科研论文的构思、撰写和发表 马 兰 54237522 治道楼909、911 lanma@shmu.edu.cn 医学神经生物学国家重点实验室 神经生物学系 54237522 治道楼909、911 lanma@shmu.edu.cn

预 告 鲁白教授： How to publish your papers in the top scientific journals 本周三下午2点（306教室） 秦伯益院士： （谈科研创新问题） 10月10日（星期四）下午2点（306教室）

Why? 为什么要撰写和发表论文？ What? 什么是科学研究论文？ 定义 特点 结构 How? 如何撰写科研论文？

Why? 为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？ 基础研究的成果以论文形式表现 发表论文的质量与数量是衡量科研工作者水平和效率的客观标准 Publish or Perish!

Why? 为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？ 研究结果只有发表了，他人才能重复、验证，结果才可能成为知识 撰写和发表论文是科研工作的最后一道工序 科学研究的目的是发表

Why? 为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？ 科学研究的关键是可重复性、可被他人验证 科研工作者必须提供书面材料让同行知道他做了什么、为什么这样做、怎样做的、发现了什么？ 科研工作者不仅要“做”研究，而且要“写”研究

Why? 为什么要开设科研论文构思、撰写和发表课程？ 博士应具有构思、撰写和发表论文的能力 研究生院要求博士研究生发表SCI论文 研究生及部分导师缺乏科学交流技巧、“写”科学的训练,因此增加了博士论文的工作难度、影响了研究生培养的质量

课程的目的 知道 What is a good paper 掌握构思要点、基本撰写方法和技巧 提高分析和表达结果的能力 避免常见错误 提高论文的可读性 了解论文的投稿、评阅和发表过程 增加论文被高影响力刊物接受的机率

主要内容 创新性 选题 撰写要点 结果的表达 投稿和评阅 常见错误 口头报告 实验记录 学位论文 综述 基金申请 学术道德

What? 什么是科学论文？ 公开发表的、描述新研究结果的书面报告；必须按一定的方式撰写和发表 首次出版： 新研究结果的首次公布 以同行能够重复实验、验证结论的形式发表 发表在同行很容易得到的刊物上或其它媒介（同行评议杂志）上

科研论文写作的要求 条理清楚，摆事实、讲道理 语言简单、平实、明确、直接 容易被理解和接受 正确、准确地使用英语 vetral/ventricle; casual/causal 用最少、最短的词

科学论文的基本结构 Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRAD) I: What and why? 研究什么问题？为什么研究这个问题？ M：How? 如何研究的？ R：What? 发现了什么？ D：What? 发现意味着什么？

标 题 重要性 体现创新点 包含所有关键词 （检索） 吸引人 用动词、句子

采用动词（1） Hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced by chronic opiate treatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates. J. Neurosci. Heterologous activation of protein kinase C stimulates phosphorylation of d-opioid receptor at serine 344 and this results in b-arrestin- and clathrin-mediated receptor internalization. J Biol Chem Anti-HIV agent trichosanthin enhances the capabilities of chemokines to stimulate chemotaxis and G protein activation and this is mediated through interaction of trichosanthin and chemokine receptor. J Exp Med

采用动词（2） Divalent cations and ligands induce conformational changes that are highly divergent among b1 integrins. J Biol Chem Inhibition of CamK II in rat hippocampus attenuates morphine tolerance and dependence. Mol Pharmacol. Chemokine receptor CCR5 functionally couples to inhibitory G proteins and undergoes desensitization. J Cell Biochem Carboxyl terminus of delta opioid receptor is required for agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun

采用动词（3） N-methyl-D-aspartate attenuates opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation and this process involves protein kinase C. Mol Pharmacol. Endogenous delta-opioid and ORL1 receptors couple to phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK in NG108-15 cells and this is regulated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C. J Neurochem Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor attenuates acute responsiveness of delta-opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol Cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonists attenuate morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats. Neuroreport

采用词组 Identification of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 phosphorylation sites responsible for agonist-stimulated delta-opioid receptor phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol Differential roles of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in opiate withdrawal and in relapse to opiate dependence. Identification of a human brain-specific isoform of mammalian STE20-like kinase 3 that is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem Selective interference of b-arrestin 1 with k and d but not m opioid receptor/G protein coupling. J Biol Chem. Differential and tissue-spesific expression of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu and Ts during development. Acta Bioch Bioph Sin Differential efficacies of k agonists to induce homologous desensitization of k opioid receptor. Neurosci Lett

采用词组（冒号） Reactivation of morphine conditioned place preference by drug priming: role of environmental cues and sensitization. Psychopharmacology Five-transmembrane domain structure is sufficient for a G protein coupled receptor: Functional five-transmembrane domain chemokine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Etorphine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Neurosci Res Retardation of pain development: a case of recovery from congenital insensitivity to pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

类似的研究（1） Differential regulation of beta-arrestin 1 and beta-arrestin 2 gene expression in rat brain by morphine. Neuroscience Acute and chronic morphine treatments and morphine withdrawal differentially regulate GRK2 and GRK5 gene expression in rat brain. Neuropharmacology

类似的研究（2） Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor. J Neurochem

类似的研究（3） Functional expression, activation and desensitization of opioid receptor-like receptor ORL1 in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells. FEBS Lett Endogenous opioid receptor-like receptor in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells: activation of inhibitory G-protein and homologous desensitization. Neuroreport

Not so good (1) Mechanistic studies of the translational elongation cycle in mammalian mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Molecular characterization and functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor. Cell Res. Functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor and its endogenous specific agonist nociceptin/orphanin FQ during embryogenesis. Cell Res

Not so good (2) Identification and characterization of large, complex forms of chloroplast translational initiation factor 2 from Euglena gracilis. J Biol Chem Immunological characterization of the complex forms of chloroplast translational initiation factor 2 from Euglena gracilis J Biol Chem

作者和作者单位 作者：设计和执行实验、对论文有重要、创造性贡献的人 作者排序：按贡献大小 作者对所做的工作负责、通讯作者对全文负责 作者单位：作者做论文所描述的研究工作的实验室（不同于作者的单位）

摘 要 缩写的论文 150－250词 关键的创新点和意义