文法宅急便 B4 U9 Hanlin

If / What if although / though

While ... When ... If ... After... START HERE We will go when... I will be here until... If I have... Go forward 3 spaces After I arrive home, ... While ... Go back 2 spaces If I don’t study hard... ...until I graduate. When ... Go back 3 spaces My mom will never if... I’ll clean the house ... If I don’t go... Before I get marrried... If ... Before I leave Home ... As soon as this class Is over... While I am at school... If there Isn’t... Go forward 2 spaces After... Before I go to college... After I get married... Go back 10 spaces If I win ... FINISH

if if 是從屬連接詞，連接條件的副詞子句。 主要子句— (條件)副詞子句— 未來 或 祈使句 現在簡單式 1. 注意「逗號」。 2. 注意「主詞」的更換。 3. 表示未來有可能會發生的事： 主要子句— (條件)副詞子句— Ex: If Bill does more exercises, he will learn better. =Bill will learn better if he does more exercises. 未來 或 祈使句 現在簡單式

P. 46

P. 47 If Fiona takes the medicine, she will feel much better. We will go to the beach if it is sunny this weekend. 試試看 [順序交換]

We were proud of ourselves though we lost the game. 1. 連接詞 although (雖然) 的用法 the exam was hard, I got good grades. = =(but) 2.連接詞 though (雖然) 的用法 We were proud of ourselves though we lost the game. Although Though although though I got good grades  the exam was hard.  The exam was hard, but I got good grades. Though we lost the game, we were proud of ourselves. We lost the game, but we were proud of ourselves. Though we lost the game, but we were proud of ourselves. (X) 不可同時出現!

除了 though 、 but， because 和 so 也有相同用法! Because she got up too late, she was late for school. She got up late, so she was late for school. Because she got up too late, so she was late for school. 不可同時出現!

I know the answer I can’t tell you and but or because as soon as although I know the answer I can’t tell you

and but or because as soon as although The coffee is good ?

and but or because as soon as although I went to the shop… ?

he heard his dad driving back home and but or because as soon as yet He hid away his PS4 he heard his dad driving back home

You can use credit cards and but or because as soon as yet You can use credit cards you can pay with cash

her teammates tried pretty hard although however unless if until whether her teammates tried pretty hard they still lost the game

I can leave you alone and peaceful although however unless if until whether give me 10 dollars I can leave you alone and peaceful

his wife loves him deeply although however unless if until whether his wife loves him deeply she is crazy about Kpop male stars

although however unless if until whether I washed my shirt, ?

Jack’s never heard of the news about dismembered women although however unless if until whether Jack’s never heard of the news about dismembered women It’s all over the front page of every newspaper

P. 47 試試看 [順序交換] We will practice playing soccer 11. 如果明天不下雨，我們會練習踢足球。(…if…) 12. 如果你不認識這個字，試著去查字典。(If…) 13. 如果天氣好，我會和Tina去參加音樂會。(If…) P. 47 試試看 [順序交換] We will practice playing soccer if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. If you don’t know this word, try to look it up in the dictionary. If the weather is fine, I will go to the concert with Tina.

雖然；即使 though although even though but 但是

although = though 雖然 even though 即使 although 和 but 不可以同時出現。 though / although / even though + 副詞子句  though：較口語，放在 句首 或 句尾。 although：和 though 意思及用法相同，但是 不可以放在句尾。  even though：強調「（落空的）期待」。 but：可改寫 though / although 的句子，前有逗號 although 和 but 不可以同時出現。

We were proud of ourselves though we lost the game. 1. 連接詞 although (雖然) 的用法 the exam was hard, I got good grades. = =(but) 2.連接詞 though (雖然) 的用法 We were proud of ourselves though we lost the game. Although Though although though I got good grades  the exam was hard.  The exam was hard, but I got good grades. Though we lost the game, we were proud of ourselves. We lost the game, but we were proud of ourselves. Though we lost the game, but we were proud of ourselves. (X) 不可同時出現!

除了 though 、 but， because 和 so 也有相同用法! Because she got up too late, she was late for school. She got up late, so she was late for school. Because she got up too late, so she was late for school. 不可同時出現!

Even though the exam was easy, I failed. 3.連接詞 even though (即使) = as if 的用法 Even though the exam was easy, I failed. =Even if the exam was easy, I failed. 強調「（落空的）期待」

P. 48 or 否則;或是

P. 48 (1) Although they practiced hard, they didn’t win the game. (2) They didn’t win the game although they practiced hard. (1) They still went to school though it snowed heavily. (2) It snowed heavily, but they still went to school.

P. 49 (1) Although we tried many times, we still failed. 12. We tried many times, but we still failed. (1) Although we tried many times, we still failed. (2) We still failed although we tried many times. 13. 雖然那位女士很窮，但是她很快樂。(Although…) Although that woman is very poor, she is very happy. 14. 雖然Lucas參加了讀書會，但是他仍然考試不及格。 (…though…) Lucas still failed the test though he joined the study group.

如果

The Subjunctive Mood Part I 對 未來 的假設 條件子句

現在簡單式 在未來有可能會發生，條件句用 現在式 原形 V (祈使句，表命令) 現在簡單式 (習慣、真理) 未來式 (可能會發生) 現在簡單式 Ex1: If you want to get good grades, practice more! Ex2: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. Ex3: If you finish your homework, you can watch TV. Ex4: If Linda is here, you must tell her the truth.

