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高考书面表达 题型分析与备考策略
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一、高考英语书面表达题的命题依据 考试说明 要求 2004 2005/06 写作 测试考生的书面表达能力。
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能: 1 准确使用语法和词汇; 2 使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。 教学大纲 1 能就已学课文的内容作简单的改写; 2 能听写结构简单、没有生词的语段。语速为每分钟110-120个词;书写速度为每分钟15个词; 3 能在日常生活中,写简单的书信、便条和通知等;能填写简单的个人履历表等。书写格式、行文及常用词语等无严重错误; 4 能根据提示,在30分钟内写80-100个词的短文。意思表达清楚,无严重语言错误。
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Film or book, which do you prefer?
二、高考英语书面表达的题型分析 1试题类型 ⑴情景作文 2006浙江卷 当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影,有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer?”为题,按照下列要点写一篇英语短文: 1、 看电影:省时、有趣、易懂; 2、 读原著:细节更多、语言优美; 3、 我的看法及理由。 注意:1、词数: 文章题目和开头已给出(不计入词数)。 2、参考词汇: original work 或 book in the original (原著) Film or book, which do you prefer? Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.
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2006辽宁卷 下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历。请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文。 注意:①短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容,短文的内容要连贯、完整; ②短文单词数:100左右(开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数)。 One Saturday morning, Li Ming and his grandpa were feeding
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⑵开放作文 2006上海春季卷 Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given in below in Chinese. 简单描述你的居住现状,并发挥想象力,描绘你理想中的家园。 2006北京卷 请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 You and your Australian friend Jim are visiting a city in China where you see the street sculptures as shown below. You and Jim are discussing what the artist is trying to say. Now you are telling Jim how you understand this piece of art and what makes you think so. 提示词:雕塑sculpture 笔记本电脑laptop
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2006山东卷 请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文,简要描述漫画内容,并结合生活实际, 就漫画主题发表感想,题目自拟。 参考词汇:公民道德—civic virtue 2006湖南卷 请根据下面的英文短诗,展开适当的想象,写一篇短文。 标题为:MY Teacher Mr. Moore There is a teacher Mr Moore, Who is lovely and thirty-four, Always encouraging us to try, He leads us to a world of “why”, We all admire him more and more. 注意: 1.不得照抄短诗原文; 2.必须结合短诗的内容,发挥想象,适当展开; 3.必须突出短诗的主题,结构完整,语义连贯; 4.短文不能写成诗歌形式; 5.词数120左右。
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2命题方式 ⑴要点提示 2006天津卷 假设你是李华,在出国交流学习期间,到当地一家电影院看了一场精彩的电影,但 在观影过程中发现了一些问题。请你根据下列提示用英语给影院经理写一封信。 1.因广告过多,影片放映晚点; 2.影片播放音量过大; 3.安全出口标识不明,存在安全隐患; 4.适当结尾。 注意:1.词数:80—120; 2.可适当加入细节,以使行文连贯; 3.信的开头已为你写好(不计入词数)。 参考词汇: 安全出口 — exit 安全隐患 — potential safety hazard Dear Manager, I’m an exchange student from China. Yesterday, I went to your cinema to see a film. The film was very good, but Yours faithfully, Li Hua
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2006陕西卷 暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划,提出了不同看法,请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。 优 点 缺 点 待在家中 花费少、舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界 外出旅游 增长知识、开阔眼界 花费多、旅途不便 注意:1.短文写在答题卡上的指定区域,词数80-120(不含已写好部分)。 2.短文必须包括表中所列要点,可根据内容分段表述。 3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 4.参考词汇:眼界―horizon(或view)
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⑵图表提示 2006江西卷(情景图) 请用“中秋节的等待”为题,用英语写一篇短文,描述下图的内容,并就此发表你的评论。
要求:1.文章必须包括描述和评论两部分; 2.词数为100左右。
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2006全国卷I(示意图) 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求,写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增减细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。 June 8 Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. … Best wishes, Li Hua
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2006广东卷(对比图) 根据以下图画,写一篇英语短文,描述今昔通讯方式的变化,以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。 注意:1.词数:100左右 2.生词:通讯:communicate (with sb.) vi. communication n. 互联网:the Internet n.
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2005广东卷(连环画) Michael是一名美国中学生,在学校里选修汉语。他利用暑假到中国进修,希望进一步了解中国文化。有一天,他看到下面有关成语的漫画,不大明白其中的意思。请你用英语巴漫画所表达的故事和寓意写成一段短文,向他解释。 注意:1.词数:在80—120词之间; 2.参考词汇:bump into(撞上),hoe(锄头)
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2004北京卷(柱状图、饼图) 某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查,结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动,并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。 词数不少于60。 生词:图表chart
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三、 高考英语书面表达失分的主要原因 1 审题不仔细,遗漏要点
假设你是李华,在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨,你目击一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料,报告当时所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。 注意: 1.目击者应该准确报告事实; 2.词数100左右; 3.结尾已为你写好。 About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua
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请仔细看一下下面的图画,注意图画中的细节:
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剖析:本题图文结合,审题时要重视细节。 1 明确写作要求: 本题要求写一篇目击者的报告,用第一人称写; 2 认真审图,确认全部信息要点: ①图中的环境条件; ②人物位置(此点对完成本题十分重要); ③人物活动; ④人物表情; ⑤空间结构; ⑥图中的全部附加文字(英语和汉语)。
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3 确定内容要点: ①时间:2000年2月8日早晨7点15分; ②地点:公园路公园门前; ③我正沿公园路向东走; ④一辆汽车从第3街向右拐,驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人; ⑤汽车未停,沿公园路向西开走; ⑥汽车是黄色的,车牌号是AC864,司机是一位女性。
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One Possible version: It was 7 : 15 on the morning of February 8, I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua
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评分提示: 5 覆盖所有内容要点(21一25分); 4 虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容(16一20分); 3 虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容(11一15分); 2 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容(6一10分); 1 明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求 (1一5分)。
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2.过渡不自然,单纯翻译 下面这篇文章有什么毛病?
