范例欣赏 Of Studies.

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1 范例欣赏 Of Studies

2 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability
Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse ; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

3 For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

4 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.

5 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天下生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

6 Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

7 读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细想。
Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

8 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

9 Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. 书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。

10 Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

11 And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

12 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores⑴. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

13 人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.

14 Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类

15 So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. 如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；

16 如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；
If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cyminisectores⑵.

17 If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. (Francis Bacon) 如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。 （弗兰西斯·培根著，王佐良译）

18 Notes: (1) Abeunt studia: (Latin) studies pass into the character 凡有所学，皆成性格 (2) cyminisectores: (Latin) hair-spliters 过分讲究细节的人

19 【译者简介】 王佐良（1916——1995）,浙江上虞人。1935年 考入北平清华大学外文系，抗战爆发后，随校迁往云南昆明，即西南联大。1939年——1946年 西南联大毕业，留校任助教、教员、讲师。 1944年7月——1945年8月 兼任军委会国际宣传处昆明办事处主任。 1946年秋回北平，任清华大学讲师。 1947年秋考取庚款公费留学，入英国牛津大学，为摩登学院研究生，从师英国文艺复兴学者威尔逊教授。 1949年9月放弃去法国留学机会，回到北平。分配到北京外国语学院任教, 1950年----

20 1951年9月任中宣部《毛泽东选集》英译委员会委员，参加选集1—4卷的英译工作。1958年英译曹禺名剧《雷雨》出版。1959年6月——1966年任北京外国语学院英语系代主任、主任、院务委员会委员。1979年在中国社会科学院外国文学研究所兼任研究员。1980年——1984年9月任北京外国语学院副院长、院学位委员回主任、国务院学位委员会委员。他与许国璋、吴景荣曾被誉为新中国的“三大英语权威”，为新中国英语教育和英语翻译做出了杰出的贡献. 王佐良在翻译方面的最初尝试开始于1940年在西南联大任助教期间。那时工作很繁重，生活又困难，常常要排队买米，他却仍然能坚持看书、翻译。早期译作有爱尔兰著名作家乔伊斯的短篇小说集《都柏林人》，曾托人带到桂林准备出版，

21 却遇上日寇飞机轰机，手稿化为灰烬。后来仅整理出一篇《伊芙林》，1947年载于天津大公报的文学副刊上。此间他开始学术论着的写作，其中，《诗人与批评家艾略特》一文，曾分章节载于大公报和益世报上，开创了国内研究英国著名诗人艾略特之先河。 王佐良在文学翻译方面不仅拥有丰富的实践经验，而且在翻译理论方面也颇有建树。他的翻译主张，比较集中地反映在他的《翻译、思考与试笔》、《论新开端；文学与翻译研究集》、《论诗的翻译》等专著和许多论文中。他特别注重使包括翻译作品在内的各种作品面向读者，一再强调“一部作品要靠读者来最后完成”。他谦虚地把自己的译作称为“试笔”，说“翻译者是一个永恒的学生”。

22 他认为，翻译的理论不能永远停留在只是津津乐道于前人总结的"信、达、雅"三个字上，而应有能力地顺译，必要时直译，任何好译作总是顺译和直译的结合；二、一切照原作，“雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之，文体如之。” 在诗歌翻译方面，他更有独到的见解。他提出，不论是翻译外国诗歌或中国诗歌，不仅要在音韵和节奏等形式因素上接近原作，而且应忠实原作的风格和“传达原诗的新鲜和气势”。他还特别强调，翻译中应注意处理好全文和细节之间的关系，并谈了自己的体会：“如果译者掌握了整个作品的意境、气氛和效果，他有时会发现某些细节并不直接促成总的效果，他就根据所译语言的特点作必要的变通，这样就取得了一种新的自由，使他能振奋精神，

23 敢于创新，他将感到文学翻译不是机械乏味的事，而是一种创造性的努力。"王佐良正是以这种"创造性的努力"完成了许多优秀的翻译作品的。他最经典的译作要数培根的《论读书》。