新人教版英语选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity Unit 2 Cloning

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1 新人教版英语选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity Unit 2 Cloning
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Unit 4 Pygmalion Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

2 Unit 1 A land of diversity
词汇过关 短语习得 重点句型 目标解读

3 词汇过关 1. 重点单词拼写 1) A large m　　　　of people have never traveled outside China. 【答案】 majority 2) Sarah s　　　　into the room and carefully shut the door. 【答案】slipped 3)What was his r　　　　when you told him you were leaving? 【答案】reaction 4) He was one of the 200 a　　　　for the teaching post. 【答案】applicants 5) Now it is not easy to go into the US. There are strict controls on i 　　　　into the country.

4 词汇过关 【答案】immigration 6) Research I　　　　　that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 【答案】indicates 7) In that country, bicycles are a very important m　　　　of transport. 【答案】means 8) We h　　　　a car for a week when we were in Italy. 【答案】hired 2. 选词填空，作必要词形变化 apparent　react　immigration　means　mix　applicant　swap indicate nationality　available

5 词汇过关 1) He regarded his marriage merely as a to an end : he just
wanted his wife’s wealth. 【答案】means 2) Tickets are　　　　at the box office. 【答案】available 3) The children’s poor health was　　　 from their physical appearance. 【答案】apparent 4) Sugar, when　　　　with water, dissolves quickly. 【答案】mixed 5)　　　　into the US became difficult after the September 11. 【答案】Immigration

6 词汇过关 6) To our surprise, there were 4，000 for the job. 【答案】applicants
7) He　　　　that he was turning right, but then he turned left! 【答案】indicated 8) After dinner, they sat around　　　　stories about their travels. 【答案】 swapping 9) People can　　　　badly to certain food addictives (添加剂). 【答案】react 10) There are as many as 56 different　　　　in China. 【答案】nationalities 返回单元菜单

7 短语习得 短语积累 take in 包含；收留；领会；欺骗 take after sb （长相或举止）像（长辈）
take sth / sb off　　　　　　　 脱掉；模仿（人）；休假 take off　　　　　　　　　　（飞机）起飞；迅速走红 take sth over (from sb)　　　　 接管 take on　　　　　　　　　　 雇用；承担；呈现（面貌） take sth up　　　　　　　　　开始从事/学习；占用(时间或空间)； 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 接受(建议或挑战)；继续(谈论或处理) occur to sb.　　　　　　　　 （想法或主意）被想到 occur to sb　　　　　　　　 某人想到 it occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到 it occurs to sb that ... 　　　　 某人想到

8 短语习得 2. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空 take in　take after　take off　take on　take up　take over 1) It took me a long time to　　　　what the teacher was saying. 【答案】take in 2) Mary really　　　　her mother; she has the same eyes, nose and hair. 【答案】takes after 3) I’m　　　　Friday　　　　because I’m moving house. 【答案】taking; off 4) My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to　　　　any more work. 【答案】take on 5) These boxes of yours are　　　　too much space.

9 短语习得 【答案】taking up 6) I’m feeling too tired to drive any longer. Will you　　　　? 【答案】 take over 返回单元菜单

10 重点句型 1. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(P2) 这是一外多重复合句，主句no one really knows带了一个以exactly when引导的宾语从句（因为太长被前置），而宾语多句中介词in也 带了一个以what引导的宾语从句what we now know as California. when和what在这里引导的都是名词性从句，其中，what相当于the thing that或everything that,表示“所……之事”。know ... as ...将……称 为；认为；认定 This area is known as Little Hong Kong.  这一地区被称为“小香港”。 即时强化练习： 翻译下面句子 我将尽我所能来帮助你。 【答案】I’ll do what I can (do) to help you.

11 重点句型 2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(P3) It is believed that ... 据信…… It is said that ... 据说 It is reported that ... 据报道 It is known that ... 众所周知 即时强化练习： 翻译下面句子 人们普遍认为这种病毒最初来自猴子。 【答案】It is widely believed that the virus originally came from the monkeys.

12 重点句型 3. No one is known to have escaped.(P8)
be known to do = It is known that ... 众所周知 本句相当于It is (well-) known that no one (has) escaped. They are known to have spoken to the President about it. 众所周知，他们已向总统提过此事。 She is known to be interested in rap music. = It is known that she is interested in rap music. 她喜欢说唱乐是人所共知的。 这种结构中的动词不定式用完成式表示该动作是过去的或已经发生 的行为。试比较： He is believed to be living in Pakistan. 据信现在他任在巴基斯坦。 即时强化练习： 翻译下面句子

13 重点句型 三个人失踪了，人们普遍认为他已被杀/死亡。
【答案】A third man is missing and is believed to have been killed / and is believed to be dead. 4. Although some boys in his situation might have turned to crime to get money for food and clothing, Louis never did. 介词短语in his situation在这里相当于一个虚拟条件句if they (= some boys) had been as poor as Louis,表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以后面的主句谓语动词也用了虚拟语气might have turned to crime. turn to sb /sth 转向；求助于 There is nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门。 He turned to drugs / drinks when his wife left him. 妻子离开他之后，他开始吸毒/酗酒。

14 重点句型 即时强化练习： 翻译下面句子 如果是另一种情况的话，我可能就拒绝了。
【答案】In different circumstances I would have said no 返回单元菜单

15 目标解读 1. It didn’t occur to me there had be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. (P8) occur vi. 想起，想到；发生，出现 Just at that moment an idea occurred to me. 就在那时，我突然想起了一个主意。 It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job. 我突然想到我们可以用计算机来做这项工作。 2. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric time. (P2) means n.（单复数同形）方法，手段，工具 This plan must be put into practice by all means. 必须尽一切办法实施这个计划。

