世界 腎臟日 今天：2019年5月31日星期五 48張投影片 網上PowerPoint 95Website of Ko Sir貼於2019.2.13 今天：2019年5月31日星期五 世界 腎臟日 世界腎臟日是由 聯合倡議主辦

腎臟 它們是什麼? Kidneys, like the heart and lungs, are amongst the most important organs of the human body. But most people don’t know very much about them! In every person there are two kidneys located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organs.

6 厘米 11 厘米 In adults a kidney is about 10 cm long, 6 cm broad and 4 cm thick—about the size of your fist. It weighs approximately 150-170 grams (5.2 – 5.9 Oz).

4 厘米

150-170 克 5.2 – 5.9 安士

製造 小便 + 淨化 血液 The primary jobs of the kidney are to make urine and purify the blood. The kidney removes waste materials, and extra salt and water from the body.

腎臟 和泌尿系統 The kidneys work as part of a system called the urinary tract or system. It’s easiest to think of the kidney system in two parts: • The tissue part of the system that cleans the blood – the kidney • The drainage part of the system that links up to your bladder

泌尿系統 組織部分 腎臟 排泄部份 和膀胱相連

數以千計 的過濾器 兩條 血管 The kidney has 2 main blood vessels, one that takes the blood to be cleaned from the body into the kidney and then another that returns the cleaned blood to the rest of the body. There are thousands and thousands of tiny filters and blood vessels inside the kidney that do the blood cleaning and make urine. The filters produce urine that collects in the drainage system of the kidney.

泌尿系統 輸尿管 After the kidneys make the urine, it drains down tubes called ureters to the bladder. Urine collects in the bladder and, when enough urine fills the bladder, you get the urge to go to the toilet. As you empty your bladder, urine leaves the body through a tube called the urethra. 尿道

腎臟 腎臟負責什麼工作?

腎臟 把廢物排出 體外 Kidneys purify blood by removing waste products produced by normal body functions– what the body doesn’t need.

食物 = 蛋白質 脂肪 澱粉質... The food that we consume contains proteins, fats, starches and many other things. These substances are necessary for the growth and repair of the body. But some of the food cannot be used becomes waste, which can be harmful unless the body can get rid of it.

The kidneys get rid of waste created from the digestion of food and other chemical reactions in the body.

腎臟 把多餘的 水分排出 體外 保持身體擁有適當的水分 腎臟 把多餘的 水分排出 體外 保持身體擁有適當的水分 Kidneys control fluid balance by eliminating extra amounts of water that accumulate in your body but keep the necessary amount of water in the body. So the kidney maintains exactly the right amount of water in the body.

腎臟 平衡身體 各種礦物質和化學物 Along with water, kidneys regulate minerals and chemicals and maintain a normal composition of body fluids. This function is extremely important as it allows the body to work properly and be healthy.

腎臟調節 你的 血壓 Hormones are chemical substances (molecules) that act like messengers in the body - they help control how cells and organs do their work. The kidneys make a hormone called renin that causes blood pressure to rise as needed to make sure that the right amount of blood gets delivered to all parts of your body. 腎素

腎臟幫助身體製造 紅血球 紅血球生成素 The kidneys produce a hormone (erythropoietin) that tells the body when to make more red blood cells.

腎臟幫助維持 健康的骨骼 鈣質Ca++ 維他命D Vitamin D is a vitamin that is produced when you are exposed to sunlight by special cells in your skin. Kidneys convert vitamin D from the foods you eat into its active form, which helps with the absorption of calcium from food, growth of the bones and teeth, and to keep bone healthy and strong.

腎臟 你知道嗎?

腎臟 的形狀 If you have ever seen a kidney bean, then you know what the kidney is shaped like.

腎臟 的大小 Each kidney is about the size of your fist, or the size of a cellular phone, or a computer mouse.

