动名词
一、普通动名词 功能：它可以作介词宾语（科技文中最常见）、主语、宾语、表语。 1. 与不定式的主要区别 不定式：指具体的某一动作或将来的动作 动名词：不涉及时间含义的一般性动作；作主语时一般不用“it”句型 2. 在某些动词后一定要用动名词作宾语（汉译英时一定要记住它们） 常见的这类动词有：consider, avoid, involve, finish, facilitate, require, practice, suggest; mind, enjoy, deny, delay, postpone
Let us consider doing a simple experiment(实验). The final(最后的) step(步) involves(涉及) taking(取) the inverse(逆的) Laplace(拉普拉斯) transform(变换). In this case, it is possible to avoid(避免) using shift(移位) registers(寄存器). 3. 科技文中它主要作介词宾语 The watt(瓦特) is the unit(单位) for measuring(测量) the power(功率) expended(消耗) in the circuit(电路). Potential(势的) energy is capable of(能够) being readily(容易地) changed into kinetic(动的) energy.
注意以下形式的汉译法： （1）“by +动名词”：一般译成“通过…” When a cell(细胞) has reached(达到) its limit(极限) of growth(生长), it reproduces(繁殖) by dividing(分裂) in two. （2）“on/upon +动名词”：译成“一当…就”，“在…以后”，“在…时” Upon substituting(代入) these values(值) in Eq. (1-5), we have the following(以下的) result(结果). （3）“in +动名词”：译成“在…时候/期间”，“在…过程中”，“在…方面”
In using this equation(式子), we must pay attention to(注意) the sign(符号). 4. 动名词可以作“call”要求的补足语 We call this method(方法) completing the square(凑平方法). Finding(求) the possible values of these symbols(符号) is called solving(解) the equation(方程).