Comparison of Adjective and adverbs 比较等级的含义 : 即形容词和副词的原级 (positive degree), 比较级 (comparative degree), 最高级 (superlative degree) 表示 “ 等于 ” 时用原级 : I am just.

Presentation on theme: "Comparison of Adjective and adverbs 比较等级的含义 : 即形容词和副词的原级 (positive degree), 比较级 (comparative degree), 最高级 (superlative degree) 表示 “ 等于 ” 时用原级 : I am just."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Comparison of Adjective and adverbs 比较等级的含义 : 即形容词和副词的原级 (positive degree), 比较级 (comparative degree), 最高级 (superlative degree) 表示 “ 等于 ” 时用原级 : I am just as busy today as I was yesterday. 表示二者比较时用比较级 : I am much busier today than I was yesterday. 表示 “ 最...” 时用最高级 : That was the busiest day of my life. 比较等级的含义 : 即形容词和副词的原级 (positive degree), 比较级 (comparative degree), 最高级 (superlative degree) 表示 “ 等于 ” 时用原级 : I am just as busy today as I was yesterday. 表示二者比较时用比较级 : I am much busier today than I was yesterday. 表示 “ 最...” 时用最高级 : That was the busiest day of my life.

3 形容词的比较等级的变化规则 : 构成法原级比较级最高级 单音节词末尾加 -er 和 - est greatgreatergreatest 单音节词如以 -e 结尾, 只加 -r 和 -est brave fine braver finer bravest finest 闭音节单音节词如末 尾只有一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字 母，再加 -er 和 -est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 少数以 -y,-er,-ow,-bie 结尾的双音节词, 末尾 加 -er, 和 -est( 以 - 结尾的 词, 如 -y 前是辅音字母, 则变 -y 为 -i, 再加 -er,est 以 -e 结尾的加 -r,-st happy clever narrow able happier cleverer narrower abler happiest cleverest narrowest ablest 其他双音节词和多音 节词在前面加单词 more,most difficultmore difficultmost difficult

4 注意 : A) 英语里有些形容词的比较级变化是不规则的, 这些 形容词有 : good\well better best bad\ill worse worst many\much more mose little\few less lest far farther\further farther\farthest old older\elder oldest\eldest late later\latter latest\last B) 英语里表示 “ 较不...” 和 “ 最不...” 时可用 less 与 least 如 difficult less difficult least difficult 注意 : A) 英语里有些形容词的比较级变化是不规则的, 这些 形容词有 : good\well better best bad\ill worse worst many\much more mose little\few less lest far farther\further farther\farthest old older\elder oldest\eldest late later\latter latest\last B) 英语里表示 “ 较不...” 和 “ 最不...” 时可用 less 与 least 如 difficult less difficult least difficult

5  C) 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不能有比较等级形 式, 如 right, excellent,wrong,naked,perfect,infinite, simultaneous,wooden,absolute,chief,entire eternal,final,fatal,possible,main,inevitable, primary,sufficient,supreme,unanimous,universal, utter,vital,whole 等。  C) 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不能有比较等级形 式, 如 right, excellent,wrong,naked,perfect,infinite, simultaneous,wooden,absolute,chief,entire eternal,final,fatal,possible,main,inevitable, primary,sufficient,supreme,unanimous,universal, utter,vital,whole 等。

6 副词的比较等级 副词的比较等级形式的变化与形容词大致相同, 但以后 缀 -ly 结尾的副词须用 more 和 most hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest quickly more quickly most quickly carefully more carefully most carefully 下列副词的比较等级为不规则变化 : well better best badly worse worst much more most far farther farthest further furthest

7 形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法 1 ）原级常用 “as+ 原级 +as” 结构 否定的原级用 “not as...as” 或 ”not so...as” 结构 2 ）比较级常用 “ 比较级 +than” 结构 否定比较与否定原级一样, 也用 ”not as(so)...as...” 结构, 也可用 “less...than” 结构 3 ）最高级常用 “the+ 最高级 + 比较范围 ” 结构，比较范 围为短语或从句, 在非正式文体中, 比较范围也可用 “of any...” 短语。形容词的否定最高级也可用 the least 。

8  Study the following sentences  He ‘s as tall as I.  He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.  He is taller than I.  She is not as tall as I.  This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.  This is the best picture in the hall.  He sings the best in the class.  The dog has a funny,short tail and certainly the funniest face of any dog in the world.  She wanted to know how to do it with the least amount of bother.

9 1) 原级常用 “as+ 原级 +as” 结构, 否定的原级用 “not as...as” 或 ”not so...as” 结构. He likes her as much as he likes his sister. German is just as difficult a language as English.( 注意该 句的词序 ) To criticize like him one must be as generous and as wise( 要像他那样进行文学批评, 我们就必须和他一样地大 度和聪慧 ) His wife is not as generous as himself. My school is not so big as his. The west area of our country is not as rich and develop- ed as the east area.

10 2) 比较级常用 “ 比较级 +than” 结构, 否定比较与否定原级一 样, 可用 ”not as(so)...as...” 结构, 也可用 “less...than” 结 构。 She sees me more often than she sees her brother. This word is used less frequently in British English. You ought to have told me earlier.( 在一定的上下文 中,than 从句可以省去 ) China is less developed than America now. Africa is not so rich as Asia.

