第一部分　基础考点聚焦 必修5.

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1 第一部分　基础考点聚焦 必修5

2 Ⅰ.单词拼写　根据音标及词义写出英文单词。 1．__________ [‘miːnwaIl] adv.　其间；同时 2． __________ ['kɒliːɡ] n. 同事 3． __________ ['dedlaIn] n. 最后期限 4． __________ [dI'lemə] n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境 5． __________ ['æmətə] n. 业余爱好者 6． __________ [kraIm] n. 罪行；犯罪 7． __________ ['pɒlIʃ] vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色 meanwhile colleague deadline dilemma amateur crime polish

3 8． __________ [ə'pruːv] vt. 赞成；认可；批准
9． __________ ['pʌblIʃ] vt. 出版；发表；公布 10． __________ [ˌʌp'deIt] vt. 更新；使现代化 11． __________ [ʌn'juːʒʊəl] adj. 不同寻常的 12． __________ ['iːɡə] adj. 渴望的；热切的 13． __________ ['skeptIkl] adj. 怀疑的 14． __________ ['ækjʊrət] adj. 精确的 15． __________ ['θʌrə] adj. 彻底的；详尽的 approve publish update unusual eager sceptical accurate thorough

4 Ⅱ. 单词拓展 写出下列单词及其派生词。 1． ___________ n. 照片vt. 给……照相 ____________ n
Ⅱ.单词拓展 写出下列单词及其派生词。 1． ___________ n. 照片vt.给……照相 ____________ n. 摄影 ______________ n. 摄影师 2． __________ vt. 帮助；协助；援助 __________ n. 帮助；协助；援助 __________ n. 助手；助理 3． __________ n. 职业；专业 ____________ adj. 专业的n.专业人员 photograph photography photographer assist assistance assistant profession professional

5 4． ____________ vt. 获得；取得；学到 ____________ n
4． ____________ vt. 获得；取得；学到 ____________ n. 获得；取得；学到 5． ____________ vt. 告知；通知 ____________ n. 信息 6． ____________ n. 技术 ____________ adj. 技术(上)的；技巧方面的 ____________ adv. 技术上；工艺上 acquire acquisition inform information technique technical technically

6 1．________________ 集中；全神贯注于 2．____________ 依靠；依赖 3．____________ 因……指责或控告…… 4．________________ 为了(做)…… 5．__________ 在……前面 6．__________________ 对……有敏感的嗅觉 7．________________ 通知某人某事 8．______________________________ 完全误解；完全搞错 9．__________________ 盼望…… 10．________________ 把……传给…… 11．______________________ 约会，预约 12．________________ 应该；本应 concentrate on depend on accuse...of so as to (do sth.) ahead of have a nose for... inform sb.of sth. get the wrong end of the stick look forward to... pass...on to... make an appointment be supposed to...

7 1．Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。 [解读] never置于句首，句子用部分倒装。 [仿写] 我再也不到那家快餐店吃东西了,那里用有毒的油. Never again __________ in the fast food restaurant where poisonous oil is used. will I eat

8 2．His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX)，was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响。 [解读] be to do在句中表示后来发生的事，常译为“注定会……；一定……”。 [仿写] 因为你既聪明又勤奋，你一定会成功的。 __________________ because you are wise and hardworking. You are to succeed

9 3．Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有没有遇到过这种情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道失实呢？ [解读] where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a case。 [仿写] 我能想出许多情况，学生知道许多英语词汇却写不出好文章。 I can think of many cases _____________________________________________________ but couldn’t write a good essay. where students knew quite a few English words and expressions

10 倒 装 运用倒装句改写下列句子。 1．I have never met him before
倒 装 运用倒装句改写下列句子。 1．I have never met him before. →_______________________________． 2．Although we are tired，we are happy. →________________________________． 3．The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. →_______________________________________________． Never have I met him before Tired as we are；we are happy On the other side of the street stands the clock tower

11 4．I didn’t finished my homework until Mother went to sleep
4．I didn’t finished my homework until Mother went to sleep. →_________________________________________________. 5．If I were given another chance，I would study even harder. Not until I finished my homework did Mother go to sleep Were I given another chance，I would study even harder

12 Accurately speaking his profession is a journalist
Accurately speaking his profession is a journalist.He’s also a gifted amateur photographer.He is always eager to assist others，so he’s admirable but he sometimes breaks appointment deliberately.

