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Hengdian World Studios Chinawood, 1996
Hengdian World Studios (Chinese: 横店影视城) is the largest film studio in the world. It is located in Hengdian, a town in the city of Dongyang in Zhejiang Province. The movie studio is operated by the privately-owned Hengdian Group founded by a farmer turned millionaire Xu Wenrong. Sometimes called "Chinawood", Xu turned acres of farmland in central Zhejiang into one of the largest movie studios in Asia. Construction began in the mid-1990s and has been ongoing ever since with the possible recent addition of the replica of the Old Summer Palace. 横店影视城,位于中国东阳市横店境内,为国家AAAAA级旅游区,距杭州160公里,处于江、浙、沪、闽、赣四小时交通旅游经济圈内。乘飞机、火车或走高速公路均可直达。自1996年以来,横店集团累计投入30个亿资金兴建横店影视城,现已建成广州街、香港街、明清宫苑、秦王宫、清明上河图、梦幻谷、屏岩洞府、大智禅寺、明清民居博览城等13个跨越几千年历史时空,汇聚南北地域特色的影视拍摄基地和两座超大型的现代化摄影棚。已成为目前亚洲规模最大的影视拍摄基地,被美国《好莱坞》杂志称为"中国好莱坞"。
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Movie: Confucius Directed by Hu Mei, 2010 http://www. iqiyi
Movie: Confucius Directed by Hu Mei, (Chinese only) a 2010 Chinese biographical fantasy adventure drama film written, produced and directed by Hu Mei, starring Chow Yun-fat as the titular Chinese philosopher. Movie script in Chinese
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Spring and Autumn Annals
The famous Chunqiu 《春秋》, Spring and Autumn Annals, is a chronological record of the major events that occurred at the court of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BC. “If the work will come to know me, it will be through this book; if the world will think ill of me, it will also be because of this book.” “知我者惟其《春秋》乎! 罪我者惟其《春秋》乎!”
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Chapter Titles 1 Winter Sacrifice 冬季大典 2 Jiagu Meeting 夹谷会盟
3 Conflicts Between 会盟之争 4 Razing the Three City Walls 隳三都 5 The Parted Jade 玉珏 6 Femme Fatale 妖姬 7 World of Chaos 天下大乱 8 Go Back Home 回家 玉珏 penannular jade ring (worn as an ornament in ancient China) 史记:子曰:“臣闻有文事者必有武备,有武事者必有文备。古者诸侯出疆,必具官以从。请具左右司马。”定公曰:“诺。”具左右司马。会齐侯夹谷。
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Duke Ding of Lu promoted Confucius
