Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Each process hazard to which the entrant may be exposed, adjacent operations or processes, and scheduled activity are reviewed. For each hazard identified, countermeasures are detailed on the Confined Space Entry Permit. 要对每一个可能对进入者造成危害的步骤进行回顾,如接触有害物,附近的操作或计划中的行动.要在许可证上注明每一个危害及预防措施.

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 The safety representative tests the space for hazardous oncentrations of known harmful substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and flammable liquid or gas. The concentration of oxygen is measured at the same time. 安全人员要对已知的有害物质浓度进行检测,如硫化氢、一氧化碳和易燃液体和气体。同时要检测氧气浓度。

Confined Space Entry - Hazards进入封闭空间-危害 If concentrations of materials are found to be at harmful levels, the confined space must be ventilated to remove them before entry. 如果物料浓度处于有害水平，封闭空间在进入之前必须通风以消除之。 ?? Fresh Air 新鲜空气 O2 Fresh outside air is blown into the space to dilute and remove contaminants, and supply oxygen. 从外面吹入的新鲜空气可以冲淡或吹走污染物，并提供氧气

Confined Space Entry - Hazards进入封闭空间-危害 Fresh Air 新鲜空气 Should the concentration of contaminants remain at harmful levels, respirators may have to be worn to assure a safe air supply. 若污染屋浓度保持在有害水平，呼吸器必须佩戴以保证空气供应。 ?? ?? O2 ?? O2 O2 ?? O2

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Means of emergency rescue must be readily available to the confined space entry attendant for emergency extrication of entrants. 对进入者的紧急援救措施必须全部到位。

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 A means must be provided for both safe normal entry or exit , and emergency extrication. Tripods with hoist, lifeline, and full body harness are often used for emergency extrication. Ladders may be used for ordinary entry and exit. 必须提供安全进出及紧急逃生的方法。 带有提升装置、安全绳和身体提兜的三脚架常作紧急逃生用。 普通的进出可用梯子

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Barriers to prevent passers-by and the curious from falling into the opening must be put in place. 防止行人或好奇者坠入的护栏必须到位 Holes and openings must be closed or guarded when not Attended 不在进入时开口必须关闭或要维护起来

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Place warning signs where pedestrians can see them. 把警视标牌置于行人能看到的地方 Signs must state the hazard and the required action. 标识必须写明危害和须采取的措施。 CAUTION Opening in Ground Keep Out !

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Confined Space Entry Permit Requirements Eye protection yes no Respiratory protection yes no Continuous Ventilation yes no Body Protection yes no Hand Protection yes no Foot Protection yes no Weather Protection yes no Required countermeasures include personal protective equipment for hazards expected to be found within the confined space. 预防措施包括对封闭空间内可能发生的危害有效的PPE Eye and head injuries are always a potential, therefore safety glasses and hard hats are required wear for entrants. 眼和头的伤害随时都有可能，因此眼睛和安全帽必须戴 Other conditions may require the use of respirators, safety shoes, protective gloves, and other personal protective equipment. 有些情况可能要求使用呼吸器、安全鞋、手套、和其他PPE

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Confined Space Entry Permit Requirements Ground Fault Interruption yes no Lockout of Hazardous Energy Sources yes no Required countermeasures also include prevention of electrical shock hazards due to loss of earth ground for portable tools. GFCI’s are required for portable electric tooling. 预防措施还包括预防便携式工具没有接地造成的电休克。 There may also be a need to lockout and tag equipment both in the confined space and on adjacent equipment and processes. 同时也需要对封闭空间和相邻设备及工艺设备上锁及挂牌。 o Danger Do not use!

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Entrants must constantly monitor the confined space for toxic gases, oxygen, and combustible gases. Entrants will be issued a personal monitor to wear for this purpose. 进入者必须对其中的有毒 气体氧气和可燃气体进行持续监测。 为此必须给进入者佩戴随身的监视 器。 Entrants must leave the confined space when the monitor alarm is activated. 当监视器报警时进入者必须立即离开封闭空间 It is the attendant’s responsibility to see that the entrant leaves the space during an alarm. 在报警其间协助进入者离开是协助者的责任 H2S O2 CO HCN CH4 CO2

Confined Space Entry 进入封闭空间 Should conditions develop which require extrication, and the entrant cannot get out of the confined space on their own, the attendant must call for emergency assistance at once! 如果出现进入者不能自己出来需要救援，协助者必须立即寻求紧急援助

Confined Space Entry进入封闭空间 The attendant should attempt to remove the entrant from the confined space using tripods, hoist, and lifelines. Attendants are NOT TO ENTER CONFINED SPACES. Lethal hazards may be present within the confined space. Only properly equipped and trained emergency rescue personnel may enter confined spaces to make rescues. 协助者应想办法通过三角架、提升机、救命索把进入者从封闭空间中救出。协助者不可以进入 其内可能有致命危害。只有配备救生设备和接受过培训的救援人员才能入内施救

Confined Space Entry - Summary进入封闭空间-总结 Confined space entry hazards can include: 进入封闭空间的危害包括: - the presence of toxic substances - insufficient oxygen, or too much oxygen - engulfment - presence of combustible gases and liquids - process or equipment related hazards. - conditions changing from no hazardous to hazardous. 缺氧或氧过量 淹没 有毒物质的存在 易燃气体或液体的存在 有害的工艺及设施 从无害到有害状况的变化

Confined Space Entry - Summary进入封闭空间-总结 Confined Space Entry Permit Location and description of confined space: Reason for entry: Permit issued to: Supervisor’s Name: Attendant’s name: Permit issuer’s name: % oxygen: % lower explosive limit: ppm CO: H2S: Requirements Emergency Rescuer yes no Continuous Gas Monitor yes no Barrier for ground openings yes no Warning Signs yes no Safety Harness with life line yes no Tripod / Hoist / Pulley yes no Access (ladders/other) yes no Eye protection yes no Respiratory protection yes no Continuous Ventilation yes no Body Protection yes no Hand Protection yes no Foot Protection yes no Weather Protection yes no Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters yes no Lockout of Hazardous Energy yes no Required countermeasures are determined by a qualified safety professional. 由合格安全人员决定的必要措施 Once the required countermeasures are in place, a permit is issued by the safety representative and the confined space may be safely entered. 一旦必要措施到位,由安全人员签发许可证可以安全进入 Should an emergency arise during the entry, the attendant notifies an emergency response team and attempts to extricate the entrant. 假如在进入过程中出现紧急情况,协助者通知应急队伍并想法把进入者撤出

Confined Space Entry -Summary进入封闭空间-总结 Safe Work Permit Required CAUTION Confined spaces are required to be labeled. Some spaces may have been overlooked. Contact your safety representative when in doubt. It is up to you to obey signs and to follow permit procedures before entry. 封闭空间要求标明,有些地方可能会被遗忘.进入之前做不做标识或遵不遵守许可程序完全起决于你.

Where to Get Help? 哪里可以获得帮助 The supervisor of a confined space entry should be contacted for any equipment necessary to complete the task at hand. 跟进入封闭空间的主管联系获取完成任务所需的各种设备. Safety Representatives are responsible for answering questions about the confined space entry permit, countermeasures, sampling methods, and instrumentation. 安全人员负责解答有关封闭空间进入,响应措施,取样方法及设施的问题

Confined Space Entry