13 1.acquire vt.获得；取得；学到 (教材P26)Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 只有通过多提问不同的问题你才能获得你想知道的信息。

14 (1)acquire a knowledge of. 获得……的知识 acquire a habit of
(1)acquire a knowledge of... 获得……的知识 acquire a habit of... 养成……的习惯 acquire a taste for... 开始喜欢上…… (2) acquisition n. 获得；得到 acquired adj. 已取得的；后天获得的

15 ①As far as I know，she has acquired a good knowledge of English
①As far as I know，she has acquired a good knowledge of English.据我所知，她英语已经学得很好。 ②Although ___________________some general achievements, the professor was still dissatisfied in his research.虽然已经取得了一些阶段性成果，教授仍旧对自己的研究不很满意。 having acquired

16 [易混辨析]acquire，achieve，gain
指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西，也指养成习惯等。 强调通过极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标。 指经过有意识的努力而获得成就或利益。

17 活用——选用上述词语填空 (1)After so many years of hard work，he finally__________ success. (2)She has_________ some very unpleasant habits recently. (3)He worked so hard that he finally_______ the opportunity to study abroad. achieved acquired gained

18 2.concentrate vt.& vi.集中；聚集 (2013·高考重庆卷·完形填空)Hard though she tried to make the kids concentrate，the thunder won the battle for their attention. 尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力，但是雷声吸引了学生们的注意力。

19 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事 concentrate one’s mind/attention/energy on 集中注意力；致力于；专心于 (2)fix/focus one’s mind/attention on... 集中注意力于…… (3)concentration n. 集中；专心

20 ①Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school，but as students we must concentrate on our studies.放学后玩电脑能给我们带来快乐和放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。 ②We must ___________________________urgent problems. 我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。 ③Speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a driver’s attention from the road.打电话需要集中注意力，这样就分散了司机对路面的注意力。 focus our attention on

21 3.inform vt.通知；告知 (牛津)Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible. 地址如有变更请尽快通知我们。

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23 ①Had I informed/If I had informed him of the exact time for the meeting earlier，he wouldn’t have been late yesterday.要是我早一点通知他开会的准确时间，昨天他就不会迟到了。 ②We regret to __________________your application has been rejected. 我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。 ③It keeps us informed of what have happened at home and abroad during the week. 它使我们及时了解一周来国内外所发生的事情。 inform you that

24 4.case n．情况；病例；案例 (2013·高考北京卷·单项填空)I took my driving license with me on holiday，in case I wanted to hire a car. 我度假时随身带着驾照，以备我租车之需。

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26 ①(牛津)There is no point complaining now—we’re leaving tomorrow in any case. 现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。 ②As is often the case with him，he was late for class. 上课迟到对他来说是常有的事。 ③Enough space should be given to the kids；___________，they will get more life experience.应该给予孩子足够的自由空间，那样的话孩子会得到更多的生活经历。 in that case

27 活用——完成句子 (1)__________________________ the word is used to describe people. 在一些情况下，这个单词可以描述人物。 (2)Anybody should_____________________ to stay here. 决不允许任何人在这里停留。 There are some cases where in no case be allowed

28 5.demand n．要求，需求 vt.强烈要求 (2013·高考山东卷·阅读表达)In 1973，kidnappers took his 16­year­old grandson，and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. 1973年绑架者绑架了他16岁的孙子，并索要一笔钱才让他安全回来。

29 (1)be in(great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that...should do... 要求……

30 ①The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers’ demands. 经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。 ②My car demands/needs/requires repairing/to be repaired，so I have to go to work by bus. 我的小汽车需要修理了，因此我必须乘公共汽车上班。 ③The manager demanded that the workers ______________________to complete the task ahead of time. 经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。 (should) work extra hours

31 【温馨提示】 动词后接宾语从句且宾语从句中用虚拟语气的动词有：demand，advise，suggest，desire，command,urge，order, require，prefer等。

32 6.depend on 依靠；依赖 (2013·高考浙江卷·阅读理解)This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there is a lot we can do to lower the number. 这表明我们需要依靠多少水来生活，但这儿我们还可以做很多事情降低这个用水量数。

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34 ①You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time. 你可以相信所有的货物都会及时用船运到国外去。 ②Nowadays young people just can’t live without the Internet,_________________________whatever information they need.如今的年轻人离开因特网就无法生活，他们依靠它获取自己所需的信息。 ③—Can you finish the work before Sunday? —That depends./It all depends. ——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？ ——这要看情况而定。 on which they depend for

35 7.accuse...of 因……指责或控告…… (教材P26)A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. 一位足球运动员被指控受贿,故意不进球,为了让别的队赢球.

36 accuse sb. of (doing) sth. ＝charge sb. with(doing) sth
accuse sb.of (doing) sth. ＝charge sb.with(doing) sth.因(做)某事指控某人 ①A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.一条不好的消息已经传播开来：那位富人被指责做好事的目的只是为了沽名钓誉。 ②I don’t think anyone can ________me ___not being frank. 我想任何人都不能指责我不坦率。 accuse of

37 活用——完成句子 (1)He_______ his boss_______ having broken his word
活用——完成句子 (1)He_______ his boss_______ having broken his word.他指责老板不守信用。 (2)He was charged with cheating in the examination. ＝He______________ cheating in the examination. 他被指责考试作弊。 accused of was accused of

38 1.(教材P26)His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin (HX)，was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响.

