at the Management Level School of Foreign Language Studies Book 2 New Horizon College English Unit 7 Section A Women at the Management Level School of Foreign Language Studies Nantong University

Pre-reading Activities Text Study Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Idea Sharing Writing

Pre-reading Activities Look & Talk Questions & Answers

Pre-reading Activities Look and Talk Look at the set of pictures regarding the topic of women and workplace. Use an adjective to describe each picture and discuss the questions. overwhelmed / frustrated happy confident / contented strong

Pre-reading Activities Do you agree women’s role is getting more and more important at work? Why or why not? If you’re given a choice, would you choose a male or female boss? Questions & Answers

Pre-reading Activities 3. From your best knowledge, how would you depict a male boss and a female boss? 4. In your opinion, how many types of bosses are there in the workplace? Please classify. 5. Do you think you would be a happy and competent housewife/househusband? Why or why not? Questions & Answers

Pre-reading Activities Questions & Answers Yes, because of the increasing number of female managers. No, because men still occupy the important positions, and women’s role is still subordinate. 2. I prefer a female boss because they are more considerate and nicer. I prefer a male boss because they are more determined and task-oriented.

Pre-reading Activities 3. A male boss is more decisive, and a female boss is more reasonable. 4. Responsible, accessible, helpful, efficient, nice, bossy, mean, cold. 5. No, because I don’t like to do housework and it’s boring. Yes, because it is rewarding and worthwhile to create a comfortable household environment for my family. Questions & Answers

Text Study Understanding Structure Analysis Summary Reproduction

I. Understanding Answer the following questions: Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding Answer the following questions: 1. Why did Monica change her idea 20 years later when she was asked the same question whether she would work for a male or a female attorney? (Para.1) Female bosses are much more accessible to their employees and much more sensitive and intimate with their employees.

Text Study—Understanding 2. Why are female bosses today still finding they face subtle resistance? (Para.2) There are still some people who report that they have a low tolerance for female bosses.

Text Study—Understanding 3. Based on the text, what kind of working style does Monica have? (Para.3) She has a more flexible, understanding style in working and is willing to give power to others and seeks consensus.

Men are more typically hierarchical Women manage diplomatically Text Study—Understanding 4. What does research say regarding the different working styles between men and women? (Para.4) Men are more typically hierarchical ,goal-oriented and feel entitled . Women manage diplomatically and share power.

Text Study—Understanding 5. What happens when both men and women are working for a female boss? (Para.5) While women may feel more comfortable with a female boss, men often have to spend a long time making concessions to the new working styles.

Text Study—Understanding 6. What’s implied from the example of women’s tears and men’s feeling toward their tears? (Para.6) Their entirely different ways of thinking, and their opposite attitudes toward the same situations.

Text Study—Understanding 7. According to Deborah, why is her authority sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender? (Para.8) It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women. Men are more authoritative, thus demanding more power than women.

Text Study—Understanding 8. What can you infer from what Nina says about the best management styles? (Para.10) Women could be perceived to work together with men to create the best management style.

II. Structure Analysis Conclusion Introduction Body Text Study—Structure analysis II. Structure Analysis Introduction Body Conclusion

Female bosses in the workplace Structure Analysis Structure of the Text Introduction: Female bosses in the workplace Monica’s story: 20 years later, she changed her preference from working for a male boss to a female boss. (Para. 1) Raise the question: Do men and women manage differently? (Para. 2)

Examples to illustrate each sub-points Main Idea & Structure Structure of the Text Examples to illustrate each sub-points Why male and female bosses manage differently? (Paras. 6-8) What are the obstacles for female bosses? (Para. 9) How male and female bosses are different in working styles? (Paras. 4-5) How female bosses manage? (Para. 3)

Conclusion The day when the best management styles are composed of both male and female will come soon. (Para. 10)

Women at the management level Text Study—Summary III. Summary Women at the management level When Monica applied for a job as an , she preferred to work for a male , as female bosses are much more , more sensitive and their employees. The female bosses’ working style is more ___________, more ____________, more team-oriented, and they tent to _________________ and always look for a ____________ . As a result, employees are happy and ____________because they have _________________instead of being __________________; their energies are put to use. administrative assistant attorney accessible intimate with flexible understanding delegate power consensus flourish input into decisions passive bystanders (to be continued)

III. Summary (to be continued) Text Study—Summary According to _________ studies, men are _________________ , goal-oriented and _____________ while women manage ___________ and skillfully. The difference ___________ the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women. Men are more ______________ than women, thus demanding more power than women. Though a few decades ago there were fewer female bosses in leading positions, women could now be __________ to work together with men to create the best management style. plausible typically hierarchical feel entitled diplomatically stems from authoritative perceived (to be continued)

Text Study—reproduction IV. Reproduction Work in pairs and create a dialogue on the topic “What are the differences between men and women when it comes to their working styles?”. Use as many words & phrases learnt in Section A as possible.