16 目标解读 All the possible means have been used to solve the medical problem. 为了解决这个医疗问题，所有可能方法都尝试了。 【词汇网络】by all means 尽一切办法；一定；务必；当然可以 by any means 无论如何 by means of 用；依靠 by no means 决不；并没有 by this means 用这种方法 3. Notice how the listener reacts. (P9)  react v. 反应 reaction n 反应 How did your head teacher react after you destroyed the window of the classroom? 你的班主任对你损坏了班上的窗户有什么反应？

17 目标解读 What was your brother’s reaction to the news? 你的兄弟对这个消息有什么反应？
【词汇网络】react to 对……作出反应 react on / upon 对……有影响 react against 反对；反抗；作出反抗的反应 4. Why is it important in a telephone conversation to indicate that you are paying attention to what the other person is saying? (P7) indicate vt. 指出，指示；表明，象征 The circle on the map indicates where the accident happened. 图上的圆圈表明事故发生的地点。 A red sky at night indicates that the following day will be fine. 晚上天边红预示明朝天气好。 5. He is from an immigrant family originally from South America and

18 目标解读 speaks excellent Spanish. (P4) immigrate vi.移民入境，移居
immigrant n. 移民 Many Asians have immigrated to European countries.  很多亚洲人移居到欧洲国家。 There are many immigrants from America in Australia. 澳大利亚有很多美洲移民。 6. The famous prison on the island is kept up well. (P8) 在岛上的著名的监狱被保存得很好。 keep up 维持，保持，保养；使不下降 It costs a lot of money to keep up a car.  要保养一部车子需要很多的钱。 How much does it cost you to keep your large house and garden?

19 目标解读 管理你的大房子和花园需要多少花费？ 【词汇网络】keep away (from) 不接近
keep back 阻止，抑制，不能接近 keep ... from 阻止……做某事 keep off 远离 keep up with 跟上 keep an eye on 留心，关照 keep hold of 抓住 keep a record of 记载 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 7. I teamed up with a couple from my hotel and hired a car. (P8) team up with 相称，合伙；合作，协作 The two factories have teamed up to make the new products.

20 目标解读 两家工厂联手制造那些新产品。 The new tie teams up nicely with your black suit. 这条新领带与你的黑西装很相称。 【词汇网络】team spirit 团队精神 team-work 协力工作 8. I am exhausted and don’t feel like doing anything else. (P9) feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 He feels like going out for a walk after supper. Don’t you feel like swimming in winter? 【词汇网络】would like to do sth. 想要做某事 would prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A事而不愿做B事 prefer to do ... rather than do... 宁愿干……而不愿干 would rather do sth.宁愿做…… would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做…… 返回模块菜单 返回单元菜单

21 Unit 2 Cloning 词汇过关 短语习得 重点句型 目标解读

22 词汇过关 1. 重点单词拼写 1) What’s the p for renewing your car insurance（保险）？
【答案】 procedure 2) She u　　　　　full responsibility for the failure of the project（计 划）. 【答案】undertook 3) The only o　　　　to hiring him is that he can’t drive. 【答案】objection 4) Further information can be o　　　　from our head office in Beijing. 【答案】obtained 5) It is r　　　　to suppose that house prices will come down soon. 【答案】reasonable

23 词汇过关 6) Muslim women are f to go out without a veil （面纱） 【答案】forbidden
7) He didn’t want to b　　　　her with his financial problems during their honeymoon（蜜月） 【答案】bother 8) He a　　　　a lot of material for writing a good composition. 【答案】accumulated 9) Don’t lie to her. She is b　　　　to find out about it. 【答案】bound 10) They had to operate on his eyes to r　　　　his sight（视力） 【答案】restore.

24 词汇过关 2. 选词填空 commercial　regulation　decoration　shortly　resist　assumption argument　disturbing　altogether　merely 1) Jim failed to see the　　　　value of his discovery. 【答案】commercial 2) There is a　　　　increasing on the crime rate in the city. 【答案】disturbing 3) How much do I owe you　　　　? 【答案】altogether 4) The　　　　of our new house had taken months and cost nearly 1 million 【答案】decoration

25 词汇过关 5) Believing that I was charged too much, I got into an with the
dtaxi driver. 【答案】argument 6) A balanced diet will increase your ability to　　　 infection（感染） 【答案】resist 7) I’m not trying to criticize（批评）you, I’m　　　　trying to find out how the accident happened. 【答案】merely 8) Many people make the　　　　that poverty（贫困）only exists in the Third World. 【答案】assumption 9) The accident happened　　　　after school was over.

26 词汇过关 【答案】shortly 10) There are strict　　　　about the use of chemicals in food. 【答案】regulations 返回单元菜单

27 短语习得 1. 短语积累 in favor of 支持；赞同；有利于 be bound to 一定会；有义务
from time to time有时；间或= at times / now and again / now and then / every now and then pay off 　　　　　　　　　　 还清；成功；得到回报 cast down 　　　　　　　　　 使沮丧；失望的 cast away　　　　　　　　　 （因般失事而）使漂流 2. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空 in favor of　cast down　object to　pay off　cast away　from time to time 1) Two hundred workers have　　　　. 【答案】been paid off （被付清工资解雇了）

28 短语习得 2) I’m people going out and enjoying themselves as long as they
don’t disturb other people. 【答案】in favor of (赞成；支持) 3) I still come and see her　　　　although I’ve moved to another city. 【答案】from time to time (偶尔) 4) I being spoken to like that. 【答案】 object to (反对；反感) 5) Michael seems quite　　　　. What has happened to him? 【答案】cast down (沮丧) 6) If you were　　　　on a desert island, what would you miss most? 【答案】cast away (因沉船而)流落 返回单元菜单