Today is National Day. Li Ming and I went to Beijing Zoo. We took the No. 15 bus. We got there ten minutes later. There were many people in the zoo. Most of them were children. In the zoo, we saw elephants. We saw bears. We saw lions…. At 12 o’clock, we went back home. We had a wonderful day today. We felt tired. We felt happy. 剖析:这位学生把该表达的内容都写出来了,而且没有句子结构方面的错误,但是,他写的不是一篇短文,而是孤零零的句子。
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一篇好的短文必须要有起承转合: Today is National Day. Li Ming and I went to Beijing Zoo. We took the No. 15 bus and ten minutes later we got there. There were many people in the zoo, most of whom were children. In the zoo, we saw many kinds of animals, such as elephants, bears and lions…. At 12 o’clock, we went back home. What a wonderful day we had today. Although we were tired, we felt very happy.
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评分提示: 5 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑(21一25分); 4 应用简单的语句间连接成分,使全文结构紧凑(16一20分); 3 应用简单的语句间连接成分,使全文内容连贯(11一15分); 2 较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性(6一10分); 1 缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯(1一5分)。
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3 逻辑不恰当,有悖常理 假如在你家附近有一家污染严重的化工厂。China Daily在征集有关环境保护的稿件。请根据图画内容,用英语写一篇关于环境保护的文章。 注意:1.题目自拟;2.短文必须包括图画所表示的内容,可以合理想像适当发挥,使内容连贯、完整;3.词数:100词左右。 参考词汇:lung cancer肺癌 criticize批评
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请仔细看一下下面的图画,注意图画中的细节:
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Pollution does harm to us all!
A chemical factory lies near my home. It gave out lots of smoke, which harmed peoples’ health, but the manager paid no attention. Then the factory was forced to stop production and the manager said angrily, “Is there any evidence to show that we did harm to people’s health? In fact, we haven’t.” Just then, a doctor came, with the result of the medical exam, saying the manager was suffering a lung cancer. It is very clear that the pollution has harmed not only people around the factory but also the manager himself. The manager was criticized by the government. Now he has realized the importance of keeping the air clean. 剖析:经理到底为何遭批评?得了肺癌还是污染环境?
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Pollution does harm to us all!
A chemical factory lies near my home. The manager was criticized by the government because the factory gave out lots of harmful smoke every day, but he paid no attention. Then the factory was forced to stop production and the manager said angrily, “Is there any evidence to show that we did harm to people’s health? In fact, we haven’t.” Just then, a doctor came, with the result of the medical exam, saying the manager was suffering a lung cancer. It is very clear that the pollution has harmed not only the people around the factory but also the manager himself. The manager regretted having caused so much pollution. Now he has realized the importance of keeping the air clean.
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4 表达不丰富,结构单调 有的考生怕犯语法错误,一味地使用简单句。
The entrance fees are charged. People will not come. Walls and gates should not be built. They will make the city look bad. 剖析:短语、从句使短文更富有表现力。 Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more,it will become unnecessary to build gates and walls,which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
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评分提示: 5 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇(21一25分); 4 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求(16一20分); 3 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求(11一15分); 2 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限(6一10分); 1 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限(1一5分)。
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5 语言不地道,汉式思维 例如:2002年书面表达要求给英文报纸写信。
不少同学都写成:I want to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 剖析:就I want to tell you…而言,本身没有错,但用在此处就不符合英语习惯了。 书信开头,要表达:“我写信给你,目的是想……”,应写成I am writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve just had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
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6 用词不贴切,缺乏积累 由于平日积累太少,或没记准词义及用法,学生在词汇的选择上经常出现错误。 例如:2002年北京卷
最后部分应写Li Ming then put up the tent,and I made a fire and started cooking. 有学生写成Li Ming then put up the tent, and I set fire to cooking food. 剖析:set fire用在此处是个不可原谅的错误,set fire to a place是“放火烧某处” 的意思,显而易见,考生没有弄清楚set fire与make a fire的区别,或者,根本就不知道make a fire 这个短语。
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书面表达中,不少学生的语法错误比较多,有的甚至影响到了意义的表达。
7 语法不正确,错误不断 书面表达中,不少学生的语法错误比较多,有的甚至影响到了意义的表达。 【误】Can you tell Asia elephants from Africa? 剖析:【正】Can you tell Asian elephants from African ones? 【误】He will remember firmly that the teacher said and did. 剖析:【正】He will remember clearly what the teacher said and did.
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评分提示: 5 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言应用能力(21一25分); 4 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致 (16一20分); 3 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解(11一15分); 2 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解(6一10分); 1 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解 (1一5分)。
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8 书写不规范,多词少词 评分原则: ·拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 ·词数少于100和多于140的,从总分中减去2分。 ·如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。 说明: 1.内容要点可用不同方式表达。 2.对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
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错在哪里? 1.审题不仔细,遗漏要点 2.过渡不自然,单纯翻译 3. 逻辑不恰当,有悖常理 4.表达不丰富,结构单调
5.语言不地道,汉式思维 6.用词不贴切,缺乏积累 7.语法不正确,错误不断 8.书写不规范,多词少词
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