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被动语态

Tom broke the window. （主动语态） ［复习要点］ 主动语态 英语的谓语动词有两种语态 被动语态 （前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）   Tom broke the window.     （主动语态） ①      ②            ③ The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ③                 ②                 ① 从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中 变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被 动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语， 因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。

被动语态的构成 被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词 时 间 一 般 进 行 完 成 现 在 am/is/are asked 被问 一    般 进    行 完    成 现   在  am/is/are asked  被问  am/is/are being asked  正在被问  have/has been asked  已经被问过 过   去  was/were asked （过去）被问  was/were being asked （过去）正被问  had been asked （过去）已被问过 将   来  shall/will be asked  将要被问 1．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的变化构成。 2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。 3.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。 过去将来  should/would be asked （过去）将要被问

常见的被动结构 1 SVO句型的被动结构 .2 SVoO句型的被动结构 S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。 He wrote the book two years ago. → The book was written by him two years ago. .2  SVoO句型的被动结构 SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。 My aunt gave me an apple. → * I was given an apple. An apple was given to me.  一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）

SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)。 People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short 在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to 4  短语动词的被动结构 短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短语)。 在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遗漏。 We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for 5  带情态动词的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语) You must do it at once. → It must be done at once.

各种时态的被动结构练习 1、The Chinese food _____ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2、John ___ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission. would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished 3、---- Have you moved into the new house ? ---- Not yet .Rooms _______. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted 一般时态：am/is/are +过去分词 过去时态：was/were +过去分词 现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词

4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he ____on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5、The new school ______ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish 6、The old scientist said that he __ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词 一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词 过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词

C. had finished D. had been finished 7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _____ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building 8、He came out and told us that the work __________. A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _______ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up 现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词 过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词 情态动词：情态动词+be +过去分词

何时用被动语态 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 The book was first published in the late 1990s. b)不便说出动作的执行者。 The plan was generally considered impractical. c)突出动作的承受者。 She is respected by all the workers of the factory. d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. e)为了保持主语的一贯性。 The old professor wheeled himself into the classroom and was warmly applauded by the students.

不用被动语态的情况 （考点） 1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934. ( × ） 2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit… I have a new bike. 3）连系动词不用被动语态； The story is sounded true. ( × ） 4）有些短语不用被动语态 do one’s best, make a face, make room(腾位子）， make up one’s mind, belong to

特殊情况 （考试重点 ） 1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth . 2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 )

3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing. 注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较： The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired. 4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。