Unit 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R Winston Churchill

test Paraphrase: I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. Translation We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.

What’s the detailed news? round up: herd together, collect together The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach. horde: a large moving crowd or throng There are always hordes of tourists here in the summer.

What’s the detailed news? Paraphrase : seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence: seemed to be advancing rapidly, and their attack was fierce I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes: I think the Red army men will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers 我估计他们将会大批地被包围

Part 1 (Para.2) the War Cabinet: 战时内阁 On May 1940, Churchill formed a national government (coalition government) with him as the Prime Minister and Attlee from the Labor Party as the Deputy Prime Minister.

Part 1 (Para. 2) Mr. Eden: Robert Anthony Eden 罗伯特. 安东尼. 艾登, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs （外交大臣）(1935– 38, 1940 – 45), for Dominion Affairs（自治领大臣） (1939 – 40), and for War（战争大臣） (1940). From 1942 to 1945 he was leader of the House of Commons. He was Prime Minister from 1955 to 1957.

Part 1 (Para. 2) Lord Beaverbrook： 比弗布鲁克男爵In World War II, he was Minister of Aircraft Production（战机生产部长）( (1940 - 41), of State（国务部长） (1941), and of Supply（军需部长） (1941-42), British representative (Feb. 1942) in America for the supervision of British supply agencies. Sir Stafford Cripps： 克里普斯爵士British Ambassador to Moscow (1940 - 42)

Chequers — the official country residence of British Prime Ministers since 1921. It’s at the foot of Chiltern hill

Part1 (Para. 3-6) Winant: 约翰·吉尔伯特·怀南特 John Gilbert Winant (1889 - 1947), American government official and diplomat; U. S. ambassador to Great Britain (1941 - 46) Edward Bridges: Secretary of the Cabinet (1938-– 46)

Part1 (Para. 3-6) count on: to trust somebody to do something enlist: (sb. as sth. /help of sb) to persuade somebody to help you or to join you in doing something e.g. Can I enlist your help in president election? The organization has enlisted the support of celebrities in raising money to help the homeless.

Part1 (Para. 3-6) sympathy: a feeling of approval of an idea, a cause, etc. e.g. I have some sympathy with this point of view . Several hundred workers struck in sympathy with their colleagues Right Wing: the more conservative or reactionary section with an idea, a cause, etc. 右翼

右翼又称右派，源自于法国大革命时期，在制宪会议上，当时来自第三阶级（市民和农民）的自由派参议员坐在主席的左侧，而第二阶级（贵族阶级）的成员则坐在右侧。之后的立法会，将坐在右侧，支持旧制度的君主主义者称为右派。有的观点认为右翼实际上是在追求终点的平等，这是错误的。右翼和左翼都追求起点的平等，但右翼更强调个人的使命感和责任感，强调国家应给每一个公民以机会，尊重每一个人的个性，强调平等受教育（基础教育）的权力，认为人必须对自己的命运负责。右翼信奉的是“英雄史观”，认为历史是英雄创造的，其政治主张是偏向中产阶级、精英阶层的。右翼特别反对左翼的“均贫富”，认为贫穷只能源于自己的低素质、懒惰和无能，不能怪其他的因素。右翼的经济政策是主张自由放任的，主张小政府、大社会，对经济的干预和宏观调控越少越好，通过减税、减少公共福利、刺激投资来解决失业问题和社会问题。右翼认为福利越多，人的依赖性就越强，进取心就越差，就会鼓励懒惰，打击勤奋，从而对一个国家的前途造成消极的影响。

Part1 (Para. 3-6) he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting…: He (Hitler) was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.

Part1 (Para. 3-6) go all out: to make one’s utmost effort true of: true concerning

Part1 (Para. 3-6) Croquet 槌球

Part1 (Para. 3-6) revert: （replace?） go back to a former subject In the car she reverted to the subject uppermost in her mind. This theme: Hitler’s imminent attack and their stand. Arch-： main; most important or most extreme Archbishop 大主教 arch-enemy（derog.） 主要敌人

Part1 (Para. 3-6) bow down in the House of Rimmons 旧约 - 列王记下(II Kings) 第5章 第18段 In this thing the LORD pardon thy servant, that when my master goeth into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaneth on my hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon: when I bow down myself in the house of Rimmon, the LORD pardon thy servant in this thing 惟有一件事，愿耶和华饶恕你仆人，我主人进临门庙叩拜的时候，我用手搀他在临门庙，我也屈身。我在临门庙屈身的这事，愿耶和华饶恕我。 为妥协以达到一致行动而牺牲自己的原则

Part1 (Para. 3-6) I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon: Whether he was not renouncing(放弃) his previous attitude towards communism；whether he was not changing his position since he had all along been opposed to communism. (metaphor) 这样做是否言行不一，口是心非。

Part1 (Para. 3-6) thereby: as result of that my life is much simplified thereby: In this way, my life is made much easier; in this way, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.

