Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer Grammar

作为评论者，对文学作品或电影作品里的情节和人物，可以用现在时来叙述。以下使用现在时。 Tom Sawyer is a handsome boy. Tom Sawyer is a clever and naughty boy. Tom Sawyer is a boy without parents. Tom Sawyer is a boy living near the Mississippi. Tom Sawyer has got a task to paint a long big fence. 我们称一个修饰或限定一个名词的单词或短语为定语。定语可置于该名词的前面或后面。前置的定语由形容词担当，后置定语可以形式多样：介词短语，分词短语，不定式短语，还可以是从句。

作为作者，在文学作品里，通常选择用过去时来讲述故事。如《哈里波特》。以下摘选使用过去时。 Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play. He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. Tom said, “I am the only person that can do it well.” 蓝色的句子修饰前面红色的名词，这个句子是一个定语从句。

Tom began to think of the games. He wanted to play the games. Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play. that 指代 the games that 连接 he wanted to play一起构成从句 that 是从句的宾语 He knew the boys would soon come along and make fun of him. The boys were free. He knew the boys would soon come along and make fun of him. that were free that 指代 the boys that 连接were free一起构成从句 that 是从句的主语

“I’m the only person that can do it right.” 主句 定语从句 定语 “I’m the only person that can do it right.” 先行词 关系词 〓 定语从句是先行词的后置定语 定语从句由关系词引导 关系词所指代的是先行词 关系词在从句中承担一个句子成分 关系代词 关系副词 which who, whom whose that where when

Read the introduction and the examples Read the introduction and the examples. Then complete “Work out the rule”. We use relative clauses to give information about people and things.

Work out the rule Relative clauses about people start with ________ or ________. Those about things start with ________ or ________. who that which that

The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. A Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Then draw an arrow to show the person or thing that the relative clause describes. The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. which=novel, 从句意判断which在从句中作 宾语，因此which可以省。 2. The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain. who在从句中作主语，不可省。

3. The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. 4. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another famous novel which Mark Twain wrote. 5. The only friend that Huckleberry Finn had was Tom Sawyer. that在从句中作主语，不可省 which在从句中作宾语，可省 that在从句中作宾语，可省

1. This is the boy ________ gave Tom a kite. B Here are some more pictures about the story on page 99. Describe the pictures by adding who, which or that. 1. This is the boy ________ gave Tom a kite. 2. This is the kite __________ Billy Fisher gave Tom. 3. This is the boy _________ offered Tom two toy soldiers. who / that which / that who / that

4. These are the toy soldiers _________ Johnny Miller gave Tom. 5. This is the woman _________ looks after Tom. 6. This is the fence __________ Tom’s friends painted. which / that who / that which / that

Match the two sentences 1.The waiters were polite. The waiters served us. __________________________________________________ 2. The dishes didn’t taste as good as they looked. We order some dishes. 3. The meal cost me 100 yuan. I usually spend 100 yuan on my lunch for a week. The waiters that/who served us were polite. The dishes (that/which) we ordered didn’t taste as good as they looked. The meal cost me 100 yuan (that/which) I spend on my lunch for a week.

C Here is another story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer C Here is another story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In pairs, read the story carefully and talk about the pictures below. Use the words from the box to help you.

S1: Who’s / What’s this? S2: It’s … He’s / It’s the … who / which / that …

S1: Who’s this? S2: It’s Tom Sawyer. He’s the boy who/that was in the graveyard with Huck Finn. Tom Sawyer S1: Who’s this? S2: It’s Huck Finn. He’s the boy who/that is Tom’s best friend. Huck Finn

S1: What’s this? S2: It’s a knife. It’s the knife (which/that) Injun Joe put in Muff’s hand. knife S1: Who’s this? S2: It’s Dr Robinson. He’s the man who/that was killed. Dr Robinson

S1: Who’s this? S2: It’s Muff Potter. He’s the man who/that was knocked out by the doctor. Muff Potter S1: Who’s this? S2: It’s Injun Joe. He’s the man who/that killed the doctor. Injun Joe

Tell a little child about these farm animals. A ….. is an animal which ……