Grammar The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative

过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 定语——在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。

Practice 1. a retired teacher (attribute) 一位退休的教师 2. an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 3. The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关门了。 4. You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。 (attribute) (attribute) (predicative) (predicative)

1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面. 一、作定语修饰名词或代词 1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面. 1.The encouraged people are excited. 2. The broken cup is thrown away. 3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs. 4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.

2、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.

3、 有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。 in the given time with the words given 在既定的时间内 用所给的单词 a concerned look the people concerned 关切的神情 有关人士 a wanted person workers wanted 被通缉的人 招聘工人

The window is broken. 窗户碎了。 Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。 二、作表语 1、表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。 The window is broken. 窗户碎了。 Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。

The windows were closed by Tom last night. 2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： （１）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded （２）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。 The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.

（3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。 The glass was broken by Tom. Your composition is well written.

I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door opened . 现在分词与过去分词区别 现在分词: 表示主动的动作 1.语态上 过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作 I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door opened . 现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作 2.时间上 过去分词: 表示完成的意思 the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun

3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。 a moving film a moved audience The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.

√ √ Practice 2. With a lot of different problems ____, the 1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying √ 2. With a lot of different problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled √

3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrase ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known √ 4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read √

A A D B 5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. called A A 6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited D 7、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B.to be written C. being written D.written

A B A C B 8、 Who is the man to your father just now? Who is the man to just now? A.speaking B. spoken B A 9、The building last year is seventy meters high. The building now is seventy meters high. The building next month is seventy meters high. A. built B. to be built C. being built C B

A B C 10、An agreement tomorrow will do good to every one of us. A. to be signed B. being signed C. signed 11、The plan for the trip by our teacher next week is very important. A. made B. to be made C. being made 12、 The Olympic games , in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing B C

13、Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.(NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay C A 14、As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 15、The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the ship was making a landing. (2004 上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating C

A A B A B C A 修饰look, smile, voice, face等能表示人的感受的过去分词. From his ____ look on his face, the price of meat must have risen. A. disappointed B. disappointing (2) He hung up the phone with a ____ smile on his face. A. satisfied B. satisfying (3) She shouted in a ____ voice. A. pleasing B. pleased (4) Judging from her ____ face, she must be in trouble. A. puzzled B. puzzling (5) The ____ parents are not ____ with their ____ son. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. satisfied A B A B C A

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