Notes to the Text 1 Active Expressions 2 Focus Study

I. Active Expressions Functional Patterns Functions & Usages 1. sb. would rather do sth. 表达优先选择的一种方式，“表示宁愿；宁可；还是…为好”，后接动词原形 2. sb. do sth., by contrast, sb. else do sth. else. “表示与…相比之下” ，用于对比，以显示出两人或事物的差异。 3. Some proclaim / announce / reveal / state / propose / indicate / post / declare… “表示某人宣称…(持有…样的观点)”，用来提出某人的立场、观点、想法等 4. There is no dispute that… “用来表示对某事没有争议” 26

原句译文 逆译练习 句型提炼 1971年，莫妮卡申请一个行政助理的工作时，她被问到：想与男律师共事还是与女律师共事。 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. (Para.1. L.1) 句型提炼 27

句型提炼 应用提示 句型应用 sb. would rather do sth. 表达优先选择的一种方式，“表示宁愿；宁可；还是…为好”，后接动词原形 句型应用 28

典型例句 意群提示 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们如你所愿都离开这儿。 (be alone / as you please) If you would rather be alone, we’ll all leave here as you please.

原句译文 逆译练习 句型提炼 相反，女人则是灵活变通的，愿意分享权力。 Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share power. (Para.4. L.2) 句型提炼 30

句型提炼 应用提示 句型应用 sb. do sth., by contrast, sb. do sth. else. “表示与…相比之下” ，用于对比，以显示出两人或事物的差异。 句型应用 31

典型例句 意群提示 她考试差点不及格，相比之下，她的妹妹考得很好。 ( failed the exam) She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well.

原句译文 逆译练习 句型提炼 有人宣称：有着类似背景、经验和抱负的男性和女性，基本上以同样的方式来进行管理。 Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. (Para.4. L.4) 句型提炼 33

句型提炼 Some proclaim / announce / reveal / state / propose / indicate/ declare … 应用提示 “表示某人宣称…(持有…样的观点)”，用来提出某人的立场、观点、想法等 句型应用 34

典型例句 意群提示 在法庭上，被告宣称自己是无辜的。 (the accused / innocent / not guilty) At the court, the accused proclaimed that he was innocent / not guilty.

原句译文 逆译练习 句型提炼 另一方面，几十年前她们工作的地方几 乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。 On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace. (Para.10. L.1) 句型提炼 36

句型提炼 There is no dispute that… 应用提示 表示“对某事没有争议”。 句型应用 37

典型例句 意群提示 这是不争的事实：家人和亲属是居家老人的主要支持来源。 (primary source / senior people) There is no dispute that family and relatives are the primary source of support for senior people at home.

II. Focus Study Word Using Word building Chinese to English

Word using Practical Phrases Specific Meanings Focus Study—Word using Word using Practical Phrases Specific Meanings 1. be disposed to do sth. 愿意做某事；乐于做某事 2. on both counts 在两个方面 3. feel at ease with sb. 感到放松，不拘束 4. make a concession / concessions to 为对某事或某想法取得一致意见作出妥协 5. come down to 归结为 6. take exception to sth. 因某事而生气 7. burst into 突然迸发

be disposed to do sth. 短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 愿意做某事；乐于做某事 短语逆译 短语应用 尽管父母反对，他反复强调他也乐意留下来。 意群提示 (despite of parents’ disapproval ) Despite of his parents’ disapproval, he repeated that he would also be disposed to stay.

on both counts 短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 在两个方面 短语逆译 我原以为他是个善良、诚实的人，但这两点我都想错了。 意群提示 (take it for granted that ) I took it for granted that he was a kind and honest person, but I was wrong on both counts.

feel at ease with sb 短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using （与某人在一起）感到放松，不拘束 短语逆译 短语应用 与教师相处融洽有助于学习过程。 意群提示 (learning process /be facilitated) The learning process will be facilitated if you feel at ease with your teacher.