Part1 (Para. 3-6) the act of mentioning someone If Hitler invaded Hell I would make…: reference: the act of mentioning someone e.g. They never made any reference to their need for technology from the oil companies. In his address to the Assembly, Sadat made veiled references to the Soviet Union and said, “ The days of independence are over”.

Part1 (Para. 3-6) If Hitler invaded Hell I would make…: If Hitler should attack Hell, a most hated place, I would still say a word in favor of the Devil, the foe of mankind; in the House of Commons, I would say a word of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past. 就算是希特勒入侵地狱，我至少也会在下议院替魔鬼们美言几句.

Part1 (Para. 3-6) to the effect: with… general meaning e.g. He made a declaration to the effect that he would soon resign. The letter is to the effect that he will soon arrive.

luncheon : A formal lunch Lord Cranborne:克兰伯恩 5th Marquis(侯爵) of Salisbury, Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs

Churchill’s criticism on the Nazi regime How did Churchill criticize the Nazi regime? appetite; racial domination; wickedness; cruelty and ferocious aggression; hideous; onslaught; dull; drilled; docile; brutish; swarm; crawling locusts…… How did Churchill mention the U.S.S.R.? fathers; till; immemorial; mothers and wives pray; loved; champion; soil; primordial joys; maiden; children……

The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Communism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a more consistent opponent of Communism than I have for the last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. I see ……

Para. 8&9 The Nazi regime…… I see…..I see…… I see…..

Part 2 (Para. 8) It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination: theme: a recurring, unifying subject The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the “Aryan” (雅利安) race, the allegedly（stated without being proved 声称地）most superior race in the world.(非犹太日耳曼人的后裔)

Part2 (Para. 8) It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.  ferocious: Very violent a ferocious guard-dog.

Part 2 (Para. 8) 译： 纳粹政权在残酷镇压和疯狂侵略方面，极为拿手，人类过去这方面的卑劣行径都望尘莫及。 它横暴凶悍，野蛮侵略，为人类一切形式的卑劣行径所不及。 它的残酷行为和凶暴侵略所造成的恶果超过了各式各样的人类罪行。

Part 2 (Para. 8) (1)I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. threshold: the floor or ground at the bottom of a doorway, （entrance） fathers: forefathers, ancestors. till: plow, harrow, and hoe

immemorial: that has existed for longer than people can remember from [since] time immemorial 远古以来 On which their ancestors have worked from ancient times

Part 2 (Para. 8) ah, yes, for there are times..: (2)I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. ah, yes, for there are times..: There are times (critical times) when everyone, without exception, will pray. Even the Russians will pray.

Part2 (Para. 8) “The bread-winner”, “their champion”, “their protector”: all refer to the same person because they are all in the singular.

Part 2 (Para. 8) (3)I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.  wring: to twist and squeeze sth. in order to get the water out of them e.g. I’ll wring your neck if you don’t behave. She wrung the wet towel out.

Part 2 (Para. 8) hardly: (rare) with effort or difficulty where people have to do back-breaking work to wring a little food out of the poor soil primordial: existing at or from the beginning of the world Although life is hard, people still enjoy basic human pleasure

Part2 (Para. 8) (4)I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking , heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.  onslaught: a violent attack. clanking: the metallic sound made by the swords and sabers(马刀) (in scabbards)

heel-clicking: the noise made by the boots dandified: the uniforms with shoulder-boards, insignia（勋章）, decorations, etc. crafty: Sly agent: spy

Part 2 (Para. 8) fresh: recently returned cow: frighten with threat tie down: (obsolete) enslave I can see the Nazi army launching violent attacks on all this.

(5)I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. stupid, easy to manage, obedient, savage. Hun: (Offensive Slang) a German plod: to walk slowly with heavy steps

Part2 (Para. 8) swarm: A large number of (insects) crawl: move slowly by hands or knees the German soldiers------locusts common-:the spreading of destruction.