29 重点句型 1. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists was rewarded in 1996 with a breakthrough ... the cloning of Dolly the Sheep (P11). Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.(P12) 上述两句中，the cloning of Dolly the Sheep 和half the length of the life of the original sheep分别是a breakthrough和six years的同位语。一个名词（个别时候也可以是代词）后面可以接一个单词、短语或从句，对前者作进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。如： The defendant, a woman of 35, denies kicking the policeman. 那位被告，一位35岁的妇女，否认踢了警察。 同位语从句一般用that引导，不作任何成分，但不能省略. 2. Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. (P11)

30 重点句型 克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。
be here to stay / have come to stay:某事物持续下去；某事物被普遍接受；某事物成为生活的一部分 Do you think high unemployment is here to stay? 你认为高失业率会一直持续下去吗？ 3. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(P12) 另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。 a storm of 一阵（感情的爆发） The decision was greeted with a storm of applause / cheers / abuse / booing. 这一决定引来了暴风雨般的掌声/欢呼声/招来了一阵怒骂/一阵嘘声（喝倒彩的声音）。

31 重点句型 raise在这里表示“唤起；引起；发出”
The men raised a loud cheer as the president appeared. 总统一出现，人们就发出热烈的欢呼声。 4. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. (P15) 群体的多样性是指这群动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 with their genes arranged in different way是一由with引导复合的结构，常用来作后置定语或时间、原因、伴随等状语，如： He stood there, with his back towards his father. 他站在那里，背对着他父亲。 With so much work on hand / to do, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. 有那么多工作要做，恐怕我不能跟你一起去。 With John working abroad and Mary traveling most of the time, the house seems empty.

32 重点句型 由于约翰在国外工作，而玛丽大部分时间都在旅行，所以他们的房子显得空荡荡的。
5. Based on what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10，000 years.(P16) 就我们现在所知,你不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。 be based on 以……为基础 base sth on sth 以……为基础 The film was based on a true story. 这部电影是以一个真实的故事为基础改编的。 They based their estimate on the figures for the last three years. 他们以过去三年的数字为依据进行估算。 本句中based on what we know now是一个过去分词作状语，表示条件。又如：

33 重点句型 Based on a study of consumer spending, their marketing strategy was very successful. 他们的销售策略是根据消费者花钱的情况所做的研究而制定的，所以很成功。 6.So the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.(P16) 所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了！ chance在本句中表示“可能性”，后面常跟of结构和that引导的同位语从句： a / no chance of sth a / no chance of(sb) doing sth a/ no chance that The chance of rain is less than 20% 下雨的可有性不到20%。

34 重点句型 There is no chance of him getting a ticket, I think.
我认为他没有可能弄到票。 7. With the help of special cloning techniques, such people can be restored to perfect health and be able to live a normal life again. 在一些特殊克隆技术的帮助下，这些人可以完全恢复健康并重新过上正常的生活。 with the help of 在……的帮助下 With the help of the teacher, she has made rapid progress in English. 在老师的帮助下，她的英语取得了很快的进步。 restore vt. 恢复（原状/健康）；修复 The army was called in to restore law and order. 部队被召来恢复法治。 live / lead a...life 过着……生活 I just want to be able to lead a normal life.

35 重点句型 我只想能过正常的生活。 即时强化练习： 根据所给汉语完成句子
我只想能过正常的生活。　 即时强化练习： 根据所给汉语完成句子 His chances　　　　(得到这个工作) are slim since he doesn’t have a master’s degree. 【答案】of getting the job 2) Have you seen the film　　　　　(以……为根据)the story of Heller Keller? 【答案】based on (或which is based on) 3) The news　　　　(她不得不辞职) is spreading. 【答案】that she has to resign 4) 　　　　(从远处看), the snow covered mountains are mysterious. 【答案】Seen from the distance

36 重点句型 5) He sat there, (翘起二郎腿)。 【答案】with his legs crossed
6) She looked out of the window,　　　　(陷入沉思) 【答案】lost in thought 7) 　　　　(随着经济的发展)，we are living a better life. 【答案】With the economy developing (或As the economy develops) 返回单元菜单

37 目标解读 1. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly became seriously ill. (P12) 然后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。 disturb v. 搅乱；打扰；使人烦恼或不安 disturbing 令人烦恼的，disturbed 烦恼的，受打扰的 disturbance n. 烦恼，打扰，纷乱 He entered the room quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. 他悄悄地进入房间以便不打扰睡着的孩子。 It’s very disturbing that we haven’t heard from her. 没有收到她的来信令人我们感到不安。 【词语辨析】disturb / interrupt  disturb 扰乱，妨碍，打乱，一般用作打扰别人正常的心理或生 活，打乱原来的状况。 interrupt 一般指“打乱，阻断”之意，也可指“插嘴”

38 目标解读 2. Why do some people object to human cloning? (P14)
objection n.  All of us objected that he was too young to take the high position. 我们所有人都反对他就任高职因为他太年轻。 I feel a strong objection to going to work early. 我强烈反对早上班。 【词汇网络】object to sth. / doing sth. 反对…… raise / voice an objection 提出反对意见 have an objection to (doing) sth. 反对干某事 3. Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more complicated. (P11)  straightforward adj. 简单的；易懂的；正直的；老实的；坦率的

39 目标解读 I would like you to give me a straightforward answer.
我希望你给一个简单的回答。 At least he was quite straightforward about it; you can’t say he was trying to deceive you. 他起码在那件事上是相当坦率的，你不能说他试图欺骗你。 【词语辨析】frank / open / plain / honest / sincere / straightforward  frank 强调毫无保留地畅所欲言，不受任何约束。  open 指不隐瞒自己的秘密，愿意向他人表露自己或公开暴露自己的缺点。 plain 指直言，毫不做作或故弄玄虚。 honest 指遵守一定的道德准则。 sincere 侧重指一个人出自内心地对某人某事表示一种诚意。 straightforward 多用于答复、叙述等场合，指直截了当，不回避。