Due to his successful reform and effective administration in Zhongdu 中都, Confucius was promoted to the Minister of Law/the police commissioner of Lu 大司寇 【dàsīkòu】; his reform was based on his advocacy to rule by rites 礼治【lǐzhì】modeled on the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BC). In a way, Confucius was looking backward, not forward; “中都”为春秋战国时的一地名,今在山东省汶上县,孔子曾在此任“中都宰”一职。 司寇,司徒,司马,司空的区别 司寇 相传夏、商时就有司寇的官职,掌管治安刑狱,周初有己姓后裔苏忿生任周朝司寇,他的子孙有的就以司寇为氏。司徒 是上古官名,尧舜时就设立了,主管教化民众和行政事物,周朝以地官为大司徒,相当于宰相。相传舜为尧司徒,子孙以为氏。司马 各个朝代所指官位不尽相同。战国时为掌管军政、军赋的副官;隋唐时是州郡太守(刺史)的属官;另外:古代战争中,战车不管如何先进,它的机动性还是受地 形道路限制,所以,行军需要队形整齐,交战也一样,严谨的车阵是士兵依托的基础,使勇敢者和怯懦者都不能独自前进或后退。在战国时期,晋军首先特设“司 马”一职,专门纠察队列秩序,这也是“司马”一姓的来历。司空 相传少昊设司空官职,专管天下水利土木工程建设,周朝改称冬官为大司空,传说尧时,大禹任司空,禹的子孙就有以官名司空为氏的。 孔子做过的“中都宰”、“司空”、“大司寇”分别是什么样的官职?它们分别相当于现代的什么职位? 中都宰:中都的地方官,掌管刑事 司空 : sī kōnɡ 1.官名。春秋晋有大司空,主司土木。汉成帝时,改御史大夫为大司空,哀帝时曾复旧称,后再改为大司空,与大司徒、大司马并称三公,成为共同负责最高国务的长官。东汉以后但称司空。明清用作工部尚书的别称。 大司寇 : dà sī kòu 古代官名。管理刑事。
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The Pheasant vs. the Slave Boy 放生【fàngshēng】 free captive animals Analogy across disciplines/fields
Before the Winter Sacrifice, the lead pheasant pecked off its long tail, the most valuable feature of its body; How to interpret this? The Court agreed that the bird be released not to offend the will of heaven. This scene paved the way for Confucius’ request to have the slave boy for burial spared. For this reason, Confucius offended Ji Huanzi in public—a shame culture where one’s “face” (prestige) matters a great deal. 陪葬【péizàng】 be buried with the dead. Ji Pingzi’s status: as high as that of a funeral service for a duke; (pl. pheasant(s)) 【鸟类】雉,野鸡 shoot the pheasant 加害无力自卫的人的生命[名誉];欺侮善良无辜者。
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Jiagu Meeting 500 BCE Between the State of Qi and The State of Lu in order to frame Duke Ding of Lu
Confucius’ art of Diplomacy: keep promise—500 chariots vs. three lost cities; Confucius retrieved three lost cities for the State of Lu without fighting. Thus, Confucius reached the peak in his career; in the meantime, he attracted jealousy from all over. The art of war--deception Ji Huanzi 季桓子 had a contest of archery with Confucius and he lost the game; Earlier he promised if Confucius won, he would dispatch 500 chariots as escort for Jiagu Meeting; 兵不厌诈【bīngbùyànzhà】 there can never be too much deception in war; in war nothing is too deceitful; all's fair in war.
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“有文事者,必有武备; 有武事者,必有文备”