Part2 (Para. 8) His eyes were smarting from the smoke. (6)I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. smart(v): feel pain His eyes were smarting from the smoke. Many a followed by a singular noun or pronoun many followed by the corresponding plural.

Part2 (Para. 9) glare: hostile, fierce looks, or hatred storm: (7)  Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind... glare: hostile, fierce looks, or hatred storm: fighting, war

launch this cataract of horrors: let off a flood of horrors Behind all this hostility and fighting I see that small group of wicked men who make the world suffer untold miseries and unparalleled disasters.

在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行 在这番嚣张气焰的背后，在这场突然袭击的背后，我看到了那一小撮策划、组织并向人类发动这场恐怖战争的恶棍。

Part 2 (Para. 8&9) Russia: guide, loved, champion, protector, human joys … German: appetite, racial domination, wickedness, cruelty, ferocious aggression. hideous, onslaught, clanking, heel-clicking, dandified, crafty, cow, tie down, dull, drilled, docile, brutish, masses, swarm, locust, villainous …

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy I have to declare the decision…. We will…..we will….. We shall… we shall… we shall… Any man or state…..any man or state… That I our policy and that is our declaration We shall…we shall… we shall…

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy I feel sure…: The Dominions  They were the nations which in the past were part of the British Empire but which had their own government. in due course: at the right time concur: agree

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy Churchill does not declare the decision in the name of the Dominions because they are independent governments and Churchill does not have the power to declare war in their names. If Churchill wants to declare war in their names, he has to consult them beforehand. Since he must make known the decision at once and there is no time for consultation, he has to declare the decision in the name of the British government.

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy irrevocable: that cannot be changed We are resolved…: resolved: determined vestige: a small part of something that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy from Hitler, a single man, to the whole regime and not only the regime but every sign showing there once existed such a regime (showing his determination)

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy From this…: Inversion: repetition for emphasis There is nothing which can head us off from this purpose or divert our attention. parley: discussion of terms for armistice gang: A group of criminals

Repetition the repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness or balance to a sentence We will never parley, we will never negotiate…

Revision 我看见纳粹的战争机器向他们碾压过去，穷凶极恶地展开了屠杀,有全副戎装，佩剑、马刀和鞋钉叮当作响的普鲁士军官，以及刚刚威吓、压制过十多个国家的、好诈无比的特工高手。 我还看见大批愚笨迟钝，受过训练，唯命是从，凶残暴忍的德国士兵，象一大群爬行的蝗虫正在蹒跚行进。 我看见德国轰炸机和战斗机在天空盘旋，它们依然因英国人的多次鞭挞而心有余悸，却在为找到一个自以为唾手可得的猎物而得意忘形。

在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行…… 我不得不在此宣布大英帝国政府的决定--我相信大英帝国各自治领对这一决定会适时地表示一致赞同--因为我们必须立即表明自己的态度，一天也不应拖延。 我必须发表正式宣言，难道还会有人不清楚我们将会采取何种政策吗? 我们只有一个目标，一个唯一的、不可改变的目标--我们决心消灭希特勒及纳粹政权的一切痕迹。无论什么都不能使我们离开这一目标。

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy rid the earth of…: rid …(of)… : to remove something that is causing a problem from a place, group, etc. E.g. We will need to take further measures to rid our streets of crime. shadow: the very strong influence yoke: control to free the world from Hitler’s domination and to liberate all peoples from his control

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy 译 我们将对他实施地面打击，我们将对他实施海上打击，我们将对他实施空中打击，直到在主的帮助下，将他的魔影从地球上消除，将纳粹统治下的人民从他所设的枷锁中解放出来。 我们将在陆地上同他作战；我们将在海洋上同他作战；我们将在天空中同他作战，直至借上帝之力，在地球上肃清他的阴影，并把地球上的人民从他的枷锁下解放出来。

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy It follows therefore…: follow: happen as a necessary result e.g. Just because he is at the bottom of the class, it doesn’t follow that he has no brains; he may just be lazy. If one writes poetry, it naturally follows that he must understand poetry.

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy to take the same course…: to adopt the same attitude and policy and keep to it Course : the general direction in which someone's ideas or actions are moving E.g. The president appears likely to change course on some key issues.

pursue: follow persistently steadfastly: not changing in your attitudes or aims E.g. He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice

Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy 译 我们将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友采取同样的方针，并且同我们一样，忠诚不渝地推行到底。 我们还将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟国与我们同心协力，坚定不移地战斗到底

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