40 目标解读 4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned? (P10)
arise vi. 出现；发生；造成 A new problem about the project arose in the meeting. 在会议上出现了关于那工程的新问题。 The traffic accidents always arise from carelessness. 交通事故往往是由粗心造成的。 【词语辨析】arise / rise / raise / lift  arise vi.指“上升，出现，发生”是一种庄严的用语。 rise vi. 指“升高，耸立，上升”之意，表示事物本身由低处移到高处，可引申为“起床，起立”。 raise vt. “抬起，举起，升起”，表示把某物从低处移到高处；有时指“提高价值、名誉、地位”等，又可作“扶养，饲养”解。 Lift vt. & vi“举起，抬起，提高，升起”，强调用人力或机械把重物

41 目标解读 提高到较高的位置。 5. Dolly’s death, like her birth , was bound to raise worries. (P14) be bound to 注定；有义务做 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天的天气肯定会更好。 Parents feel bound to tell their children how to act politely. 父母有责任告诉孩子怎样做到举止有礼。 【词汇网络】be bound up in 忙于；专注于 be bound up with 牵涉；和……有密切关系 6. From time to time people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. (P15) 人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物，例如恐龙，有可能通过克隆技

42 目标解读 术使他们复活。 from time to time 有时，偶尔
The clothes manufacturers changed the clothes styles from time to time. bring …… back to life 使……复活 I can’t bring your late husband back to life no matter how much money you are willing to pay me. 不管你愿意给我多少钱，我都不能让你的亡夫起死回生。 7. Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children. 其它动物会生存下来并将抵抗疾病的能力传给下一代。 pass on... to... 将……传给……； He caught a serious disease and passed it to his wife. 他得了重病并传给了他的妻子。

43 目标解读 Please read the note quickly and then pass it on to the next one.
请迅速阅读那张纸条并传给下一个。 【词汇网络】pass down 使世代相传，流传（一般用于被动语态） pass away 去世 pass sb. / by 忽视，不注意 pass through 经过，经历 pass as / for （错误地）被看作…… 返回模块菜单 返回单元菜单

44 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
词汇过关 短语习得 重点句型 目标解读

45 词汇过关 1. 重点单词拼写 1) A few t with a hammer and it was fixed. 【答案】taps
2) The twins are so much alike that it is difficult to d　　　　one from the other. 【答案】distinguish 3) Demand for p　　　　such as coal and steel is increasing. 【答案】products 4) Your return ticket will be v　　　　for three months. 【答案】valid 5) They closed all the windows in e　　　　of rain. 【答案】expectation (in expectation of rain预料天要下雨)

46 词汇过关 6) The manager keeps a f on all the complaints against the store.
【答案】file (keep a file of sth将某东西存档) 7) There were more than 300 a　　　　for the six jobs. 【答案】applications (申请表) 8) It is believed that all his phone calls were being m　　　 by the police. 【答案】monitored 9) Be careful! That ladder isn’t s　　　　. Let me hold it for you. 【答案】stable 10) The c　　　　is the strongest in the middle of the river. 【答案】current (水流) 11) How much p　　　　　experience do you have of working with computers?

47 词汇过关 【答案】practical 12) The lake was d with a great many sailboats.
【答案】dotted 2. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空 abrupt　current　straw　bear　passive　mess criterion　practical convenient　version 1) The two newspapers gave different　　　　of what happened. 【答案】versions 2) The boy was happily drinking the chocolate milkshake I had bought for him through a　　　　and went away. 【答案】straw 3) Her　　　　boyfriend is a software designer, who is said to earn a six-figure income.

48 词汇过关 【答案】current 4) The previous chairman had left the company in a terrible　　　　 and my job was to restore（恢复）the company to profitability（盈利）. 【答案】mess 5) The bus came to an　　　　stop and all of us were thrown forward. 【答案】abrupt 6) I can’t　　　　people smoking while they are eating in a restaurant. 【答案】bear 7) Our house is very　　　　for schools and stores. 【答案】convenient 8) What are your　　　　　for judging a bottle of wine? 【答案】criteria

49 词汇过关 9) Most of the things you learn at school have no value in the
real world. 【答案】practical 10) 　　　　smoking means taking in someone else’s cigarette and it also harmful to health. 【答案】Passive 返回单元菜单

50 短语习得 短语积累 call up 打电话；征召；使想起 look back (on / upon sth) 回顾；回想起
remind sb of sth 　　　　　　 使某人想起；提醒某人做某事 set about sth / doing sth  set out to do sth　　　　　　　 着手做 set out　　　　　　　　　　　动身、阐述、摆放  hang on　　　　　　　　　　 别挂断；紧紧抓住（to sth）；继续 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　继续等待；坚持下去 hold on　　　　　　　　　　 挂断；紧紧抓住(to sth)；坚持下去 out of order　　　　　　　　　次序颠倒；发生故障；不恰当的 in order　　　　　　　　　　 井然有序的；恰当的 get through　　　　　　　　　接通电话；通过 put sb through　　　　　　　 为某人接通；打（电话） come up with　　　　　　　　 想出；拿出；提出；给出

51 短语习得 2. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空 put up with　catch up with　come up with　keep up with 1) I can’t　　　　your rudeness any more! 【答案】put up with 2) When asked why he was late, he couldn’t　　　　an answer. 【答案】come up with 3) At the moment our technology is more advanced than theirs, but they are　　　　us fast. 【答案】put up with 4) I’m having trouble　　　　the rest of the class. 【答案】come up with 返回单元菜单

52 重点句型 1. Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here.(P20) seem后面用了动词不定式的完成式，表示该行为已发生，又如： He seemed to have known about it.  他似乎已经听说了此事。 即时强化练习: 翻译下面句子 1）我碰巧读过他正在谈起的那本书。 【答案】I happened to have read the book he was talking about. 2) 据报道，那本书已译成了汉语。 【答案】The book is reported to have been translated into Chinese.

