昆蟲翅膀多面睇 黃昱維、王亭云、黃宣蓁、黃婕瑜 華大附小

研究動機 假日時，到學校的校園逛逛，往往會看見許多昆蟲在空中飛行（蜻蜓．蝴蝶）。而大家一看到昆蟲，就覺得很奇怪，為何牠的翅膀可以承受那麼重的重量，於是，我們決定以昆蟲的翅膀作為我們的研究主題。

研究目的 1.動物翅膀的比較 2.昆蟲翅膀的觀察 3.蜻蜓飛翔行為探討 研究目的 1.動物翅膀的比較 2.昆蟲翅膀的觀察 3.蜻蜓飛翔行為探討

研究架構 昆蟲翅膀多面睇 動物翅膀比較 鳥類 蝙蝠 昆蟲 昆蟲翅膀觀察 翅的結構 翅的功能 翅的運動 蜻蜓飛翔行為探討 拍翅動作 飛翔能力 特殊飛翔行為

研究方法 1.資料收集 2.閱讀報告及討論 3.戶外觀察 4.實驗研究

研究方法 1.資料收集

研究方法 2.閱讀報告及討論

研究方法 3.戶外觀察

研究方法 4.實驗研究

研究方法 4.實驗研究

問題探討 研究二:昆蟲翅膀觀察 研究三:蜻蜓飛翔行為探討 問題1：有那些動物能飛翔? 問題2：鳥類：蝙蝠和昆蟲飛翔結構比較？ 研究一:動物翅膀比較 問題1：有那些動物能飛翔? 問題2：鳥類：蝙蝠和昆蟲飛翔結構比較？ 研究二:昆蟲翅膀觀察 問題3：昆蟲翅膀有那些型式？ 問題4：昆蟲翅膀有那些功用？ 問題5：昆蟲翅膀如何運動？ 研究三:蜻蜓飛翔行為探討 問題6：蜻蜓拍翅動作？ 問題7：蜻蜓飛翔能力比較？ 問題8：蜻蜓特殊飛翔行為觀察？

問題探討 問題1：有那些動物能飛翔? (艾登堡 2003) (威爾堡 2002)