Carriage vs. chariot 礼车 vs. 兵车 Plan A & Plan B According to Duke Zhou, any civil servant should back up words with weapons [and vice versa]. DVD 25:00 Check the movie version 此语见于《孔子家语·相鲁》篇,记载了孔子为鲁大司寇时发生的一件事情。鲁定公十年(公元前500年), 定公与齐侯在夹谷(今山东莱芜境内)会盟,孔子担当为定公相礼的任务。在当时齐强鲁弱的情况下,孔子敏锐的觉察到两君会盟时鲁国应该保持警惕,因而告诫定 公“有文事者,必有武备;有武事者,必有文备。古者诸侯并出疆,必具官以从”的道理。会盟中发生齐国胁迫鲁君的事实证实了孔子先前的考虑,这也透露出孔子 高超的智慧。 “有 文事者,必有武备;有武事者,必有文备”的道理其实在我们当今国际事务中体现的淋漓尽致。一个国家在国际谈判中所处的地位,往往与本国强大的国力成正比; 国力强大的现实意味着该国在国际谈判中的位置。中国在近、当代国际事务中所扮演的不同角色已经充分证实了这一点。新中国成立60年来,随着国家综合实力的不断提高,在国际事务中扮演了越来越重要的角色。特别时今年国庆60周年的阅兵,充分展现了新中国的国防实力,是国家综合实力强盛的重要标志;同时,也印证了新中国60年来所发生的翻天覆地的变化,使中国在国际事务中更加游刃有余。孔子二千多年前所具有的高超智慧,在我们这代人身上,同样体现了它的价值,并被我们世世代代传延下去。
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Characters Duke Ding of Lu 鲁定公 Duke Jing of Qi 齐景公 500 BCE
80 Singing and dancing girls 497 BCE to distract Duke Ding of Lu from his rule; this scale is for the son of heaven only; Note the State of Qi dominated the region due to two figures: reform of Guan Zhong (consult Ebrey’s East Asia 22); The Art of War of Sunzi;
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Dynamic relationship among the state of Qi/Zhao/Wei
围魏救赵【wéiWèijiùZhào】 besiege Wei to rescue Zhao - relieve the besieged by besieging the base of the besiegers. 354 BCE Consult the Art of War & the Thirty-Six 事件《史记·孙子吴起列传》,是讲战国时期齐国与魏国的桂陵之战。公元前354年,魏惠王欲释失中山的旧恨,便派大将庞涓前去攻打。这中山原本是东周时期魏国北邻的小国被魏国收服,后来赵国乘魏国国丧伺机将中山强占了,魏将庞涓认为中山不过弹丸之地,距离赵国又很近,不若直打赵国都城邯郸,既解旧恨又一举双得。魏王从之,欣欣然似霸业从此开始,即拨五百战车以庞涓为将,直奔赵国围了赵国都城邯郸。赵王急难中只好求救于齐国,并许诺解围后以中山相赠。齐威王应 允,令田忌为将,并起用从魏国救得的孙膑为军师领兵出发。这孙膑曾与庞涓同学,对用兵之法谙熟精通。魏王用重金将他聘得,当时庞涓也正事奉魏国。庞涓自觉 能力不及孙膑,恐其贤于己,遂以毒刑将孙膑致残,断孙两足并在他脸上刺字,企图使孙不能行走,又羞于见人。后来孙膑装疯,幸得齐使者救助,逃到齐国。这是 一段关于庞涓与孙膑的旧事。 且说田忌与孙膑率兵进入魏赵交界之地时,田忌想直逼赵国邯郸,孙膑制止说:“解乱丝结绳,不可以握拳去打,排解争斗,不能参与搏击,平息纠纷要抓住要害,乘虚取势,双方因受到制约才能自然分开。现在魏国精兵倾国而出,若我直攻魏国。那庞涓必回师解救,这样一来邯郸之围定会自解。我们再于中途伏击庞涓归路,其军必败。田忌依计而行。”果然,魏军离开邯郸,归路中又陷伏击与齐战于桂陵,魏部卒长途疲惫,溃不成军,庞涓勉强收拾残部,退回大梁,齐师大胜,赵国之围遂解。这便是历史上有名的“围魏救赵”的故事。又后十三年,齐魏之军再度相交于战场,庞涓复又陷于孙膑的伏击自知智穷兵败遂自刎。孙膑以此名显天下,世传其兵法。这个典故是指采用包抄敌人的后方来迫使它撤兵的战术。 简化 公元前354年,魏国军队围赵国都城邯郸,双方战守年余,赵衰魏疲。这时,齐国应赵国的求救, 派田忌为将,孙膑为军师,率兵八万救赵。攻击方向选在哪里?起初,田忌准备直趋邯郸。孙膑认为,要解开纷乱的丝线,不能用手强拉硬扯,要排解别人打架,不 能直接参与去打。派兵解围,要避实就虚,击中要害。他向田忌建议说,现在魏国精锐部队都集中在赵国,内部空虚,我们如带兵向魏国折都城大梁猛插进去,占据 它的交通要道,袭击它空虚的地方,向魏国的国都大梁(今河南开封)进军,它必然放下赵国回师自救,齐军乘其疲惫,在预先选好的作战地区桂陵迎敌于归途,魏军大败,赵国之围遂解。孙膑用围攻魏国的办法来解救赵国的危困,这在中国历史上是一个很有名的战例,被后来的军事家们列为 三十六计中的重要一计。围魏救赵这一避实就虚的战法为历代军事家所欣赏,至今仍有其生命力。
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The Art of War The highest art of war is to win without fighting
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field. 故善用兵者,屈人之兵而非战也。拔人之城而非攻也,破人之国而非久也。 The Art of War 3.6 The text is available online Confucius’s brilliant strategy: won three lost cities without fighting;
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What is “Razing the Three City Walls”?