53 重点句型 2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. (P20) 这里的when cooled 相当于when it (the jelly) is cooled。过去分词（也包括现在分词）作状语时常常可以和从属连词同时使用。 本单元多次出现这种句式，比如： But once (they were) picked up, they tried to bite me. 但是一把它们提起来，它们就要咬我。 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But (after they had been) monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。但是经过仔细的监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。 即时强化练习: 翻译下面句子

54 重点句型 来昂那多一边在做发明，一边也在画画。
【答案】While (he was) making inventions Leonardo was also painting. 3. He learned to design whatever his employer wanted: cities, canals, bridges or weapons. Whatever无论什么，可以引导名词性从句，相当于anything that, 也可以引导状语从句，相当于no matter what: Whatever happens, don’t lose heart.  不管发生了什么事都不要灰心丧气。 即时强化练习: 翻译下面句子 他们能找到什么吃的就吃什么。 【答案】They ate whatever food they could find. 返回单元菜单

55 目标解读 1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (P20) call up 给……打电话，与ring up 意思相同，可以互换，若动词的宾语是代词，通常把代词放在call和up之间，如果是名词则既可放在call 和up之间或者call up 之后。 Remember to call me up the moment you arrive in Xiamen. 记得一到厦门就打电话给我。 【词汇网络】call at 拜访（某处） call on 拜访（某人）；号召 call for 需要；要求 call in 招来；叫来；下令退回，要求收回 2. Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here. (P20)

56 目标解读 有蛇不时地出现在房子的附近，他们似乎已经在这里筑窝了。 now and then 有时，偶而
We go to visit my grandparents who live in the country now and then. 有时我们会到乡下看望我的祖父母。 【词汇网络】以下短语都表示“有时，不时，偶尔”  now and then  from time to time; once in a while; sometimes; at times; occasionally 3. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. (P20)

57 目标解读 product n.制品；产物；和成物；产品；结果，成果
Jack shows great interest in meat products. 杰克对肉制品很感兴趣。 Mix the two together, and you will probably get its products. 把两者混合起来，必然可以得到生成物。 【词语辨析】product / produce product 通常经过加工或研制出来的产品或者制品；指某种东西发展到一个阶段必然产生的结果或获得的生成物；produce通常指生产出的产品，尤其指农产品,因此常与agricultural, farm, garden, fresh搭配使用. A large number of fresh local produce is on sale in this market. 本市场有大量的本地新鲜农产品出售. Haier Group is developing so rapidly that its products sell well at home

58 目标解读 and abroad.  海尔集团发展如此迅速，它的产品畅销国内外。
4. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. (P21)  monitor v 监控，监听收视 n. 班长；监听器；监视器 They have been monitoring the enemy on the opposite of the sea so as to find out their secret plan. 他们一直监控着大海对岸的敌军的情况以便能获知他们的计划。 When we were having our English exam, Miss Li monitored us. 我们英语测试时，李老师负责监考。 She did not know they had put a monitor in her car. 她不知道他们已经在她的车上安装了监听器。 5. Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn’t

59 目标解读 work the first time. (P22)
in case以防，以防万一，用作连词，其后面通常跟一个句子，有示假设的一个条件。 Mary put down many notes in class in case she would forget them. 玛利记了很多笔记以免会忘记。 I will bring my raincoat whenever I am out in case it rains. 我每逢出去都会带上雨衣以防下雨。 【词汇网络】in case of 如果，万一 in this case 如果这样 in that case 如果那样 in no case 决不 in any case 无论如何 【词语辨析】in case与if 

60 目标解读 in case与if不是同一个意思，前者可以用来谈论预防措施：提前做某些事情以保证安全，或为以后出的问题作准备。后者只是一个假设，强调结局或后果。 You should insure your building in case there is a fire. 你应当给楼房保险，以防发生火灾。 You should telephone 999 if there is a fire. 如果失火，请拨火警999。 （在失火之前给楼房保险；在失火之后挂电话。） 返回模块菜单 返回单元菜单

61 Unit 4 Pygmalion 词汇过关 短语习得 重点句型 目标解读

62 词汇过关 1. 重点单词拼写 1) What makes this product s　　　　to the others is that it costs much less. 【答案】superior 2) He has got some d　　　 habits, such as taking off his shoes in public places. 【答案】disgusting 3) There was a time when the teaching profession had a low s　　　　in China. Teachers were poorly paid and people looked down upon them. 【答案】status 4) My bedroom is o　　　 by the neighbors so I have to close the curtain. 【答案】overlooked 5) Hearing the news, Josie threw herself on the bed, s　　　　.

