so ……that…… adj/adv + enough to do sth be caught in as a result of as a result wake up to 形式宾语 make/think/feel/find…+it +adj to do… 形式主语 It is + adj+(for sb) to do/doing/从句 prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth one after another sweep away have an effect on ……

take in give out I couldn’t agree with you more I have no idea in a nutshell It’s scary I’ll do my best from what I understand put …into …… take away if possible try to do sth look after think about

doing 动名词&现在分词 非谓语动词 done 过去分词 to do 不定式 to do 可以作除谓语之外的任何成分

不定式的形式： 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 其否定形式：not to do

一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。 He seems to know French.(同时发生) I expect to hear from you soon. hear from you 动作在expect之后 2) 进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。 He pretends to be working hard. 3) 完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I regretted to have told a lie. 先发生

关于句子成分： 必不可少的成分：主语 + 谓语 (+ 宾语) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 其它成分：定语，状语，补足语 I had a very difficult job to do in my office yesterday. 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 地点状语 时间状语

不定式的句法功能： 作主语 谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主语 To learn English well is not easy. =It is not easy to learn English well. 在形式主语中 It is + adj+for sb to do… 与 It is +adj+of sb to do……的区别 for sb 结构中 adj 表示事情的特征，指客观情况 of sb 结构中 adj 说明sb 的特征。 It is foolish of you to say such words. you are foolish

It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well. we are necessary× 2) 作表语 (系动词之后为表语) Your job is to wash dishes. All I did was (to) give him some advice. 表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。 3) 作宾语 在vt之后 用to do 形式 此类动词：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等

She promised to give him a chance. 4) 作宾语补足语 v + sb/sth + to do(补充说明) 此类动词：want, wish, ask, tell, teach, allow等 He told me not to bring you anything. 注意： to do 在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make, have等后面作宾补时，省略to. 而help之后的to可加可不加。 I never let my child stay in the house all day. I heard her say that she’d like to go with me. Could you help me (to) repair the car?

The doctor make him give up drinking. 被动： He was made to give up drinking.(主语补足语) 5) 作定语 (修饰名词) to do 作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系，如： She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系) He has an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系)

He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. (同位关系) 动宾关系时：定语to do 的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如： Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with. He is a man to depend on. 6) 作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件 We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)

He hurried to the school only to find nobody there. (结果) To look at him, you would like him. (条件) I came to Beijing to see you. (目的状语) 作目的状语时to do 中的to 可用 in order to 或 so as to代替，以加强语气，so as to 不放句首 In order to see you, I came to Beijing. I came to Beijing so as to see you. 否定时，用in order not to或so as not to而不用not to.

They started very early in order not to/ so as not to miss the train. They started early not to miss the train.X 两个结构： ① too ……to …… 太……而不能…… She is too nervous to answer the question. 如果too前有否定词，整个句子用否定表肯定，表示一种委婉含义，译为“不太” It’s never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚 当too前有only, all, but 时 too= very

I am only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 She was but too eager to get home. 她很想回家 adj+ enough + to do 足够……去做…… 7)to do与疑问词(how,what,where,when等)连用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语 He didn’t know what to say. How to solve the problem is still unknown. No one told me where to find him. This is just what I want.

8)to do 中的省略 ① to do 中动词do的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. not to = not to ride his bicycle in the street 为了避免重复，省略了to 后内容. 常出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try或出现在be glad , be happy, would like, would love等结构之后，如： __Would you like to go with me? __I would like to.

②省略to 的常见情况： ⑴在某些情态动词和助动词do, shall, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare等后面，省去to,如： You must stay here now. ⑵see, hear, watch, notice, feel…… make, let, have +宾语+do ⑶在“why (not)+不定式”结构中，不定式不带to Why spend so much money? Why not let him have a try?

⑷如果介词except,but 前面有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式不带to,其他情况带to Mary did nothing except/but clean the dishes. It had no effect except to make him angry. ⑸下列固定短语： can’t (couldn’t) but do…… can’t (couldn’t) help but do…… can’t choose but do …… 不得不 had better, would rather, 之后+do I cannot but solve the problem by myself. I would rather stay at home than go out.

不定式的被动式 He preferred to be given some heavier work to do. to do 逻辑上的主语是do动作的承受者时，用不定式被动形式。 He didn’t expect the book to be so well received. He preferred to have been given some heavier work to do.

在“ There be ”句型中，当说话人考虑的是有人去完成某事时，用to do的主动形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时，则用to do的被动形式。如： There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作） There is a lot of work to be done. 有许多工作要做。（工作需要被做） There is nothing to do. (什么都不做，无所事事) There is nothing to be done. (任何事情都做不了，没有办法了)

主动表被动的情况 We still have many difficulties to overcome. (1)不定式to do与其修饰名词构成动宾关系(overcome the difficulties)，又和该句主语构成逻辑主谓关系(We overcome difficulties)时，不定式常用主动式。 He needs a room to live in. (he live in a room) We should take measures instead of waiting here for problems to be solved.(等着问题解决，主语不是we) I feel really tired because I still have many problems to solve.(I solve the problems)

(2)在“主语 + 系动词 + adj + to do ”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且adj表示主语的特征或性质。该结构中常用的形容词有： easy ， hard ， difficult ， important ， impossible ， interesting ， pleasant ， nice ， comfortable ， safe ， dangerous ， cheap ， fit ， heavy 等 He is not easy to persuade.(to persuade him) He is hard to talk to.(to talk to him)