A city wall for dukes or princes under an emperor; the feudal princes can’t go beyond 18ꞌ during the Zhou Dynasty to prevent their rebellions. The Three big families (Ji sushi/Meng Sunshi/Shu sunshi 季孙氏、孟孙氏/、叔孙氏) in the State of Lu ignored this regulation. They are nicknamed as three Huans because they are princes of Duke of Huan of Lu (--694BCE). Duke of Huan has four sons, the first-born (out of the queen), inherited the throne whereas the other three became ministers of the state. 春秋晚期鲁国三桓削弱家臣势力的措施。三桓分别筑有城邑作为统治中心。季孙氏筑城于费(今山东费县西北),孟孙氏筑城于郕(今山东宁阳东北),叔孙氏筑城于郈(今山东东平东南)。随着三桓的强大,三桓的家臣逐渐掌权,常依据城邑发动叛乱。鲁定公十一年(前498),子路任季孙氏的宰,实行隳三都。叔孙氏因家臣侯犯曾依据郈邑叛乱,将郈的城隳毁。季孙氏将隳费城,公山不狃从费起兵袭击国都,被司寇孔丘派兵打败,于是费城又隳毁。只有孟孙氏认为郕是他的保障,不愿隳毁。 三桓,即指鲁国卿大夫孟氏、叔孙氏和季氏。鲁国的三桓起于鲁庄公时代(前693年─前662年)。鲁庄公父亲鲁桓公有四子,嫡长子鲁庄公继承鲁国国君;庶长子庆父(谥共,又称共仲,其后代称仲孙氏,又改称孟氏)、庶次子叔牙(谥僖,其后代称叔孙氏)、嫡次子季友(谥成,其后代称季氏)皆按封建制度被鲁庄公封为卿,后代皆形成了大家族,由于三家皆出自鲁桓公之后,所以被人们称为‘三桓’。
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Ji Huanzi Chen Jianbin as Ji Sunsi head of Jishi Family, Minister in the Court of Lu (State)
季桓子季孙斯(?-前492年),春秋鲁国大夫。季平子季孙意如之子。前505年,季孙意如死后,其家臣阳虎囚禁季孙斯,并执鲁政达三年之久。阳虎逃走 后,季孙斯想用孔子帮助三桓打击当权的家臣。但是,孔子想提升公室的实力季孙氏将孔子逼走周游列国,鲁哀公三年,季桓子去世,其子季康子季孙肥继位。 季桓子,即季孙斯,春秋时鲁国卿大夫。姬姓,季氏,名斯。谥桓,史称“季桓子”。[1] 季孙斯之“孙”为尊称,“季孙”并不是氏称,“季孙某”仅限于对宗主的称谓,宗族一般成员只能称“季某”。故季桓子为季氏,而非季孙氏。 其父季平子,是鲁国权臣,曾摄行君位将近十年。其子季康子,迎孔子归鲁。 季桓子时期,季氏为首的三桓在鲁国的声威、权势有所降低,先是阳虎作乱,将季氏一直占据的执政地位给抢了过来,接着是孔子行政,隳三都而弱三桓,把季氏的老巢费城都给毁掉了。 季平子 季武子生子纥,尚未立为卿就死了,于是季武子的孙子季平子继承了季孙氏,并且发扬光大了季孙氏。 昭公在位年间,季平子执政专权。他为人跋扈,与其他卿家大夫结怨,结果想要摆脱三桓凌驾公室现 状的鲁昭公联合郈氏、臧氏,讨伐季平子。季平子一时慌了,连忙请罪。再三请罪而昭公不放弃攻打他的意愿,于是双方交战。此时,作为三桓的叔孙氏、孟氏发兵 援救季氏,击败鲁昭公的军队。昭公无奈地逃到齐国。齐国伐鲁,气焰嚣张,自称“主君”,完全把逃难的昭公当成大夫看待。昭公于是往晋国求助。季平子却早有 一着,他重金贿赂了当时晋国六卿,结果晋国让昭公暂居乾侯。从此,季平子摄行君位,俨然鲁国君主。 季平子的这种僭越行为影响深远,日后他的家臣阳虎作乱,不能不说是受此影响,正所谓“上梁不正下梁歪”。 至于他以人牺祭亳社的事情,只能说明当时的惯例是这样。
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Three Big Families 三桓,即指鲁国卿大夫孟氏、叔孙氏和季氏。鲁国的三桓起于鲁庄公时代(前693年─前662年)。鲁庄公父亲鲁桓公有四子,嫡长子鲁庄公继承鲁国国君;庶长子庆父(谥共,又称共仲,其后代称仲孙氏,又改称孟氏)、庶次子叔牙(谥僖,其后代称叔孙氏)、嫡次子季友(谥成,其后代称季氏)皆按封建制度被鲁庄公封为卿,后代皆形成了大家族,由于三家皆出自鲁桓公之后,所以被人们称为‘三桓’。 三桓,即指鲁国卿大夫孟氏、叔孙氏和季氏。鲁国的三桓起于鲁庄公时代(前693年─前662年)。鲁庄公父亲鲁桓公有四子,嫡长子鲁庄公继承鲁国国君;庶长子庆父(谥共,又称共仲,其后代称仲孙氏,又改称孟氏)、庶次子叔牙(谥僖,其后代称叔孙氏)、嫡次子季友(谥成,其后代称季氏)皆按封建制度被鲁庄公封为卿,后代皆形成了大家族,由于三家皆出自鲁桓公之后,所以被人们称为‘三桓’。
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“庆父不死,鲁难未已”在汉英词典中的解释(来源:百度词典):
1.Until Qing Fu is done away with, the crisis in the state of Lu will not be over. 2.There will always be trouble until he who stirs it up is removed.