63 词汇过关 【答案】sobbing 6) His trembling voice b　　　　　his nervousness, although he looked collected. 【答案】betrayed 7) She knew that society would c　　　　her for leaving her sick baby. 【答案】condemn 8) Only a h　　　　of companies have carried out the safety regulations. 【答案】handful 9) The teacher might d　　　　the class early today because of the snow. 【答案】dismiss 10) The Coco Cola bottle is one of the c　　　　　 designs of the last century. 【答案】classic

64 词汇过关 2. 用方框中词汇的正确形式填空 adaptation　plot　hesitate　outcome　upper　brilliant　classify acquaintance　compromise　mistake 1) We were anxiously waiting for the　　　　of the competition. 【答案】outcome 2) Hendrix was a　　　　rock guitarist that no one can match. 【答案】brilliant 3) The process of　　　　to a new school is difficult for some children. 【答案】adaptation 4) We managed to　　　　on a price for the car. 【答案】compromise

65 词汇过关 5) His wife had taken part in the to rob the taxi driver.
【答案】plot 6) You are very much　　　　　if you think that people will agree to theses changes. 【答案】mistaken 7) She stood　　　　over whether to join the fight or not. 【答案】hesitating 8) Wines are　　　　according to quality. 【答案】classified 9) I first made his　　　　　　in 1992, when we were both at Stanford University. 【答案】acquaintance

66 词汇过关 10) Chongqing is located in the reaches of the Changjiang River.
【答案】upper 返回单元菜单

67 短语习得 短语积累 pass off (as) 冒充 pass away 去世 pass by 经过；不注意；忽视；忽略
pass down / on　　　　　　　 把……传给后世 pass on　　　　　　　　　 去世；传给；继续下去 pass out　　　　　　　　　 昏过去；分发；从军校毕业 pass over　　　　　　　　　 忽视；忽略；对……置之不理 pass up　　　　　　　　　 错过；放过 generally (speaking) 　　　　 一般来说 generally　　　　　　　　　 大体上讲；普遍地 in general　　　　　　　　　 一般说来；总体上 broadly speaking　　　　　　 广义上来说 strictly speaking 　　　　　　 严格地说

68 短语习得 frankly speaking 坦率地说 roughly speaking 粗略地讲
personally speaking　　　　　 就我个人来说 in terms of / in...terms　　　　 从……角度 in need of　　　　　　　　　 需要 in need　　　　　　　　　　 在困难时 once more　　　　　　　　　 再一次 once again　　　　　　　　　 再一次 at once 　　　　　　　　　　 立刻；马上；同时 once in a while　　　　　　　 有时；偶尔 once upon a time　　　　　　 从前 all at once　　　　　　　　　 突然 (just) for once　　　　　　　　难得一次 (just) this once　　　　　　　 就这一次（用于强调）

69 短语习得 2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中
1) Hearing that his grandfather　　　　, he felt very sad. 【答案】had passed away 2) He is an old friend of mine. Though he lives far away, he will come to see me　　　　　. 【答案】once in a while 3) Would you please come to my flat at once? I am greatly　　your help. 【答案】in need of 4) The accident happened　　　　　. Before we could know it,，the building collapsed. 【答案】all at once 5) 　　　　finance, their company has great advantage, but we have our advantages, too. 【答案】 In terms of 返回单元菜单

70 重点句型 1. Professor Higgins is an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person’s English decides his or her position in society.(P28) 希金斯教授是一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。 convince sb of sth / that ...使……相信 be convinced of sth / that ...相信 He failed to convince the teacher of his honesty / that he was honest. 他没有能够让老师相信他是诚实的 Many people remain convinced of his innocence. 很多人到现在仍然确信他是无辜的。 【词语辨析】 persuade sb (not) to do sth 说服某人（不）做某事 persuade sb into / out of doing sth 说服某人（不）做某事 persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事

71 重点句型 persuade sb that 使某人相信某事
The police officer persuaded the young man not to jump / persuaded the young man out of jumping from the roof. 警官说服了那个年轻人不要从屋顶上跳下去。 We finally persuaded him of the wisdom of the decision / that the decision was wise. 我们最终使他相信这个决定是明智的。 2. I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.（P29） 嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。 That ain’t proper writing. I can’t read that. 这不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。 Ain’t 等于am not, is not, are not, has not或have not,许多人认为这种说法是不正确的。本文女主人公是一位没有什么文化的卖花女，用ain’t正符合她的身份。

72 重点句型 3. What if I was 如果我是又怎样呢？（P29）
What if something goes wrong? 要是出了问题将会怎么样？ It sounds like a good offer, but what if its a trick? 那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？ 4.I would never have come if I had known about this disgusting thing you want to do to me.（P34） 这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，用过去完成式+ would have表示。 I would have passed the exam if I had listened to you. 他要是现在在这里，我就会知道该怎么办了。 5. What’s to become of me? 我会怎么样？ become of sb / sth 用于询问某人或某物怎么样了/将会怎样。如：

73 重点句型 If she is sent to prison, what will become of her children?
如果她去坐牢，那她的孩子会怎样？ What on earth became of the painting that used to be in your grandfather’s library? 过去放在你祖父藏书室里的那幅画究竟怎么样了？ 6. He treats a flower girl as if she were a duchess. 他把一个卖花女当公爵夫人一样对待。 as if / as though:好像；似乎，后面常用过去时或过去完成时，表示一种与事实相反的假设。 He orders me about as if I were his wife. 他吩咐我干这干那，就好像我就是他老婆呢！ 即时强化练习: 用括号中的单词或词组填空 1) 　　　　(What if / What about) we go and see a film tomorrow night?

74 重点句型 【答案】What if　What about和How about sth / doing sth用法相同，用于提建议，如：How about going for a walk? How come后接从句表示“怎么会……”，如：How come she didn’t find out? 2) 　　 　 (Losing / Lost) in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods. 【答案】Lost　过去分词表示被动，在句中作原因状语，相当于Because we were lost in the fog。 3) 　　　　　(Discussing / Discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 【答案】Discussed　过去分词表示被动和已经发生,在句中作时间状语,相当于After the problems had been discussed many times。 4) When first　　　　(introducing / introduced) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

75 重点句型 【答案】introduced　过去分词作时间状语，相当于when the products were first introduced to the market。 5) If you put a stick in a glass of water, the stick looks as if it　 (were 　/ is) broken. 【答案】were　as if / as though后面常接虚似语气结构。 返回单元菜单