短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 为对某事或某想法取得一致意见作出妥协 make a concession /concessions to 短语逆译 短语应用 为了达成和解并继续往常的业务，我们公司已对他们作出妥协。 意群提示 (reach a settlement / as usual) Our company has made a concession to them in order to reach a settlement and to continue with business as usual.

come down to 短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 归结为 短语逆译 我们能不能去欧洲度假的决定最终都归结到钱，即我们能有多少钱。 意群提示 (whether or not/ go on a vacation/ can afford) The decision whether or not we can go on a vacation to Europe comes down to money in the end; that is, how much money we can afford.

短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 因某事而生气（烦恼） take exception to sth. 短语逆译 短语应用 由于在社交网络上没有隐私可言，我们对自己受到监视很生气。 意群提示 (no privacy /social networks / be spied on) As there is no privacy in social networks, we take exception to being spied on.

burst into 短语应用 意群提示 Focus Study—Word using 突然迸发（尤指开始唱歌、哭、笑等） 短语逆译 操场的对面，传来一个好消息，所有的人都激动起来。 意群提示 (across playground ) Across the playground came a good news and all the people burst into excitement.

Word building Focus Study—Word building Words learned New words formed -al/-ial fate fatal horizon horizontal mechanic mechanical occasion occasional proportion proportional Logical logic deny denial commercial commerce -ity relative relativity prior priority coninue continuity actual actuality

Chinese to English Focus Study—C to E 1.毫无争议的是 2.不易察觉的阻力 3.一部分人 4.很难忍受 5.可靠的研究 6.通常有等级观念 7.灵活变通的 8.寻求共识 9.参与决策 10.突然迸发 There is no dispute that… subtle resistance a segment of the population low tolerance for plausible studies typically hierarchical diplomatically looking for a consensus. have an input into decisions burst into

Chinese to English Focus Study—C to E 11.为对某事或某想法取得一致意见作出妥协 12.归结为 13.源于；来自 14.乐于做某事 15.感到放松，不拘束 16.在两个方面 17.因某事而生气 18.遭受性别歧视 19.对…有更强的控制欲 20.与某人相处时太放肆 make a concession / make concessions come down to stem from be disposed to do sth. feel at ease with sb. on both counts take exception to sth. encounter gender discrimination have a strong urge to take liberties with sb.

Idea Sharing Group Work What kind of working style do you prefer? Discuss with your group members, then make a report on the differences between the two ideas.

Writing

Learn to write an essay with examples Features usually focus on particular people, places and events. They cover topics in depth, going further than news articles because they are not meant to report the latest breaking news but rather an in-depth look at a subject. A good feature requires many specific and lively examples, obtained from background research, interviews and observations.

Learn to write an essay with examples In an example essay, you support your point by illustrating it with examples. How many examples you use in an example essay depends on the topic. Also, the examples you use to develop the thesis statement should be representative – fairly support your thesis. To make examples specific and impressive, you need to use descriptive words and direct speeches. 54

Learn to write an essay with examples In addition, to achieve coherence in your example essay, you need to pay attention to the order of examples and proper use of transitions. The examples in an example essay can be organized according to time, familiarity and importance. Meanwhile, body paragraphs in an example essay must be connected so that they can flow smoothly. In other words, the shift from one example to the next shouldn’t be abrupt so that the reader understands clearly the progression of thought. 55

Learn to write an essay with examples Writing Devices Essay Writing Learn to write an essay with examples Transitions to introduce examples include Example 1: One example of … is … First, consider … To begin with, … Example2: Another example of … is … An additional example is … Second / Next, consider … Example 3: Still another example of … is … Third / Finally, consider … The most significant example of … is … 56

Read the sample essay and see how it develops with examples.

