The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气

√ √ √ √ Word study 1.Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks. 1.In February 2003 some people got ________ (infected with/immune to) a strange disease and died within a month. 2.Having found out that the girl has got a disease which is ________(curable /incurable) and will die soon, the boy decided to help her to make the last days of her life beautiful and meaningful. 3.although he met many difficulties, Helen was not _______ (encouraged /discouraged), she continued struggling with the disease. 4.People think it a serious crime to attack ________ (defensive,defenceless) children. √ √ √ √

proper virus lack cheer persuade available discourages Fill in the blanks with words in the text. 1.It is not _________ to be late for work. 2.It took scientists several months to identify the _________ that causes SARS. 3.He was defeated in the tennis match because of a _______ of confidence. 4.When her husband left her, several friends organized a party to _______ me up. 5.It is no use trying to ________ him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic. 6.I think the best __________ for a cold is to drink a lot of water. 7.Not enough money is __________ to help the students in poor areas. 8.My father thinks the competition in computer companies is so fierce that he ___________ me from entering the field. proper virus lack cheer persuade treatment available discourages

一、虚拟语气在非条件句中 If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were) 主语+should, would,might, 　一、虚拟语气在非条件句中 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去相反的假设 与将来相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were) 主语+should, would,might, could＋动词原形 主语＋should, would,might, could ＋have +过去分词 If+主语+had +过去分词 1、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 2、If+主语+should +动词原形 主语＋should, would, might, could＋动词原形

eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. More practice: 如果我是你，我就会努力学习． If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了． If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.

使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：”错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

２．省略句 If I were at school again, I would study harder. 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If I were at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I at school again, I would study harder. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的缩略形式．如我们可以说 Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以说　Weren’t it for the expense,…

３、用介词短语代替条件状语从句．常用的介词有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain we would have finished the work. (=If you had a million dollars)? (=if we hadn’t got your help). (=If it hadn’t been for the rain),

４、　含蓄条件句。 　有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。 I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词） He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词） Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格） I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）

I would buy the book, but I have not enough money. I would have bought the book, but I didn’t have enough money. 我会买那本书的，但我现在没有钱． 我会买那本书的，但我当时没有钱． I haven’t enough money, otherwise I would buy the book. I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would have bought the book. 我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．

二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 用于宾语从句 １、wish 用于后面的宾语从句中。 用于后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在　过去时 表过去　过去完成时 表将来　would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go. 但愿我能去．

We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

用于主语从句中 1.It is necessary／important／strange／natural／impossible / surprising / a pity+ that从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that he (should) work harder at his lessons. 2.It is suggested／desired / ordered / requested / demanded that… It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.

３ should表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等情绪，作“竟然”解，should可省略。 句型：It is surprising/a pity/ strange that…. 真可惜他竟然如此粗心． It is a pity that he should be so careless. 他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的． It is strange that he should have left without saying good-bye. 注意：以上句型也可用陈述语气． 　It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. It is a pity that you can’t dance. C I am surprised that he ____ to help me when I needed it most. A. should refuse B.would have refused C.should have refused

用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”　should可以省略． My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.

It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略． 三、虚拟语气在其他从句中 It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略． It is high time that you went / should go to school. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊 If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! would rather + 从句　动词用过去式　　 I would rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿你告诉我真相．

as if ( as though) 看起来　用过去式或过去完成时表虚拟 He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son. He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it 注意：as if/as though从句的虚拟语气的动词不受主句动词的支配．主从句同时，用过去式；从句先，主句后用过去完成时． even if ( even though)即使　 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.

If it were not for … ． If it had not been for… 要是没有．．． If it were not for the rain, the crop would die. If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have made so much progress. 在口语交际中．虚拟语气省略的情况 若一般过去时只保留did, could, were等助动词、情态动词或系动词。 若是过去完成时，只保留had 若是过去将来时只保留would, might -- Have you found the answer to the question? --I wish I had. I can’t go to Beijing with you ,but I wish I would.

在In case和 for fear that “万一；惟恐”引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词原形 Take an umbrella in case it should rain / rains. In case I should fail, I would try again. I daren’t tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.

C A A A Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was C A A A

√ √ Exercises 5.Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 6.—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. —He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug. A.not take                        B.shouldn’t have taken C.didn’t take                    D.hadn’t taken √ √

7. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 8. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been √ √

√ √ 9. – Have you ever been to Beijing? -- No, but I wish I ___. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks   B. has broken   C. were broken   D. had been broken √ √

11.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldn’t have fallen        B.had not fallen C.should fall                          D.were to fall √

√ √ 12.If it ________ so hard，we’d go to town. A.isn’t raining           B.weren’t raining C.doesn’t rain            D.has rain 9.I wish I ________ you yesterday. A.saw                   B.did see C.had seen             D.were to see √ √

13.His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan. A.didn’t agree                B.hadn’t agreed C.wouldn’t agree             D.not agree 11.The father insisted his daughter ________ a rich man. A.would be engaged to    B.be engaged to C.should engaged to    D.must be engaged to √ √

√ √ 14.You ________ earlier.The bus left a moment ago. A.would come               B.should have come C.must come                 D.could have come 15.She made a suggestion that the plan ________ carefully. A.be considered        B.was considered C.should consider D.would beconsidered √ √

Thank you!