76 目标解读 1. A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment. (P29)
一位绅士路过那儿，犹豫了一下。 hesitate v. 犹豫；踌躇 hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇 【词汇网络】hesitate about / over sth. 对做某事感到犹豫不决 hesitate to do sth. 对做某不感到犹豫不决 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫干某事； I still hesitate about joining them in the exploring in the forest. 我仍在犹豫是否参加他们的森林探险。 We will not hesitate to give our lives to our motherland, let alone suffer some hardship. 我们可以毫不犹豫为祖国献出自己的生命，更不用说受一点点苦了。

77 目标解读 2. There you are and you come from the west end of London, born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken. (P29) 你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你是伦敦西边的人，出生在里森格罗佛。 mistaken adj. 错误的；误解的； Sometimes what we say is often mistaken by others. 有时，我们所说的话常常被人误解。 【词汇网络】be mistaken about sb. / sth. 误会某人或某事 mistake...for... 把……误认为……； do sth. by mistake 错做了某事； make a mistake 犯错误； make a mistake about sth. 误解…… 3. And I came to England to make your acquaintance! (P30)

78 目标解读 我也正是到英国来找你的！ acquaintance n.相识；了解；熟人
Mike has some acquaintance with China. 迈克对中国有所了解。 I have a large circle of acquaintances here in Guangdong.  我在广东这里结交很广。 【词汇网络】 make one’s acquaintance = make the acquaintance of sb.  结识某人；与某人初次见面 have ... acquaintance with sb. / sth 对……熟悉；对……了解 have a nodding acquaintance with sb.与某人有点头之交 cut / drop one’s acquaintance with sb.与某人绝交 4. Well, I never! A whole pound! A fortune! That’ll help me. (P30)

79 目标解读 啊，我可从来没有见过！整整一个英镑呢！一笔财富呀 fortune n.命运；运气；机会；大笔的钱；财富；财产
No one knows what his or her fortune will be in the future. 没有人能预测他/她的未来。 The old couple made a big fortune by selling waste material. 那对老夫妇靠卖废品发了财。 That diamond necklace must have cost you a fortune. 那条钻石项链肯定花了你不少钱。 【词汇网络】make a fortune / make one’s fortune 发财 tell one’s fortune 给人算命 try one’s fortune 碰运气 have good fortune 好运，走运 have bad fortune 运气不好，倒霉

80 目标解读 seek one’s fortune 外出找出路；寻求（发展）机遇、机会
be fortunate to do sth. / in doing sth . 幸运地做某事 5. show her in, Mrs.Pearce. (P34) Show sb. in 带或领……进来 When I came to visit Mr.Brown yesterday, an old servant showed me in. 当我昨天去探望布朗先生时，一个老仆人把我带进去。 【词汇网络】与show固定搭配的其它短语有： show sb. out 把某人带出去 show sb. around 领某人参观 show sb. sth. 给某人看某物 show sb. the way 指示走哪条路；示范 show off 炫耀；买弄 on show 展览

81 目标解读 show business 演艺事业；演艺界  show window 橱窗；陈列窗 返回模块菜单 返回单元菜单

82 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
词汇过关 短语习得 重点句型 目标解读

83 词汇过关 1. 重点单词拼写 1) I’m sorry, but there is no a　　　　but to sell the car to pay him back. 【答案】alternative 2) S　　　　I just don’t think your plan will work. 【答案】Somehow 3) A　　　　　that the proposal is accepted, when do you think we can get the money? 【答案】Assuming 4) Their mother never shows them much a　　　　, but they know she loves them. 【答案】affection 5) There are various branches of science and botany falls into the c　　of biology. 【答案】category

84 词汇过关 6) The drugs only provided temporary（暂时的）r from the pain.
【答案】relief 7) You need to say why this old building is worth p　　　　. 【答案】preserving (be worth doing sth) 8) A　　　　of the wine indicated that it contained dangerous additives （添加剂）. 【答案】Analysis 9) The s　　　　of this lies in the fact that he had previously denied all knowledge of the fund. 【答案】significance 10) You said you live in Guangdong Province. Could you be a bit more s　　　　? 【答案】specific

85 词汇过关 2. 用方框中词汇的正确形式填空 accuracy　ample　primitive　applaud　radioactive　accelerate　dizzy skilful　division　patient 1) The audience　　　　loudly when he left the stage. 【答案】applauded 2) The magician was so　　　　with his hands that nobody can discover his secret. 【答案】skilful 3) Workers in some occupations are exposed（暴露）to highly materials. 【答案】radioactive 4) Louise was very　　　　with me when I was ill and crabby（乖戾）. 【答案】patient

86 词汇过关 5) There is storage space in the new house. 【答案】ample
6) The house was　　　　, with an earthen（泥土） 【答案】primitive 7) Greg felt sick and　　　　in the hot sun. 【答案】dizzy 8) Sometimes there is no simple　　　　between good and evil. 【答案】division 9) I had read about another account（描述）of the story so I began to doubt the　　　　of his report. 【答案】accuracy 10) We should take effective measures to　　　　 the rate of economic 　 growth. 【答案】accelerate 返回单元菜单

87 短语习得 短语积累 regardless of 不顾；不管 look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划 look back 向后看；回顾
look down (on / upon sth) 　　 向下看；轻视  look up　　　　　　　　　　 查找；形势好转；看望 look up to sb　　　　　　　　 尊敬 look forward to sth / doing sth　 盼望 look at　　　　　　　　　　 看待；杳看；考虑 look on　　　　　　　　　 旁观；看作 look out　　　　　　　　　 留神；注意 look into　　　　　　　　　 调查 look over　　　　　　　　　 快速浏览 look through　　　　　　　 仔细查阅 look to　　　　　　　　　　 指望