問題探討 問題1：有那些動物能飛翔? https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A3eg9Gj4fGFUexUAvuZt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTIyNGwzN2NpBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZANjMzA3Mzk2ZTZmOWQ0YzY4YzEzYjAwOTk2ZGYzYWI2MgRncG9zAzkEaXQDYmluZw--?back=http%3A%2F%2Ftw.images.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dflying%2Banimal%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26y%3D%25E6%2590%259C%25E5%25B0%258B%26fr%3Dyfp%26fr2%3Dsb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D9&w=400&h=367&imgurl=www.toptenz.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F05%2Fflying-squirell.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toptenz.net%2Ftop-10-strangest-flying-animals.php&size=25.8KB&name=Top+10+Strangest+%3Cb%3EFlying%3C%2Fb%3E+%3Cb%3EAnimals%3C%2Fb%3E&p=flying+animal&oid=c307396e6f9d4c68c13b00996df3ab62&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com&fr=yfp&tt=Top+10+Strangest+%3Cb%3EFlying%3C%2Fb%3E+%3Cb%3EAnimals%3C%2Fb%3E&b=0&ni=21&no=9&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11qmcsfv4&sigb=150udhc6q&sigi=11uop6v0l&sigt=11d61bo7a&sign=11d61bo7a&.crumb=MJjast1LbEV&fr=yfp&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A3eg9Gkqe2FU8TwAz6xt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTIzcWVmMXNpBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMzOGRlOTY0ZTA1Yjk4M2U3MDVmYTA5ZmQ0MTMzZjJjNgRncG9zAzI3BGl0A2Jpbmc-?back=http%3A%2F%2Ftw.images.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dflying%2Banimal%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26y%3D%25E6%2590%259C%25E5%25B0%258B%26fr%3Dyfp%26fr2%3Dsb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D27&w=820&h=545&imgurl=1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-_TPDY8E7pPM%2FUM3i_kM0WrI%2FAAAAAAAABAs%2FxMj9d3ATnKo%2Fs1600%2FFlying%2BFish%2B4.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fanimalyou.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F12%2Fflying-fish.html&size=116.1KB&name=%3Cb%3Eanimal%3C%2Fb%3E+you+%3Cb%3Eflying%3C%2Fb%3E+fish+hawk+live+in+all+oceans+primarily+in+tropical+...&p=flying+animal&oid=38de964e05b983e705fa09fd4133f2c6&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com&fr=yfp&tt=%3Cb%3Eanimal%3C%2Fb%3E+you+%3Cb%3Eflying%3C%2Fb%3E+fish+hawk+live+in+all+oceans+primarily+in+tropical+...&b=0&ni=21&no=27&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11md0fi34&sigb=151gq2kfc&sigi=12qo81hj6&sigt=12mqv15el&sign=12mqv15el&.crumb=MJjast1LbEV&fr=yfp&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A8tUwJvTe2FUxjQAbblt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTBsZ29xY3ZzBHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEc2xrA2J1dHRvbg--;_ylc=X1MDMjExNDcwNTAwNQRfcgMyBGJjawM0Z2w5MWU1N3R2Z3ZzJTI2YiUzRDQlMjZkJTNEVmpxVUNCbHBZRVBENm1sODFqeC44T19EUGdtWGdES2hPT2MtJTI2cyUzRDdnJTI2aSUzRFVqbl9hcnNNc3pfWVNmdjZMMVRGBGZyA3lmcARncHJpZANwSUNpTmdoeVRLaU5DTFVSblNHS3NBBG10ZXN0aWQDbnVsbARuX3N1Z2cDMARvcmlnaW4DdHcuaW1hZ2VzLnNlYXJjaC55YWhvby5jb20EcG9zAzAEcHFzdHIDBHBxc3RybAMEcXN0cmwDMTMEcXVlcnkDZmx5aW5nIGxpemFyZAR0X3N0bXADMTQxNTY3NDk5OAR2dGVzdGlkA251bGw-?gprid=pICiNghyTKiNCLURnSGKsA&pvid=MdbD8jI3LjFIVSFxT9_D_AW7MTM0LgAAAAB7rXyS&p=flying+lizard&fr=yfp&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com&ei=UTF-8&n=60&x=wrt&y=%E6%90%9C%E5%B0%8B https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A3eg9GjyemFUwHIA.NNt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTIya3J2MHM1BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMxMGM5YWJiNGVhYTBhNDVmNGExYTA3YTU1MmU0YzcwZQRncG9zAzQEaXQDYmluZw--?back=http%3A%2F%2Ftw.images.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3F_adv_prop%3Dimage%26va%3Dflying%2Bsnake%26fr%3Dyfp%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D4&w=1000&h=1000&imgurl=www.aroshataglia.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fflying-snake-copy2.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pic2fly.com%2FFlying%2BSnake%2BPicture.html&size=188.2KB&name=%3Cb%3EFlying+Snake%3C%2Fb%3E+Picture+http%3A%2F%2Fmozaiekastene.be%2Fkleuters%2F%3Cb%3Eflying-snake%3C%2Fb%3E&p=flying+snake&oid=10c9abb4eaa0a45f4a1a07a552e4c70e&fr2=&fr=yfp&tt=%3Cb%3EFlying+Snake%3C%2Fb%3E+Picture+http%3A%2F%2Fmozaiekastene.be%2Fkleuters%2F%3Cb%3Eflying-snake%3C%2Fb%3E&b=0&ni=21&no=4&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11gf55n5m&sigb=13755lf7f&sigi=11u986d2a&sigt=12g1f5nic&sign=12g1f5nic&.crumb=MJjast1LbEV&fr=yfp https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A3eg9GnWe2FUbC4A4Ktt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTI0M2R2cWYzBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAM0ZmZkYmVmMTllZGM2NTY0YjU0MjExN2EyNDNhZDNlYQRncG9zAzE1OQRpdANiaW5n?back=http%3A%2F%2Ftw.images.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dflying%2Bfrog%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26y%3D%25E6%2590%259C%25E5%25B0%258B%26fr%3Dyfp%26fr2%3Dsb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com%26spos%3D24%26nost%3D1%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D159&w=597&h=315&imgurl=save-our-green.com%2Fallpost%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F11%2FRhacophorus.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsave-our-green.com%2Fallpost%2F%3Fp%3D2530&size=40.9KB&name=Rhacophorus+%E2%80%93+The+%3Cb%3EFlying+Frog%3C%2Fb%3E&p=flying+frog&oid=4ffdbef19edc6564b542117a243ad3ea&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com&fr=yfp&tt=Rhacophorus+%E2%80%93+The+%3Cb%3EFlying+Frog%3C%2Fb%3E&b=121&ni=21&no=159&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=1197b03dd&sigb=15fo63rok&sigi=125b9eek0&sigt=116aekiv0&sign=116aekiv0&.crumb=MJjast1LbEV&fr=yfp&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com