1200 毫升的血液 1700 公升的血液 20% 由心臟泵出的血液 3592.7 品脫 每分鐘 在一天當中 流入腎臟 被淨化 1200 毫升的血液 流入腎臟 在一天當中 1700 公升的血液 被淨化 Did you know that every minute 1200 ml (40.6 Oz) of blood enters in both kidneys for purification, which is 20% of the total blood pumped by the heart? So in one day 1700 liters (3592.7 pints) of blood is purified! 20% 由心臟泵出的血液 3592.7 品脫

7- 8 公升的血液 400 次! 14 - 16 品脫 成年人有 每天被過濾了 7- 8 公升的血液 每天被過濾了 400 次! Adults have around 7-8 liters (14-16 pints) of blood, and this is constantly filtered by the kidneys, as much as 400 times per day! 14 - 16 品脫

如果把兩個腎的腎元 一字排開 If the individual filtering units and their conduits – called nephrons-- from both of your kidneys were taken out and placed end to end horizontally, they would cover a distance of 16 kilometers (9.95 miles).

16 公里 9.95 英里

單靠一個健康的腎臟 你的身體已經可以正常運作 Your body can work normally with only a single kidney.

腎臟 當腎臟不能 正常運作

早期腎病 並没有任何徵狀 Some people don't have healthy kidneys, and sometimes their kidneys stop working. Kidney disease means that the kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood like they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in the body and other problems that can harm your health. Early kidney disease has no signs or symptoms. A person may not feel any different until his or her kidney disease is very advanced. Blood and urine tests are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.

只有抽血和小便化驗 才可以知道 There are blood tests to check how well your kidneys are filtering and therefore how well they are doing their job. A urine test can check for albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein that passes into the urine in increased amounts when the kidneys are damaged.

末期 腎衰竭 透析 腎臟移植 腎臟功能 只有正常的 10% 腎臟不能再 發揮 所需作用 If a person’s kidneys are so severely damaged that they function at less than 10% of normal, he or she has what is called “end stage kidney disease.” When kidneys no longer function at all, special treatments are needed--dialysis or transplantation.

透析去除 廢物和多餘的水分 Dialysis takes waste products and unwanted water and removes them from the body – LIKE A WASHING MACHINE! There are two dialysis methods: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

血液透析 Hemodialysis uses a filtering machine to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood

腹膜 透析 In the second type, called peritoneal dialysis, the actual filtering is done by the lining of the person's belly! Dialysis is a lifesaving kidney replacement therapy for patients with severe kidney disease. Dialysis is a treatment that does not make your kidneys become healthy again. Successful kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for end stage kidney disease.

腎臟 移植 Kidney transplantation is an operation in which a healthy kidney (from a living donor or deceased donor) is placed into the body of a person suffering from end-stage kidney disease (recipient).

原本已破壞的腎臟 通常不會 被移除 In kidney transplantation, the old, damaged kidneys are not usually removed from the body. The new healthy kidney is put into you’re the body to takes over the functions of the nonfunctional kidneys.

腎臟 保持健康的腎臟

八項重要法則 What can you do for your kidneys? There are several easy ways to keep your kidneys healthy.

保持 健康和活力 Physical exercise, practicing a sport, going for walks with your family and friends, going for a swim, etc., are all good habits that will help keep your kidneys in top shape!

健康飲食 不含過多糖分 而應包含蔬菜和生果 Eat healthy food that does not contain too much sugar. Too much is too much! Eating fruit and vegetables will help your kidneys too (and keep your parents happy!) ;)

監測你的 血壓

健康飲食和 定時量度體重 Reduce your salt intake. Salt is also too much when it’s too much! Eat freshly prepared foods and try to limit the amount of processed (packaged food that you buy at the supermarket) and restaurant food, and do not add salt to food.

保持健康的 水分攝取 It is ALWAYS better to choose water over sugary drinks or diet drinks that have added chemicals.

請勿 吸煙

請勿經常服用 非處方藥物

如果你有下列的情況，可以向你的醫生查詢，作腎臟的檢查….

你患有　　 糖尿病 你患有　　 高血壓 你有超重的 問題 父母或任何一位 家族成員患有　 腎病 你來自　　　　 高發病率 　　 的種族

一同起步 世界 腎臟日 World Kidney Day 2016 'Move your feet' campaign urges everyone around the globe, from all cultures and ages, to keep fit and active. This campaign is a symbol to encourage people to maintain a minimum level of physical activity in any way they can, with their own means and frequency, regardless of their physical condition. Small steps can make a difference to keep healthy kidneys and we value every single effort.   Join WKD and Move your Feet! 完 世界腎臟日是由 聯合倡議主辦