88 短语习得 2. 介词填空 1) He went to work as usual regardless the clod.
【答案】of (regardless of ) 2) 　　　　my relief, my son was found safe and sound at school. 【答案】To (to sb’s relief ) 3) If this plan doesn’t work, we have an alternative　　　　it. 【答案】to (an alternative to sth ) 4) Mr.Garcia looks down　　　　　anyone who hasn’t had a college education. 【答案】on (look down on sb ) 5) We all look on him　　　　one of the greatest writers in our country. 【答案】as (look on sb as ) 6) This report looked　　　　the caused of unemployment. 【答案】into (look into sth ) 返回单元菜单

89 重点句型 1. It must have been very uncomfortable.
We have discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves where they constructed fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well. 我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。 本句在有三个并列的这种结构，所以后面残余分子个分词前省略了would have。 We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。

90 重点句型 2. Worried about the preparations for the feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts and fruit.(P43) 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果和不果收集起来就快步回家了。 worried about ... 是一个过去分词结构作原因状语，表示被动，相当于because she was worried about ... 。又如： Filled with great anger, I hit him in the face. 因为我当时气坏了，就打了他一耳光。 Lost in a book, he didnt notice me enter. 他当时正聚精会神地看一本书，所以没有注意到我进来。 3. If only it could just be like last year.(P43) 要是能像去年那样就好了！ If only she had looked ahead and planned better. Then she wouldn’t have been feeling so worried.

91 重点句型 她要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！那么她就不会这么担心了。If only ... (= I wish ...) “但愿”，后面常跟过去式（谈论现在和将来的事情）或过去完成式（谈论过去的和已经发生的事情），是一促虚似语气。又如： If only we could afford to buy a place of our own.  我们要是能买得起属于自己的住所就好了。 If only I had studied harder at school. 在中学时代我要是刻苦学习就好了。 4. Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild animals lying in wait for her.(P43) 拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，步伐也加快了，担心会有野兽在等着她。 fearing that ... 是一个现在分词结构作原因状语，表示主动，相当于because she feared that ... 。又如： Not knowing what to do, I went to the teacher for help.

92 重点句型 因为不知道该怎么办，所以我就去找老师帮忙。
5. He chose one large stone and began to hit one of the scrapers hard on the edge that needed sharpening. 他选了一个大块石头，在一个需要磨快的石刮子边沿上敲打起来。need / want / require doing 需要……，没有被动式，但相当于need to be done。 即时强化练习： 根据所给汉语完成句子 1) Your anti-virus software　　　　. （需要升级了） 【答案】needs / wants / requires upgrading 2) 　　　　at the time, I applied for the job.（因为手头缺钱） 【答案】Being short of money 3)　　　　in his room?（你认为他在干什么）

93 重点句型 【答案】What do you think he is doing
4) If only　　　　, I could get out of this place.（我有辆车） 【答案】 I had a car 5) 　　　　, I decided to work harder.（被他的事迹感动了） 【答案】 Encouraged by his deeds 6) He　　　 in Guangzhou for nearly 15 years but still can’t understand Cantonese.（生活） 【答案】 have been living 7) 　　　　; there’s plenty of time left.（不必急急忙忙） 【答案】 neednt have hurried 返回单元菜单

94 目标解读 1. You must be aware that it’s here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world (P38) aware adj.意识到；知道的 be / become aware of sth. 知道；意识到 We should be aware of the importance of learning a foreign language. 我们必须意识到学习外语的重要性。 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they won’t give it up. 尽管大多数烟民都知道吸烟有危害，可他们还是不愿戒掉。 2. So we think it is reasonable to assume (that) they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38) assume vt 假设；设想；装作 The scientists assume that there are living things on the Mars.

95 目标解读 科学家们设想火星上有生物。 When she was blamed by the classmates, she assumed a look of innocence. 当同学们责备她时，她装出一副无辜的表情。 【提示】assume表示假装时与pretend同义，但pretend的固定搭配用法是pretend to be; pretend that regardless of 不管；不顾 She is determined to go to study abroad, regardless of the fact that her English is poor. 不管她英语多贫乏，她还是决定到国外留学。 【词语辨析】regardless / despite / in spite of  以上三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是固定搭配用法不同。 despite“虽然，尽管；不顾”，语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体

96 目标解读 中。in spite of“虽然，尽管；不顾”，in spite of多用于书面语，语气较重，表示不管遇到什么障碍、干扰和反对也坚持要干。regardless of.是“不管，不顾，不理会”的一般用语。 The training class welcomes all students regardless of age. 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。 Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest, Jack went to Spain. 尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。 In spite of all his efforts, he failed in his English exam. 尽管他付出了他的努力，他的英语还是不及格。 3. It seemed that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. (P38) 看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。 cut up (P38与上句同)切碎；使……受苦

97 目标解读 She cut up some chicken and made some soup. 她把一些鸡肉切碎做汤。
The new lawn was cut up by the truck. 新草坪被重型卡车碾得伤痕累累。 【词汇网络】cut down 缩短；改小；缩小；砍伐 cut in 插嘴；打断；超车抢挡 cut off 切断；阻断；使分离，使隔绝 cut short 中断，打断 cut through 穿过，挤进 4. If only she looked ahead and planned better. (P43) 她要是早有预见、计划就好了！ look ahead 计划未来 I think it is time for me to look ahead.

98 目标解读 To look ahead, we must consider all the equipment in the company.
计划未来，我们得考虑公司的设备。 5. Lala smiled with relief. (P43) relief n.（痛苦或忧虑）减轻或解除；救济品；减轻痛苦的事物 The government immediately sent relief to the people in the disaster area. 政府立刻把救济品送到灾区人民手里。 It is really a relief to find you two here. 在这里找到你们俩真是太好了。 【固定搭配】 with relief 宽慰地

99 谢谢使用本课件