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电影《孔子》中的人物(实际上应为公山不狃),鲁国三桓之一的部下。但其早已不满三桓的残暴统制,便想诱使孔子和他一起谋反。可孔子不答应,他便恼羞成 怒,借季孙斯的名义谋反。扬言要杀孔子,擒鲁君,驱三桓。但是公山狃军于武子台被孔子用油锅打败。在镇压大军强大的攻势下被杀。 夹谷会盟后,孔子成代理国相,提出“堕三都”(即以三家所建城墙不合周朝礼制的名义将其拆 除)。政令下达后,季孙氏家臣公山狃的费邑也在拆除之列,公山狃带兵反叛,试图攻占曲阜,自立为王。孔子保护国君登上武子台。武子台下,公山狃部队进攻, 孔子以原先所藏的十二大缸油点燃,从上而下向公山狃部队倾泻,公山狃军大乱,仓皇撤退,而坐收渔翁之利的季孙氏乘机消灭了公山狃军。
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http://baike. baidu. com/view/3137831
"Orchid Parade” 幽兰操 The Theme Song 《孔子》的主题曲名为“幽兰操”,由王菲演唱。相传古诗《幽兰操》(又称“猗兰操”)是精擅琴艺的孔圣人自感生未逢时的绝世作品。唐代著名诗人韩愈曾作同 名作品唱和孔子。而影片主题曲的歌词正是改编自韩愈这首名垂青史的诗作。 韩愈《幽兰操》原文中英文对照: 兰之猗猗,扬扬其香。 The orchid is flourishing, its fragrance spreads. 不採而佩,于兰何伤? If no one plucks one to wear it, how could that harm the orchid! 今天之旋,其曷为然。 My coming back today, who caused it? 我行四方,以日以年。 I have been traveling everywhere, for years on end. 雪霜贸贸,荠麦之茂。 The luxuriance of the frost and snow (will bring) luxuriant crops (in spring) 子如不伤,我不尔觏。 If you are not sad I will not come to see you. 荠麦之茂,荠麦之有。 Luxuriant crops (mean) a good harvest 君子之伤,君子之守。 Although a gentleman may be sad, he keeps proper conduct. 韩愈《幽兰操》原文白话文版翻译: 兰花开时,在远处仍能闻到它的幽幽清香;如果没有人采摘兰花佩戴,对兰花本身有什么损伤呢?一个君子不被人知,这对他又有什么不好呢?我常年行走四 方,看到隆冬严寒时,荠麦却正开始茂盛地生长,一派生机盎然,既然荠麦能无畏寒冬,那么不利的环境对我又有什么影响呢?一个君子是能处于不利的环境而保持 他的志向和德行操守的啊。
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Confucianism/Legalism/Taoism
Identify dynamic relationship revealed in the movie. Confucius’s dialogue with Duke Ding of Lu regarding how to rule a state: rule by rites vs. rule by punishment; DVD: 1.02 Confucius’ meeting with Laozi: accomplish everything by doing nothing! 无为方能无不为! The weak survive; the mild persist; Nothing is softer than water, and yet aggression and force never triumph over water. Read Zhuangzi, especially on how Cook Ding takes care of his knife;
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