第一單元：時態 C.2 過去式

目錄 A. 過去式(Simple Present Tense) B. 過去進行式(Past Progressive) C. 比較：過去式 與過去進行式 D. “Used to”用法

A. Simple Past Tense 用法: 1.形容已完成或發生過的事情 e.g. She was a painter. My dad made tasty Croatian dishes. Now Past----|-------|------------->Future She was a painter 同時可用time expression(?)以形容過去的一段時間： e.g. They wiped the windows last week.

A. Simple Past Tense 2.只有規則變化的動詞在字尾加-d或-ed: e.g. We turned on the light. **Be動詞變化: He was（單數人稱）happy. You were（複數人稱）sad. ***其他不規則動詞變化, e.g. Merlin saw fairies through his magic ball.(see為其原形） Pete wrote the book last month. (write為其原形）

A. Simple Past Tense 否定句 Be----> S + was（單數）+ not + V原形 were （複數） 其他不/規則動詞-----> S + did not (didn’t) + V原形 e.g. We didn’t have fun at the party. The president didn’t address to the nation properly.

A. Simple Past Tense Yes/No Q & A, e.g. [Be]Were you out last night? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t (was not). [其他動詞]Did you buy the pen? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. Wh- Q & A, e.g. [Be]Why was he late to school yesterday? [其他動詞] Who did she meet four days ago? What piece of classical music did the orchestra band play last night?

B. Past Progressive 用法： 1.描述一件事情／行動在過去確切的某一時候發生 e.g. What was he doing at 21:00? He was dancing. 9pm Now Past---------\--------\-------> Future (我們確定 (不確定是否 he’s dancing) 繼續dancing)

B. Past Progressive 2. 用過去式強調已完成的事 e.g. I did the dishes last night. （碗已洗好了） 用過去進行式強調“時間持續的長短“（不論完成與否） e.g. I was doing the dishes last night. （不知碗是否洗好了） 注意！非行動動詞不能用過去進行式（同現在式的規則）e.g. I am sick. (NOT I’m being sick.)

B. Past Progressive Yes/No Q & A, e.g. Wh- Q., e.g. Was Jodie typing her paper? Yes, she was./ No, she wasn’t. Wh- Q., e.g. Where were the clowns performing? Who was teasing my brother?

C. Past Tense and Past Progressive 1. 當兩個過去式同時出現在一個句子，發生次序是 前句的過去式先於後句的，e.g. When she went outside, the phone rang. 次序： 1 2 Now Past----|--------|-------|---------->Future she went the phone outside rang

C. Past Tense and Past Progressive 2. 當兩個過去進行式同時出現在一個句子裡時，表示兩個行動同時進行，或兩件事在過去同時發生；須用時間副詞while（兩種用法）：e.g. Roy was whispering loudly to his friend while the piano player was performing on the stage. 或：While the piano player was performing on the stage，Roy was whispering loudly to his friend. Roy was whispering Now Past--------- while ----------------|---------> Future The piano player was performing

C. Past Tense and Past Progressive 3.過去式與過去進行是同時出現在一個句子裡: e.g., I was watching movie when he knocked the door. 或 When he knocked the door， I was watching the movie. He knocked Now Past----------|------------|------>Future I was watching movie （他敲門這一個動作發生在看電影這連續進行的事情當中）

C. Past Tense and Past Progressive 注意！While 與 when 之區分： while用於持續性的描述，而when強調發生的當下(Kate, I don‘t know if this one’s well-interpreted)： e.g. He was studying while his brother was playing video games. When Susan came, I was cooking. 其他常見的subordinator(?):before, after, until, since, as soon as e.g. I was cooking before Susan came.

D. Used to 肯定句：Used to + 原形動詞 e.g. Tobey used to keep dogs. 否定句：Didn’t + use to + 原形動詞 e.g. Cinderella didn’t use to do house chore. 問句： Yes/No Q. e.g. Did you use to paint? No, I didn’t. Wh-Q. e.g. Where did you use to walk your dog?

D. Used to 何時用 Used to? 1. 形容過去曾經有的習慣，但現在已不執行： e.g. I used to wear sweat pants.（指我以前穿sweat pants,但現在已不穿了） 2. 比較過去與現在；可用time expression(?)例如not anymore, no longer, only等強調對比性 e.g. The uniforms used to come only in white and black. Now they come in many different colors.

D. Used to 注意！別將used to與其他兩者的意思混淆： used to（曾有的習慣，但現在不在執行） e.g. I used to watch movie every weekend. （這句話的含意為：我現在已不再看了） be used to（習慣於） e.g. I’m used to watching movie every weekend. (我有每週看電影的習慣；每週看電影對我是正常的） get used to (有適應一種習慣的含意；延伸至染上癮的意味） e.g. I got used to watching movie every weekend last month. (我上了上整個月每週都看電影的癮）