問題探討 鳥類翅膀: 骨骼、肌肉、羽毛 問題2：鳥類、蝙蝠和昆蟲飛翔結構比較？ (艾登堡 2003) https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A8tUwJr_gWFUP2IASdBt1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTIzMWsycW80BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAM3MDk5YWFkMTY2ODllODZiYWJlMzRjODYyODY0YTE1MARncG9zAzExBGl0A2Jpbmc-?back=http%3A%2F%2Ftw.images.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dbird%2Bwing%2Bmuscle%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26y%3D%25E6%2590%259C%25E5%25B0%258B%26fr%3Dyfp%26fr2%3Dsb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D11&w=900&h=378&imgurl=www.stevenhallart.co.uk%2FUSERIMAGES%2FWING.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stevenhallart.co.uk%2Fpage3.htm&size=60.8KB&name=%3Cb%3EWing%3C%2Fb%3E+%3Cb%3Emuscle%3C%2Fb%3Es.&p=bird+wing+muscle&oid=7099aad16689e86babe34c862864a150&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com&fr=yfp&tt=%3Cb%3EWing%3C%2Fb%3E+%3Cb%3Emuscle%3C%2Fb%3Es.&b=0&ni=21&no=11&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=118uksu47&sigb=15483grbk&sigi=11bt74j09&sigt=10r9lijd8&sign=10r9lijd8&.crumb=MJjast1LbEV&fr=yfp&fr2=sb-top-tw.images.search.yahoo.com (艾登堡 2003)

問題探討 問題2：鳥類、蝙蝠和昆蟲飛翔結構比較？ 蝙蝠翅膀: 骨骼 薄膜狀肌肉(形成翼膜) (威爾堡 2002) (威爾堡 2002)

問題探討 昆蟲翅膀: 肌肉 外表皮延伸薄膜 翅脈 問題2：鳥類、蝙蝠和昆蟲飛翔結構比較？ (Gullan and Cranton, 2004)

問題探討 問題3：昆蟲翅膀有那些型式？ https://www.google.com.tw/search?biw=1280&bih=679&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=tipulidae&oq=tipulidae&gs_l=img.3...6240.11175.0.11430.17.14.1.0.0.2.44.340.9.9.0....0...1c.1.58.img..9.8.266.Bacr7-G_mEg#facrc=_&imgdii=ABdJSWLtIvoISM%3A%3B_4WLBTzyypCD4M%3BABdJSWLtIvoISM%3A&imgrc=ABdJSWLtIvoISM%253A%3BGGYChr_bYSrFEM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F666kb.com%252Fi%252Fbnnfm5umcp8a8hlzn.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.diptera.info%252Fforum%252Fviewthread.php%253Fthread_id%253D33923%2526pid%253D150786%3B800%3B600

問題探討 目名 特化情形 功能 代表種類 鞘翅目 前翅為翅鞘 提供腹部保護 金龜子、獨角仙、甲蟲等 直翅目 前翅為翅覆 蝗、螽蟖、蜢等 問題4：昆蟲翅膀有那些功用？ 目名 特化情形 功能 代表種類 鞘翅目 前翅為翅鞘 提供腹部保護 金龜子、獨角仙、甲蟲等 直翅目 前翅為翅覆 蝗、螽蟖、蜢等 鱗翅目 前後翅皆覆蓋鱗粉 防水 蝶和蛾 雙翅目 後翅為平衡棍 飛翔平衡 蚊、蠅、蚋、虻等 半翅目 前翅基部角質，後半部膜質 不詳 椿象、紅娘華、負子蟲 纓翅目 前後翅為羽毛狀 薊馬

問題探討 昆蟲飛翔肌肉分為: 直接飛翔肌: 肌肉連接翅膀基部，直接控制翅膀運動 2.間接飛翔肌: 肌肉與翅不相連，肌肉讓胸部變形而讓翅運動 問題5：昆蟲翅膀如何運動？ 昆蟲飛翔肌肉分為: 直接飛翔肌: 肌肉連接翅膀基部，直接控制翅膀運動 2.間接飛翔肌: 肌肉與翅不相連，肌肉讓胸部變形而讓翅運動