The Subjunctive Mood Part II 與 現在事實相反 的假設

與現在事實剛好相反，條件句用 過去式 注意: Ex1: If Tom had time, he would visit us. 1. 『 If I were you, … 』的用法很常見，用來給予忠告、建議。 2. beV 不分人稱，一律都是使用 were Ex1: If Tom had time, he would visit us. Ex2: If I were you, I could marry a rich man. Ex3: If he were nicer, we would be good friends. 假如他能夠更親切一點，我們可能可以是好朋友。 事實上?

If John here now, he for us. were could sing 1. John is not here now. He can’t sing for us. If John here now, he for us. were could sing 2. I am not a bird. I can’t fly to you. If I a bird, I to you. were would fly 3. If Tom had time, he would visit us. 事實上? Tom doesn’t have time. He can’t visit us.

1. If you keep working hard, you ( are / will be ) sick. 2 1. If you keep working hard, you ( are / will be ) sick. 2. If you ( finish / will finish ) homework later, I will let you watch TV. 3. If she ( will have / has ) time tomorrow, I will take her out to see a movie. 4. If it ( doesn't / won't ) rain this Sunday, we'll have a picnic. 5. If Vicky gets home, ( will ask / ask ) her to call me back. 6. If someone comes, ( will let / let ) me know about it. 7. When I was young, I ( will like / like / liked ) to go fishing. 祈使句/will 未來式

8. When I have time, I always ( go / will go ) shopping for food. 9 8. When I have time, I always ( go / will go ) shopping for food. 9. When I ( grow / will grow ) up, I will become a lawyer. 10. When Chinese New Year ( will arrive / arrives ), we get lucky money. 11. Before she goes to school, she ( will eat / eats / ate ) breakfast at home every day. 12. Though Vicky is fat, she ( will eat / eat / eats / ate ) many snacks all the time. 13. Because she is a student, she ( will be / is / was ) very busy with her schoolwork. 現在的習慣 現在式 未來會發生的事 未來式

14. Because I made a mistake, my mother ( will be / is / was ) angry. 15. If you don’t wash dishes, Mom 　　　 very angry. (A) was (B) is (C) will be (D) being 16. You _______ yourself after you always work so hard. (A) killed (B) will kill (C) had killed (D) would have killed 17. If there 　　　　 a party next year, I’ll invite you. will be (B) will have (C) is (D) has　 18. If John 　　　　 a birthday party for May, he will ask for your help. is (B) will have (C) will be (D) has

23. If Sara late again, the teacher will be mad. 19. If the rain _______ this afternoon, we’ll go to the farm by bike. will stop (B) stops (C) is stopping (D) stopped 20. When I ________ free time, I visit my grandmother. have (B) has (C) had (D) having 21. If we (take) the MRT, we could arrive here earlier. 22. Stacy (be) angry if she knows that you broke her favorite vase. 23. If Sara late again, the teacher will be mad. 24. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t cheat on the exam. took will be is were

If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home and watch TV. 25. 假如明天下雨，我將待在家裡看電視。 ______________________________________________________ 26. 如果明天有颱風的話，我們將不會去學校。 27. We are sick. We don’t take care of ourselves.（ If …） _____________________________________________28. We can’t live without air or water.（用 …if / have 改寫） _____________________________________________ If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home and watch TV. If there is a typhoon tomorrow, we won’t go to school. If we don’t take care of ourselves, we will be sick. We can’t live if we don’t have air or water.

如果…的話怎麼辦呢？

What if ＋主詞＋動詞 What if he doesn’t agree? What if he comes back now? 意義︰“如果…的話怎麼辦呢？” 用於反語 或 預測未來可能會發生不好的結果。 What if it is true? What if he doesn’t agree? What if he comes back now? What if you don't pass the exam?

What If…?

The Subjunctive Mood Part III 與 過去事實相反 的假設

過去完成式 + have p.p. 與過去事實相反，條件句用 過去完成式 had + p.p. would could should might + have p.p.

Ex1：If you had studied harder, you would have passed your exam. 如果你之前有更努力讀書的話，你就會通過考試。 Ex2：I would have been happy if you had called me. 如果你當時有打給我，我會很開心的。 (你過去沒有努力讀書，所以沒通過考試) 事實上? You didn’t study harder. You didn’t pass your exam. (事實是：你沒有打給我，所以我不開心) I wasn’t happy. 事實上? You didn’t call me.

Ex1: Peter was busy last night. He didn’t go to the party with us. If Peter busy last night, he to the party with us. had not been had gone Ex2: Linda didn’t catch the train. It rained. If it ,Linda would the train. had not rained have caught

[重點整理]

If 條件句：口訣 1. 現在與未來皆真實，用 現在式 2. 與現在事實相反，用 過去式 3. 與過去事實相反，用 過去完成式

現在，你分得清楚這三句了嗎？ 1. If Tom has time, he will visit us. 2. If Tom had time, he would visit us. 3. If Tom had had time, he would have visited us. → 如果Tom有時間，他會來拜訪我們 → 如果Tom現在有時間，他(現在)會來拜訪我們 → 如果Tom當時有時間，他(當時)會來拜訪我們

[文法解析] If you’d given me your e-mail, I’d have written to you. 1. 在 if 子句 當中，出現 ’d，那一定是 had 的縮寫， 因為這類的 if 子句都是使用 過去完成式! 2.在 主要子句 中， ’d have +p.p. = would have p.p. If you’d given me your e-mail, I’d have written to you. = If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.