11 3) 最高级常用 “the+ 最高级 + 比较范围 ” 结构，比较范围为短 语或从句, 在非正式文体中, 比较范围也可用 “of any...” 短语。 形容词的否定最高级也可用 the least 。 This is the best picture that he ever pained. This is the biggest house in this area. The old man is the richest man in his country. This is the possible answer.( 在一定上下问中, 表示比较范 围的短语或从句可以省去 ) This is the best of all. My mother is the one of persons whom I respect most

12 形容词、副词比较等级的其他用法： 1 ）原级的其他用法： a ） as (so)...as 结构前可以用 just, almost,nearly,half 等词表 示程度。如 : She hasn‘t been quiet so unlucky as she pretends. She doesn’t dress half so strangely as Tom. b) 注意下面句中 as...as 的用法 : She is as gifted as she is diligent. c) as 从句的省略结构, 可以省去整个谓语部分, 保留主语 Is he as handsome as his brother? 可以省去谓语部分, 保留主语和 be,have 或助动词 I have as many assignment as you have. 可以省去主语和谓语部分, 只保留修饰语 ( 多为状语 ) It’s as warm there as in Beijing.

13 2) 比较级的其他用法 a) 比较级前可 many,much,far,a little,a bit, slightly, a great (good) deal, a lot,completely 等词表示不定度量. The sun is much bigger than the earth. They will come back a little later. The building look far uglier in London than here. b) 比较级前可用 any 和 no He was too tired to walk any further. The train is no longer in sight. c) no more (less) than 与 not more (less) than 的含义不同 I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.( 我口袋里的钱不多于 5 元 ) He is no less determined than you (“ 他的决心不亚于你 ”, 言其大 ) He is not less determined than you (“ 他的决心不比你小 ” 无言其大小的含义 )

14 d) 比较级前可用 “ 数词 + 名词 ” 构成的名词短语表示确定的度量 He is two inches taller than his father. She could not take a step further.( 她一步也不能走了 ) e) 比较级可与 even,still,yet 等副词连用表示 “ 更加 ” We are working still harder now. This is bad ;that is yet worse. 表示 “ 因此而更加...” 则用 all,so much,none 等 + 副词 the + 比较级 +( 表示原因 的状语 ), 这种结构之后不可再接 than 从句 I walked around for two hours yesterday, and the doctor said I was none the worse for it. f) 表语中比较两个形容词时, 不管形容词有多少个音节, 皆须用 more...than... 结 构, 其意义往往是 “...rather than...” 可译为 “ 是...... 而不是......” 或颠倒词序 译为 “ 与其说是......, 而不如说是......” That little girl is more shy than timid.( 那个小姑娘是害羞而不是胆怯 )

15 g) more than 作为固定词组意谓 “ 多于 ”, 常用于数词 ( 或相当于数 词的词 ) 之前。 More than 1000people attended the meeting. Tomorrow,don’t make more than a few buns. more than 用于其他词语时则常意谓 “ 不止 ” 、 “ 超过 ” 等。 She is more than pretty.( 她何止是漂亮 ) You are more than welcome( 非常欢迎你 ) I more than saw it,I felt it too.( 我不仅看见它了, 我还感觉到它 了 ) 和 more than 意义相反的有 less than,worse than,little than 等 He seemed less than overjoyed. You are worse than unfair, You are mean.( 你不止是不公, 你是 卑鄙.)

16 h) 表示 “ 越来越......” 用 “ 比较级 +and + 比较级 ” 结构或 “more and more + 原级 ” 这中结构后不可接 than 从句。 Things are getting better and better every day. He is becoming more and more active in sports. 亦可用 “ever 等副词 + 比较级 ” 表示 “ 越来越...” The road got ever worse until there was none at all. Her position was becoming daily more insecure. i) 表示 “ 越..., 就越...” 常用 “ 副词 the + 比较级 + 副词 the + 比较级 ” 结构，前者是状语从句，后着是主句 。 The more ， the better 。 The more haste,the less speed. j) 比较级用于否定结构可表示为 “ 最... 不过 ” Nothing better! （那最好不过了） There is nothing cheaper!( 再便宜不过了 )

17  k ） than 从句的省略结构与 as 结构大致相同，它可以省去整 个谓语部分，保留主语  She is more highly regarded than he.  Does Peter wear his hair longer than Tom.  它可以省去部分谓语谓语部分，保留主语和 be ， have 或助 动词  John drove much more carefully than Tim did  比较从句可以省去主要动词，保留其余部分  Imperialism will not change its nature any more th-  an a leopard will its spots.  比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分，保留宾语  I love him more than her.  They love their liberties even more than their lives.  比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分, 保留修饰语  It’s pleasanter traveling by day than by night.

18  3) 最高级的其他用法  a ) 最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly,almost, by no means 等词所修饰.  The Yellow River is the second longest in China.  Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.  b) 形容词最高级用作表语强调事物品质时应省去定冠词  This is where the river is deepest.  Put the picture where light is best.  c) 有时带 the 的形容词最高级亦是绝对最高级, 意谓 “ 极 ”  We would like to help you with the greatest pleasure.  Oh,we made the rudest remark!  d) 最高级可以和物主代词连用表示最佳状况或状态  I think ha has done his best.  I will try my best to help you.

19  e) 最高级有时有 “ 即使 ” 的意思  There is no smallest doubt.  The slightest neglect would cause a great loss.  4) 英语里表示比较等级的手段还有 :  a) 用 equal (ly),same,enough, 等表示 as...as....  No one’s fingers are equally long.  They are the same age.  b) “too + 原级 ” 和 “ 原级 +for 短语 ” 也可以表示比较级.  It’s too long.(=It’s longer than is necessary)  He is tall for his age.(=He is taller than normal)  c) 有时单用原级就可表示比较级  You are five minutes late.(=You are too late )

20 Read aloud all the example sentences on each page and try to make more same sentences