問題探討 問題5：昆蟲翅膀如何運動？ 直接飛翔肌 間接飛翔肌 (Gullan and Cranton, 2004)

問題探討 問題6：蜻蜓拍翅動作？ 蜻蜓飛翔時足緊貼合胸下方 飛翔時前後翅並不同步 翅膀拍動時翅面傾斜，前緣高後緣低 滑翔時前後翅呈同一水平 https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=dragonfly+flying&espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=sR9iVOjCKsbFmAX80oLACg&ved=0CBsQsAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=-DrWayI8_L_x0M%253A%3BlF6k1K-wdKTqnM%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fc2.staticflickr.com%252F2%252F1266%252F1454165393_c5384dd040.jpg%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252Frobertseber%252F1454165393%252F%3B500%3B333 https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=dragonfly+flying&espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=sR9iVOjCKsbFmAX80oLACg&ved=0CBsQsAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=ULrYxLZKlkypeM%253A%3BA6TtLHkZWG7O_M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.steves-digicams.com%252Fdpotd%252Fjul2004%252F07112004.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fbest-dragon.blogspot.com%252F2010_12_01_archive.html%3B640%3B466 https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=dragonfly+flying&espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=sR9iVOjCKsbFmAX80oLACg&ved=0CBsQsAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=hLPKfA4bzbaMYM%253A%3Bepi2P99D7_z9GM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.dcresource.com%252Fforums%252Fattachment.php%253Fattachmentid%253D53311%2526d%253D1275213629%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.dcresource.com%252Fforums%252Fshowthread.php%253F7296-Perpetual-insect-photo-thread%252Fpage173%3B1237%3B928 https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=dragonfly+flying&espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=sR9iVOjCKsbFmAX80oLACg&ved=0CBsQsAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=2MzJkQJ583PhVM%253A%3BL6tnGMv9zvhMtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblog.lochnesswatergardens.com%252Fpondblog%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F03%252Fdragonfly-flying.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lochnesswatergardens.com%252Fpondblog%252Fdragonfly%252F%3B425%3B282

問題探討 問題7：蜻蜓飛翔能力比較？  拍翅速度與飛翔時速並非一定呈正相關 種類 拍翅速度/每秒 飛翔時速 紋白蝶 10次 0.4km 家蠅 100-150次 8km 蜜蜂 200次 20km 蜻蜓 30次 40km (朱耀沂, 2010) http://www.tyc.edu.tw/files/CD/science45/senior/0408/040812.pdf  拍翅速度與飛翔時速並非一定呈正相關

問題探討 問題7：蜻蜓飛翔能力比較？

問題探討 問題8：蜻蜓特殊飛翔行為？ 產卵 連結飛行 競爭 https://www.google.com.tw/search?espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=dragonfly+mating+flying&oq=dragonfly+mating+flying&gs_l=img.3...66725.78239.0.79866.27.19.2.0.0.3.132.983.18j1.19.0....0...1c.1.58.img..27.0.0.LezItftAW8s#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=oYosh652PWEfGM%253A%3B8HPQtOPowv4A0M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fforum.wexphotographic.com%252Fpictures%25255CIMGP8806b.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fforum.wexphotographic.com%252Fviewprevious.asp%253FPage%253D2%2526Month%253D10%2526Year%253D2011%3B866%3B501 產卵 https://www.google.com.tw/search?espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&oq=dragonfly+egg+laying++flying&gs_l=img.3...24498.29278.0.30117.17.17.0.0.0.0.69.770.17.17.0....0...1c.1.58.img..16.1.61.v4pc_N3gh2I&q=dragonfly%20egg%20laying%20flying#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=C7GXwdn-GfJdfM%253A%3BivNWnDdvKbzDvM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F2.bp.blogspot.com%252F_Q_DfDWNmc_k%252FTFeXSN4wgaI%252FAAAAAAAAAA0%252FTqMbU3lAA2Q%252Fs320%252Femperor_egg_laying.Clashmore%252525200706.%25252520MalArn%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fshari-dragonflies.blogspot.com%252F2010_08_01_archive.html%3B313%3B320 連結飛行 競爭 https://www.google.com.tw/search?espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=dragonfly+fighting&oq=dragonfly+fighting&gs_l=img.3...101689.102030.0.102699.3.3.0.0.0.0.48.131.3.3.0....0...1c.1.58.img..3.0.0.98efvyBDN8w#facrc=_&imgdii=cnsXyP9F1zFMxM%3A%3BDBLA84YOpH_vkM%3BcnsXyP9F1zFMxM%3A&imgrc=cnsXyP9F1zFMxM%253A%3BTo8bGwwzEUtJ7M%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fc1.staticflickr.com%252F7%252F6130%252F5970842580_7b03da1ecd_z.jpg%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252Fbogush%252F5970842580%252F%3B640%3B640 https://www.google.com.tw/search?espv=2&biw=1920&bih=971&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=dragonfly+fighting&oq=dragonfly+fighting&gs_l=img.3...101689.102030.0.102699.3.3.0.0.0.0.48.131.3.3.0....0...1c.1.58.img..3.0.0.98efvyBDN8w#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=cnsXyP9F1zFMxM%253A%3BTo8bGwwzEUtJ7M%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fc1.staticflickr.com%252F7%252F6130%252F5970842580_7b03da1ecd_z.jpg%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.flickr.com%252Fphotos%252Fbogush%252F5970842580%252F%3B640%3B640