39 be to do在句中表示不可避免将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定会……，一定……”。 该句型主要有以下几层含义： (1)表示按计划或安排要做的事。 (2)表示“必须”，相当于must，have to。 (3)表示“想，打算”，相当于intend，want。 (4)were to do sth.用于if或even if/even though中，表示对未来的假设。

40 ①I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time
①I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 ②If you ________________，you have to make more efforts. 如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。 ③The letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信必须亲手交给他。 ④If it ____________，we would have to cancel the match tomorrow.假如下雨，我们只好取消明天的比赛。 are to succeed were to rain

41 2.(教材P26)Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英语报纸的第一项工作任务.

42 (1)此句为倒装句。否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。 (2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not，never，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，neither，nor，at no time，by no means，in no case，in no way，on no condition等。

43 ①—It’s nice. Never before have I had such a special drink
①—It’s nice.Never before have I had such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. ——太棒了，我以前从来没喝过这么独特的饮料！ ——很高兴您喜欢。 ②He is such an ill­tempered man that on no condition ______________________． 他的脾气太暴躁了，无论如何我都不会和他合作。 ③Not a single mistake did he make in yesterday’s exam. 在昨天的考试中他没有犯一个错误。 will I team up with him

44 3.(教材P26)Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？ 你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道失实呢？

45 where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a case。当先行词为case,situation和position，point时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。 抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需要关系代词that或which。

46 ①I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 生活中我已达到我应该自己做出决定的地步。 ②We are in a position ________ we may lose a great deal of money.我们在这种处境下可能会损失大量金钱。 ③All the neighbours admire this family，where/in which the parents are treating their child like a friend. 邻居们都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭中父母对待孩子像朋友 一样。 ④Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases _____________ beginners of English are likely to meet with. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者可能遇到的情况。 where which/that

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49 细节理解题解题技法之一——寻读法 做好细节理解题需要了解干扰项的如下特点：1.是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容；2.符合常识，但不是文章内容；3.与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动;4.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反;5.部分正确部分错误。 寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。

50 (2013·高考北京卷)Multitasking People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once，a new research suggests.The findings，based on performances and self­evaluations by about 275 college students，indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity，but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，”said David Sanbonmatsu，a psychologist at the University of Utah.

51 Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked，how good they thought they were at it，and how sensation­seeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were.They then evaluated the participants’multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.

52 Not surprisingly，the scientists said，most people thought they were better than average at multitasking，and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation­seeking and impulsive behavior，which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.

53 “People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity，but because they’re distractible，and they get sucked into things that are not as important，”Sanbonmatsu said. Adam Gazzaley，a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco，who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.

54 The findings do suggest，however，why the sensation­seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley，another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”

55 67.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask________． A．seek high productivity constantly B．prefer handling different things when getting bored C．are more focused when doing many things at a time D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time

56 68．When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research，they________． A．assessed the multitasking ability of the students B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students C．analyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental tasks D．measured the changes of the students’understanding ability

57 69．According to Sanbonmatsu，people multitask because of their________． A．limited power in calculation B．interests in doing things differently C．inability to concentrate on one task D．impulsive desire to try new things

58 70．From the last paragraph，we can learn that multitaskers usually________． A．drive very skillfully B．go in for difficult tasks C．fail to react quickly to potential dangers D．refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

59 68题可利用寻读法，先读题干，然后确定答案出处为第二段,第二段提到他们让参与实验的学生做这做那，然后他们“evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task...”，由此可知，Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在实验中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。 【文章大意】 本文为一篇科普文，介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人做事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。

60 67．解析：选D。细节理解题。由文章第一段的“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once...”可知，这样的人在同时做很多事情时往往会有最差的结果，故正确答案为D项。 68．解析：选A。细节理解题。文章第二段提到他们让参与实验的学生做这做那，然后他们“evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task...”,由此可知, Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在实验中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。

61 69．解析：选C。细节理解题。由文章第四段Sanbonmatsu所说的话“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity，but because they’re distractible，and they get sucked into things that are not as important”可知答案。distractible意为“不专心的，分心的”，因此正确答案为C项。 70．解析：选C。推理判断题。文章最后一段提到的研究结果表明：这些寻求刺激的人(sensation­seekers)往往会“multitask the most”，但是却有“enjoy risky distracted driving”的结果，这是因为这些人往往“less sensitive to risky situations”，即对潜在的危险不能迅速作出反应，故C项为正确答案。