tommy _______ in his room.

She sat at the desk _______ a newspaper. reading

千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！ 不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。它有时态和语态的变化。

Got It? 时 态 和 语 态 类 别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词 形式 主 动 被 动 主 动 一般式 doing 时 态 和 语 态 类 别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词 形式 主 动 被 动 主 动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done Got It?

如果分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时进行，就用doing。 eg. Hearing the news, she jumped with joy. They left the room talking and laughing. 如果分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前已经完成，就用having done。 eg. Having finished my work, I took a rest. Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well.

当v-ing的逻辑主语是v-ing动作的承受者时，用被动式: 同时进行就用being done。 eg. That building being repaired is our building. You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. 如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,用having been done; Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smokjng .

一、动词-ing 形式作主语 1. 直接置于句首 (1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do． 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 (2)Learning new words is very important for me． 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 (3)Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

动名词和不定式作主语的区别： doing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为； to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 eg. Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will be dangerous. Smoking is prohibited here. To smoke so much isn’t good for you.

2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移 置句尾。 (1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 (2)It’s worth making the effort. 这事值得努力去做。 (3)It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。

3. 在there be no结构中作主语。这种结构 的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。 (1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 (2)Here is no joking abuto such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 (3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。

动名词作主语的形式主语句型 1.It is no use /good doing…. 2.It is not any use/good doing…. 3.It is worthwhile doing…. 4.It is hardly worth doing…. 5.There is no doing…. 6.It’s a waste of time doing…. eg.It’s no good telling her all the truth. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. There is no talking what will happen. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. It is worthwhile trying this experiment.

二、动词-ing 形式作宾语 1. 只能后接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand， excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。

2. 既可接动词-ing 又可接不定式作宾语的 动词，常见的有：begin，start， continue，like，love，prefer，by， mean，forget，remember，hate等。 love, like, prefer, hate, + doing 表示一般倾向性. to do表示一次具体动作 eg. I like chatting on the Internet. I like to go to the cinema tonight.

在动词forget，remember，regret之后，动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。 begin, start, continue + doing / to do 区别不大. 如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing. eg. She starts making preparations at eight every day. I was beginning to get worried. She began to understand what they really wanted. The meat began to give off a bad smell. 在动词forget，remember，regret之后，动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。 eg.I remember posting the letter. I’ll remember to post the letter. I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. Don’t forget to write to your mother.

在try，mean之后，try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。 eg: We must try to get everything done in time. 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 Let’s try doing the working in some other way. 我们用别的方法做这个工作试试。 I didn’t mean to make you angry. 我并不想让你生气。 Your plan would mean spending hours. 你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。

Please go on doing the same exercise. go on to do接着做另一件事。 Please go on doing the same exercise. Please go on to do the other exercise. stop doing停止做; stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。 We stopped talking. 我们停止了交谈。 We stopped to talk. 我们停下来去谈话。

allow,advise, forbid, permit + doing allow,advise,forbid,permit +sb. +to do eg. We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke. need, require, want + doing (主动形式表被动意义) to be done eg. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning. to be cleaned.

3. 作介词宾语 下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：add to, look forward to, lead to, pay attention to,stick to, devote oneself to, object to, get down to,get / be used to + doing

三、作宾语补足语 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.

能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住： make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。 “三让,三看,两听,注意感觉”。

eg. He has two letters to write. 四、作定语 不定式与现在分词作定语的区别: 不定式作定语通常指将来的动作. 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行. eg. He has two letters to write. Do you know the man sitting at the desk ?

五、作 状 语 现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。 Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out. 时间 Being ill, he went home. 原因 Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town. 条件 European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98) 结果 He read a magazine waiting for the bus. 伴随

v-ing与to do作结果状语的区别 v-ing一般表示显而易见的结果. to do 表示预想不到的结果. eg. I hurried to the office, only to find it was closed. European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.

1、v-ing的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略； Working hard, you will succeed. Being ill, she stayed at home. Having failed many times, he didn’t lose his heart. You should answer the question using another way. Yesterday, I called you ,____ you some information on computer. A.asked B. asking C. and ask D. to ask 逻辑主语 B

2、当v-ing的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,v-ing得有自己的主语,不可省略。 eg. Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Great wall. The shower being over, we continued to march. The guest having left, he began to take a short rest. Miss Gao falling ill, Mr Wang took her class instead.

补充：常见的v-ing固定用语 1）judging by/ from 根据……判断 eg.Judging from his accent, he is from Hubei. generally / strickly / broadly speaking 一般/ 严格/广义 说来 eg.Generally speaking, the most important news is on the front page. 3)Taking everything into account 把一切都考虑在内 eg.Taking everything into account, his decision is not so bad. 4) talking of 谈到，说道 eg.of the football match, which side won ? 5) not counting 不把……计算在内 6) Considering 考虑到 eg.Considering the bad weather,the sports meet was delayed.

Have a try! Have you forgotten ___ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing

My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking

The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh

Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂 贵), it is worth ______. A Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂 贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied

We are both looking forward to __ next week. A We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation (休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation

Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared

The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed

给你们点赞！ Translation 1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。 Travelling abroad is very exciting. 2 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。 3 我记得在哪里见过他。 4 我后悔没听你的劝告。 5 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。 Travelling abroad is very exciting. It’s no use waiting here. Let’s go. I remember seeing her somewhere. I regret not following your advice. Helping others means helping yourself. 给你们点赞！

Homework:Writing a short para Write about a person you love or respect using the v-ing. As the following: Changchang is a smart boy. Playing model cars is his favourite. And he also likes running. It seems playing is his job every day. Besides, he enjoys talking so much that it seems that he never stops talking until he goes to sleep. Maybe that is why he is good at telling stories.

Guided Writing Design a poster Homework: 1.设计一张海报复习归纳名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句）相关规则！ 2.制作一张人称代词卡片 如何创作海报 海报写作属于应用文写作。海报是一种宣传广告，其内容是向广大群众提供活动信息、介绍产品或说服别人等。