結論 1.鳥類和蝙蝠翅膀以肌肉和骨骼組成;昆蟲翅膀是外骨骼所組成。 2.昆蟲翅膀除飛翔外，常特化而具有保護和平衡功能。 3.昆蟲有兩種飛翔肌肉(間接飛翔肌和直接飛翔肌)。 4.昆蟲兩對翅膀可同步或不同步拍動。 5.昆蟲拍翅速度與飛翔速度不是正相關。 6.飛翔靈活的動物，常具優良視覺系統或方向定位能力。

參考資料 艾登堡 (蔡承志譯) 2003 鳥類的秘密生活貓頭鷹出版台北 328頁。 朱耀沂 2010 數不盡的昆蟲資源-從昆蟲的運動功能談起科學月刊 482:94-95。 芭芭拉泰勒 (陳順發譯)2002 口袋圖書館:鳥類貓頭鷹出版台北 176頁。 林良恭、李玲玲、鄭錫奇 2004 臺灣的蝙蝠國立自然科學博物館臺中 177頁。 威爾森 (張麗瓊譯) 2002 蝙蝠Q&A 大樹文化事業股份有限公司出版台北 176頁。 貢穀紳 1979 昆蟲學中冊國立中興大學農學院出版臺中 763貢。 曹美華 2006 台灣120種蜻蜓圖鑑社團法人台北市野鳥協會出版台北 128貢。 詹見平 2007 和蜻蜻做朋友人人出版股份有限公司台北　119頁。 Gullan, P.J. and P.S. Cranston (徐堉峰譯) 2004 昆蟲學概論合記圖書出版台北 476貢。 人民網科技論壇昆蟲距離最遠的遷徙:蜻蜓從印度跨海飛往非洲作者:孝文 2009 http://scitech.people.com.cn/BIG5/9672332.html 各種昆蟲的飛行原理是什麼作者:不詳 2010 http://tc.wangchao.net.cn/zhidao/detail_3310748.html 昆蟲的飛行作者:郭語喬、陳昱琁、葉德聲 2013 http://www.shs.edu.tw/works/essay/2013/03/2013032814122503.pdf 海陸空三種最致命的蛇:樹蛇能空中滑行近百米作者:不詳 2010 http://share.youthwant.com.tw/Outlink.php?id=65008416&to=http://tech.big5.enorth.com.cn/system/2010/05/10/004671740.shtml 會滑降的動物奇摩知識作者:不詳2012 https://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question;_ylt=A8tUwYs3qk1U4HQAT9lr1gt.;_ylu=X3oDMTEzczRtOXFzBHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA3R3MQR2dGlkA1RXQzA4MV8x?qid=1610021700674 Animal flight: wing structures and wingbeatmechanisms by Larry Keeley 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCekEHI82oA Darner mating interaction in flight by Dragonfly Whisperer 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOpU7Cn2MV4 Dragonflies flying – A circus in the air by Warren M Gray 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pvMegrzs_M Dragonfly laying eggs bymolongriff 2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2ghpU896Is Dragonfly behavior: prey catching by Georg Ruppell 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayRkkBwqzEA Dragonfly wings in slow motion bySmarterEveryDay 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxrLYv0QXa4 Fascinating dragonfly in UltraSlo flight by UltraSlo 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUfYiQSWJAg Fly eats fly in slow motion by The Slow Mo Gyus 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOyc98tV5kA How do insects fly by Head Squeeze 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cInwuPmxobM

~感謝大家~