Unit 1 A land of diversity

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. distinction n. 差别; 区分; 卓著 have the distinction of… 有…特点 make a distinction between A and B 把A与B区别开 distinct adj. 清晰的; 明显的; 明确的 be distinct from… 与…不同 这两种观点截然不同。 These two ideas are quite distinct from each other.

1. live on 继续存在; 继续生存 2. live on sth. 以某物为食; 靠…为生 3. live by doing sth. 靠做…为生 4. live a...life 过着…的生活 (1)The lonely old man _______ charity. (2)Mozart is dead but his music _______. lives on lives on

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 本句是一个主从复合句, 主句是no one really knows, 从句是when引导的宾语从句。为强调宾语而把宾语从句前置。 在when引导的宾语从句中, 有what引导的宾语从句, what在从句中做宾语。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 此句中的 it 是形式主语, that引导的是主语从句。 主语从句位置： 1. 位于主句谓语动词之前。 2. 用it作形式主语, 把主语从句放在主句之后。 it is likely to do sth./that… 可能做某事 sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人/事物可能做某事 注: 表示可能的有: likely; probable; possible。但只有likely能以人为主语。

means n．手段; 方法 1. by means of 用…办法；借助… 2. by no means 绝不; 一点也不 3. by this means 通过这种方式 4. by every means 用一切办法 5. by all means 无论如何; 当然可以; 没问题 注意: 1. means是单复数同形的名词。 2. means作主语且有every, each等修饰时, 谓语动词用单数;作主语且有all; several; many等修饰时, 谓语动词用复数。

表示方法的单词及习惯搭配: means: by means of way: in…way; way to do/of doing sth.; way that/in which/X method: with…method approach: approach to(介) (doing) sth.

arrival n. 到达 arrive v. 到达 on one’s arrival at/in … = on arriving at/in … 一到达… 我们一到达农场就受到了农民的热烈欢迎。 On our arrival at the farm, we were warmly welcomed by the farmers.

Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose… majority n．大多数; 大半 minority n. 少数; 半数以下 major adj. 主要的 minor adj. 少数的 1. the majority of 大部分… 2. be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数

注意: (1)the majority单独做主语时, 谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。 The majority were/was against the plan. (2)the majority of 后接复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; 后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数。

That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. That is why... 那就是…的原因, why引导表语从句。 That is because 那是因为…, because引导表语从句。 The reason why… is/was that… 他今天早上迟到的原因是他生病了。 The reason why he was late this morning was that he was ill.

Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. make a life 习惯新的生活方式、工作等; 谋生 make/earn a/one’s living 谋生 live/lead a...life 过着…的生活 in spite of/despite+词/短语=although/though+从句 ① Kelly loved her husband the fact that he drank too much. ② I can’t help admiring the man’s courage, I do not approve of his methods. in spite of/despite Although/Though

By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. By the time引导的状语从句常用一般时态, 主句多用完成时态, 有时也用一般时态。 By the time you came back, I _____________ this book. (finish) By the time you come back, I __________________ this book. (finish) By the time I went home，I ____ tired and hungry. (be) had finished would have finished was

elect v. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举 be elected (to be/as) + n. 被推选为… 杰克最终被选为校学生会主席。 Jack was finally elected (to be/as) president of the school's Student Union. election n. 选举

Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 本句为强调句型, 强调主语。 immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民 immigrate v. 移入(外国定居) immigration n. 移民; 移居入境 migration n. 移民; 迁移 migrate v. 移居; 移动 migrant n. 移居者; 候鸟 emigrant n. 移民; 侨民 emigrate v. 移居; 移居外国 emigration n. 移民; 移民出境; 移居外国

percent n. 百分之… (前面往往是具体数字) percentage n. 百分比; 百分率(前面不能是具体数字; 前面一般用small; large等, 提问一般用what) 注: a percentage of后接复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; 后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数。

keep up 坚持; 维持; 沿袭(风俗、传统等) I hope the fine weather will keep up. I think you should keep up your courage. 扩展: keep up with 跟上; 赶上… keep fit 保持身体健康 keep/bear… in mind 记住… keep in touch with 与…保持联系

What problems do you think might arise? arise-arose-arisen v. 出现 arise from 由…产生 Accidents often arise from carelessness. rise-rose-risen v. 升起、上涨 raise-raised-raised v. 举起、抬起、种植、饲养、筹集

用rise、raise、arise的适当形式。 One day, a man and a small rabbit which he _______ wanted to go across a stream. However, a problem that the small rabbit could not cross the stream by itself _______ for the water had _____ by two feet than usual after the heavy rain. So the man had to _____ the rabbit above his head. raised arose risen raise

consist of = be made up of 由…组成/构成 The rescue work _____ 3 parts, of which saving the people’s lives is the most important one. A. makes up of B. consists of C. links to D. divides into Canada is a country _____ many different nationalities as well as one with foreign immigrants ____ the majority of its population. A. making up of; occupied with B. consisting of; making up C. made up of; consisting of D. consisted of; making up B B

applicant n. 申请人 apply v. 申请、运用 application n. 申请、运用 1. apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 = make an application to sb. for sth. 2. apply…to(介)… 把…应用于… application form 申请表

occur-occurred-occurred vi. 发生; 出现 地震时, 我碰巧正坐在教室里。 I happened to be sitting in the classroom when the earthquake occurred. sth. occur to(介) sb. (主意或想法等)突然浮现在某人脑海中; 某人突然想起某事 我心中浮现一个好主意。 A good idea occurred to me. It occurs to(介) sb. that-clause 某人突然想起… 我从来都没有想到像她这样的尖子生竟然会考试不及格。 It never occurred to me that a top student like her should have failed in the exam.

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