Gender barriers still exists Introduction: Topic: Gender barriers still exists Introduction: Thesis statement: Female managers today are still facing many challenges, especially gender barriers. to be continued

Body: Example 1: A double standard of the behavior of men and women Example 2: A stereotyped “bimbo” title for women to be continued

Female managers can be made to feel more insecure at work because Conclusion: Female managers can be made to feel more insecure at work because of gender barriers. to be continued

Sample: Throughout history, women have been hard workers who place high value on achievement. They often judge their personal worth based upon their accomplishments rather than how much money they make. At the management level, women are also considered better managers than men because of their unique working styles. However, female managers today are still facing many challenges, especially gender barriers. to be continued

Sample: To begin with, a double standard occurs when the behavior of men and women are labeled. Like it or not, we still have some notions of what is an acceptable female behavior. Those women who work extra hard, make no allowances for failure, and don’t believe in weaknesses are considered cold-hearted. When a woman shows strength of character in a meeting, for instance, she may be seen as “aggressive” whereas her male counterpart is seen as “assertive”. to be continued

Sample: An additional example of gender barriers for women in the workplace is the “bimbo” title, which is used to describe a woman who got her position by playing a game of her female tricks. For this kind of woman, she is pretty but not necessarily intelligent. So, the general concept is that women are incompetent and that they remain in the position only by means of their charm on the male bosses. But it could all be just a matter of our own perceptions of what’s normal for a man and a woman. to be continued

Sample: To conclude, female managers can be made to feel more insecure at work because of gender barriers. They have to face a double standard of the behavior of men and women; they also worry about some negative stereotypes of women.

Writing practice Directions: Write an essay of no less than 150 words on one of the following topics. One topic has an outline you can follow.

Topic: Women’s management style Introduction: Thesis statement: Women’s management style tends to be more communicative and relationship-oriented. Body: Example 1: Being more communicative Example 2: Being more relationship-oriented Conclusion: Women’ natural management style helps them succeed in their workplace.

More topics: • Women leadership in China • Female teacher in my eyes

Write an essay on the following topic. Essay Writing Essay Writing Write an essay on the following topic. Write an essay entitled with Women’s Management Style. You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing. 68

You can follow the outline given below. Essay Writing Essay Writing You can follow the outline given below. Part I. Introduction of the essay Women are increasingly working in upper management roles; Thesis statement: Women’s management style tends to be more communicative and relationship-oriented. To be continued

You can follow the outline given below. Essay Writing Essay Writing You can follow the outline given below. Part II. Body part using examples to illustrate the main point. Example 1: Women’s management style is being more communicative; 1.Their management style is being more communicative. Women usually have greater verbal and verbal comprehension ability than men. 2. They are usually more supportive, more inclined to delegate responsibilities. To be continued

You can follow the outline given below. Essay Writing Essay Writing You can follow the outline given below. Part II. Body part using examples to illustrate the main point. Example 2: Women’s management style is being more relationship-oriented. Women are more emotionally and spiritually intelligent. Women have the potential to be more understanding. To be continued 71

You can follow the outline given below. Essay Writing Essay Writing You can follow the outline given below. Part III. Conclusion Women’s natural management style helps them succeed in their workplace; Women are brought up to have verbal skills and emotional intelligence, which is a huge advantage. To be continued 72

You may adopt the following expressions. Essay Writing Essay Writing You may adopt the following expressions. a strong force in the workplace; gone are the days of…; fill the ranks in professions and top companies; one example of…; another example of…; the benefits of gender diversity at the workplace; It’s beneficial to… instead of disguising… 73

Translate a paragraph based on a summary of the text by using the expressions from the text.

在当代社会，男人在外工作而女人待在家里的日子一去不复返了。毫无争议的是，女人在工作中的角色越来越重要。但是，今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。还是有一部分人都说很难忍受为女性工作。女上司的不断涌现，也引出了与工作方式有关的一个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？ gone are the days There is no dispute subtle resistance low tolerance has provoked To be continued

可靠的研究指出，男人通常有等级观念，以目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。相反，女人则是灵活变通的，愿意分享权力,并总是去寻求共识。这样大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为员工们参与了决策，而不是单纯的旁观者,员工们的能量得到利用。 typically hierarchical feel entitled diplomatically looking for a consensus input into decisions are harnessed Samples

In contemporary society, gone are the days of men working outside and women staying at home. There is no dispute that women play more and more important role in the workplace. Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance. There is still a segment of the population who report low tolerance for female bosses. The growing presence of female bosses has also provoked one major question that revolves around styles: Do men and women manage differently?

Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled. Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share power and are always looking for a consensus. Employees are happy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. 78

The End of Section A To Section B